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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Reproductive Performance and Three-Dimension-Ultrasound Volume Determination of Polycystic Ovaries after Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling

Laparoscopic treatment of polycystic ovaries is a less invasive technique than ovarian wedge resection by laparotomy and is associated with less adhesion formation. Furthermore, the results appear to be superior. The purpose of the current study was to determine the changes in the ovarian volume and the reproductive outcome after laparoscopic treatment of polycystic ovaries. We studied 34 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who failed to ovulate with clomiphene and who subsequently underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling. A standard procedure was done by a single surgeon using an insulated needle electrode. In six patients, ultrasound examination was performed to determine three-dimensional volume before surgery, and 1 week and 3 weeks postoperatively. Preoperative volume was 12.2 &plusmn; 1.8 cm3 and 1 week after surgery it was 13.6 &plusmn; 1.5 cm3. The ovarian volume 3 weeks after surgery (6.9 &plusmn; 1.3 cm3) was significantly smaller than that before surgery (p <0.05). Ovulation after the procedure occurred in 30 women (88.2%). Using life table analysis, the cumulative probability of conception at 12-month follow-up was 70% (median 8.1 mo). Two patients (6%) who did not ovulate with gonadotropin previously refused further expectant treatment after surgery and conceived in the first cycle of gonadotropin treatment. Aside from these women, the majority of pregnancies (76%) occurred spontaneously, and 18% conceived with clomiphene. We observed for the first time that there is a temporary swelling of the ovary after laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Subsequently, the volume decreases to the size smaller than the preoperative volume. Laparoscopic treatment of polycystic ovaries in women with PCOS who fail clomiphene therapy is associated with an ovulation rate of 88.2% and a pregnancy rate of 70% at 12-month follow-up.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Effects of 6-mercaptopurine treatment on sperm production and reproductive performance: a study in male mice.

OBJECTIVE: Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine interact in purine metabolism and DNA synthesis, thus their potential mutagenic effects have been of concern in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in patients of childbearing age. Although several clinical studies have indicated their safety in both reproduction and pregnancy, in a recent large epidemiological study concerns were raised about their adverse effects in pregnant patients with IBD, and experimental or basic data on this subject are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate sperm production, sperm quality, and reproductive outcome following prolonged 6-MP administration to male mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Highly inbred Balb/c adult male mice were used. 6-MP at doses of 2, 5, and 8 mg/kg (n = 9 for each group) was given daily for 51 days and the treatment group was compared with controls. After 45 days of treatment, the mice were mated with females. Following 13 days of pregnancy, the products of conception were evaluated and live fetuses were examined for gross malformations. Sperm production and morphology were examined after 51 days of 6-MP administration. RESULTS: Treatment with 6-MP at all doses did not affect sperm morphology and sperm production in the testicular tubules, as compared with controls (70% normal sperm). However, pregnancy rates were inversely related to escalating doses of 6-MP: 55%, 41%, 28%, and 16% for control, 2, 5, and 8 mg/kg groups, respectively. Resorption rates (abortions) were 21% in the control group as compared with 45-50% in all the treatment groups, but the incidence of major congenital malformations was not increased. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term 6-MP treatment in male mice did not impair sperm production and sperm morphology. However, a significantly high rate of embryonic resorption indicated occult sperm damage. Thus, normal sperm analysis does not necessarily imply that sperm damage at genetic level did not occur. It is difficult to extrapolate from these results to the clinical use of 6-MP/azathioprine in IBD patients; however, further basic genetic testing for DNA damage and clinical follow-up are warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Response of animals to dietary gramine. II. Effects of feeding high-gramine yellow lupin seeds on reproductive performance of rats and on selected hematological and biochemical parameters in offspring.

Two groups of 26 male and 26 female rats at the initial age 30 +/- 2 days were fed during 31 weeks on diets containing 20 percent of yellow lupin seeds having low (LG) or high (HG) gramine content. The animals were mated twice within nutritional groups, 1 male: 1 female, and their main reproductive parameters were recorded. In both reproductive cycles body weight of females at mating, after parturition and after 21-days lactation was lower in HG than in LG group. Fertility rate and body weight of neonates were not affected by the diet while number of neonates per litter tended to be lower by 0.7 and 0.8 pups in HG than in LG group. Body weight of weaners was also substantially smaller in dams fed on HG than LG diet. Relative weight of spleen but not of liver, kidney and heart was significantly greater in HG females. Four weeks old males and females issued from the first litters born to LG and HG animals (ten males and ten females per treatment) were fed individually on respective diets during 3 weeks. Feed intake and growth rate did not differ between the treatments. In males relative weight of liver and testicles was greater, while hematocrit and red blood count were lower in HG than in LG group. In females organ weights did not differ. Activity of liver enzymes determined in males was not affected by the diet. It may be concluded that high-gramine lupin affects negatively lactational performance, probably via lower feed intake, but it does not induce apparent teratogenic effects in the progeny.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1985

Reproductive performance of sows fed elevated calcium and phosphorus levels during growth and development.

A cooperative regional study (S-145) involving 586 farrowings was conducted at five state experiment stations (Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia) to determine the influence of feeding elevated Ca and P levels during growth and development on general reproductive efficiency and longevity of confined, housed females kept for three consecutive parities. Two dietary Ca and P levels (100 vs 150% of 1979 NRC-recommended amounts) were fed ad libitum from weaning to 100 kg. A diet containing .8% Ca and .6% P was limit-fed to all gilts and to all sows during gestation and lactation. Growth rate and feed efficiency from weaning to 100 kg were similar (P greater than .10) for gilts fed 100 vs 150% Ca and P levels. A similar total number of litters (292 vs 294) was farrowed by each previous treatment group. From the previously-fed-100% Ca and P group, 78 and 65% of the sows that completed the first parity completed the second and third farrowing, respectively. Similarly, from the previously-fed-150% Ca and P group, 81 and 57% completed the second and third farrowing, respectively. Across all locations, total pigs born, live pigs born, stillborns, birth weight, number and weight of pigs at 21 d of age, sow weight at 110 d of gestation and at weaning did not differ (P greater than .10) between the two previously fed sow groups. There were significant location and farrowing effects, but most two-way interactions with Ca and P levels were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗