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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effects of physical exercise on self-stimulation and appropriate responding in autistic children.

A major problem encountered with autistic children is their characteristic self-stimulatory behavior, which frequently interferes with on-task responding and other appropriate behaviors. However, the experimental literature suggests that with many populations, increased physical activity might positively influence subsequent responding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the use of increased physical activity (in this experiment, jogging) as a possible method of decreasing subsequent self-stimulatory behaviors as well as increasing subsequent appropriate responding. Seven autistic children with exceptionally high levels of self-stimulatory behavior participated in the investigation. Self-stimulatory and appropriate behaviors were measured both before and after jogging in a repeated-reversal design. The results demonstrated the following: (1) Brief jogging sessions produced decreases in subsequent levels of self-stimulatory behaviors and also produced increases in appropriate play and academic responding; (2) These changes after jogging were evident in three different experimental settings: during academic responding on preschool level tasks' in a clinic; during ball-playing in an outside play area; and in a quiet room, while no other activity was occurring; (3) Supplementary measures obtained in an applied classroom setting showed a similar relationship with both increases in on-task activity and general interest ratings for school tasks following the jogging sessions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Short- and long-term summation characteristics of electrical self-stimulation reward.

Using a Y-maze preference test paradigm, we examined the characteristics of the neural networks that integrate trains of rewarding stimulation pulses. Rats compared the rewarding effectiveness of various durations of a test reinforcement to those of 3 durations of a standard reinforcement. By changing the duration of the standard reinforcement while keeping the pulse frequency constant, we varied the stimulation magnitude to which the test reinforcement was being compared. This enabled us to examine the relationships between stimulation parameters both within a constant stimulation magnitude and across different stimulation magnitudes. The data were inconsistent with a simple integrating system with a single decay time constant such as is usually assumed. They can most parsimoniously be accounted for by two systems having quite widely differing time constants. The time constant of the first integrator is ca. 450 ms, whereas that of a second integrator is ca. 6.5 s.

Animals↗