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Results for “Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prevention of sudden cardiac death.

Since the vast majority of these deaths are triggered by arrhythmias, the first step in prevention is to understand the risk factors for malignant rhythms. The second is to identify patients who may benefit from preventive intervention. Finally, who should get drugs, who automatic cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. The determinants of that choice remain to be elucidated.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗
PubMed2002

Pain and palliative care in Issue Number 3, 2001 of The Cochrane Library.

A brief description of how an individual can access The Cochrane Library and navigate within it is provided. The National Library of Medicine medical subject heading (MeSH) terminology is described. Selected new reviews from a recent edition of The Cochrane Library are listed in an annotated bibliography together with a description of the current volume of material now available on the library.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Using graphical displays of exact overall significance levels as a guideline for choosing a significance level for pairwise comparisons of a dichotomous variable.

Exact overall significance levels for selected sample sizes and response probabilities are graphically displayed when a dichotomous variable is compared between a placebo and two or more active treatments. A Z-statistic with a pooled variance estimator is used as the test statistic and critical values are based on the (1 - alpha/2)th percentile of the standard normal distribution. These figures are used as a simple guideline for choosing significance levels that achieve a desired overall significance level. If an overall significance level of 0.05 is desired when comparing a placebo to two, three, or four active treatments, the recommended significance levels to be used for each of the two, three, or four pairwise comparisons are 0.027, 0.019, or 0.015. If an overall significance level of 0.10 is desired, the corresponding recommended significance levels are 0.055, 0.039, or 0.031.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed2005

Parallax view.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Emetics↗
PubMed2001

Rethinking recommendations for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults.

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of disease worldwide; the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains emphasizes the importance of disease prevention by use of vaccines. Recent studies have provided information that is useful for the evaluation of current vaccine recommendations. Recommendations target most people who are at high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. However, higher risk has also been identified for African Americans and smokers, but these groups are not specifically targeted by current recommendations. The vaccine is effective against invasive disease in immunocompetent people, although studies in immunocompromised subjects have found few subgroups in which the vaccine appears to be effective. Questions with regard to optimal timing and indications for revaccination remain a challenge, because the duration of protection and effectiveness of revaccination remain unknown. New pneumococcal vaccines appear promising but will need to be tested against the performance of the polysaccharide vaccine. Improving delivery of the currently available pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine to adults who will benefit should be a high priority.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to help older people adhere to medication regimes.

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence is a common cause of treatment failure. The causes and context of non-adherence may differ amongst older people and reviews of interventions to improve adherence have tended to focus on the younger adult population. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of interventions to aid adherence to medication for older people over the age of 65. METHOD: Relevant papers identified by searching the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Database of Abstracts of Review of Effectiveness (Cochrane Library), Medline 1966-October 2002, Embase 1980-October 2002, Best Evidence, PsychINFO 1887-October 2002 and CINAHL 1982-October 2002. These were then hand-searched. The papers that fitted our inclusion criteria were selected. Two independent reviewers using an established tool assessed the studies for methodological quality. A non-statistical narrative approach was then taken to analyse the studies due to the heterogeneity of the outcome measures. RESULTS: 7 studies were identified. They used a variety of approaches involving external cognitive supports and/or educational interventions. Most studies were of poor methodological quality. Statistically significant effects, where present, tended to have small effects clinically. CONCLUSIONS: Currently there is no strong evidence to support the use of any one intervention type. Future research should use combinations of approaches, as there is some evidence that these are more likely to be successful.

Aged↗