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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The syringe in the machine.

This paper is a report on focus-group discussions with Western Australian and South Australian injecting drug users and South Australian drug workers, about the feasibility of and issues surrounding the introduction of needle-and-syringe vending machines in Australia. Injecting drug users and workers supported the idea of introducing vending machines in Australia to complement existing services that provide sterile injecting equipment. The participants emphasised that the machines should be provided in addition to existing services. Possible adverse effects of their introduction included concerns for the safety of minors who are not drug users. The potential benefits to public health includes further reducing that proportion of the sharing of injecting equipment that is related to unavailability of sterile equipment (usually at times when other services do not operate).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Building a city wide service for exchanging needles and syringes.

How best can injecting drug misusers obtain clean injecting equipment in a city where drug injecting is widespread? An exchange service for needles and syringes throughout Glasgow has been established in health centres and clinics in the evening. Over the past four years seven new exchanges have been opened and over 2700 injecting drug misusers have attended. Attendances rose from under 1000 in 1988 to 28,000 in 1992. The exchanges also provide a wide range of other health and social services. Public hostility to the exchanges has abated. During the same period equipment sharing in the city diminished and the observed prevalence of HIV among injecting drug misusers stabilised at around 1%.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1997

Titrated intravenous opioids from the same syringe: an infection risk?

OBJECTIVE: (1) To compare the rate of contamination of syringes prepared under laminar flow conditions in pharmacy with those prepared by nurses in the emergency department; (2) to determine whether the time elapsed since preparation or number of doses given affected the contamination rate; (3) to determine whether any adverse effects resulted from bacterially contaminated drugs. METHODS: Prospective, blinded trial exploring the effect of method of preparation, time since preparation, and number of doses given on contamination rates and infective adverse events associated with bacterially contaminated specimens. RESULTS: The rate of bacterial contamination was 12% (95% confidence interval 6% to 18%). There was no difference in contamination rate in respect of method of preparation, number of doses given, or time since preparation. No infective complications were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Abandonment of titrated intravenous opioids is not justified by the results. However, there is concern about the use of this technique of pain control for immunocompromised patients and those with prosthetic heart valves.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1975

Determination of benzene and toluene in blood by means of a syringe-equilibration method using a small amount of blood.

A gas chromatographic determination of benzene and toluene in blood with a small amount of blood sample, 0.02 or 0.1 ml, is described. In the method an aliquot of the blood sample in a sealed hypodermic syringe of 2 ml capacity is equilibrated at 37 degrees C in a thermo-regulated water-bath. After establishing equilibrium 1 ml of overlying air is submitted to gas chromatographic analysis. The value of this method was verified by experiments in which men, rabbits, and rats were exposed to benzene and toluene mixtures of various concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

An automatic syringe for coronary occlusion in long-term collateralization studies.

A portable apparatus for performing repeated, brief coronary artery occlusions automatically in long-term chronic studies involving dogs and larger animals is described. The battery-operated, back-pack-carried device uses a motorized syringe driven by a digital-programmable timing circuit to inflate a coronary artery occluder for durations of 10 s to 3 min at intervals from 14 s to 16 h. A single battery charge produces 450 occlusions. The generated pressure is adjustable to 1,000 mmHg maximum. A separate fail-safe circuit monitors system operation to open a pressure-relief valve if occlusions exceed a preset duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Oxygen electrode syringe as an instrument for determining oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves.

A new instrument is described which simplifies the measurement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, using small volumes of blood. An oxygen electrode, as the plunger of a syringe accommodating increasing volumes of blood at predetermined levels of saturation with oxygen, measures the amount of dissolved oxygen in the plasma, which is proportional to the gas tension.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1979

A new aspiration-needle syringe for percutaneous renal biopsy.

We report a renal biopsy technique utilizing the disposable Jamshidi Aspiration Needle-Syringe. The equipment and procedure described greatly simplify and speed up the procedure while ensuring adequate sampling of tissue and decreasing the likelihood of complications.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

Drug combinations in syringe drivers: the compatibility and stability of diamorphine with cyclizine and haloperidol.

The compatibility and stability of 2B combinations of diamorphine hydrochloride (5-100 mg/ml) with cyclizine lactate (5-50 mg/ml), eight combinations of diamorphine (10-100 mg/ml) with haloperidol (2-4 mg/ml) and eight combinations of all three drugs was assessed after storage in 1 ml polypropylene syringes. Samples were stored for periods up to seven days in the light and at room temperature (22 degrees C). Five combinations of diamorphine with cyclizine precipitated immediately upon preparation. After analysis and determination of t90% values (the time taken for 10% degradation). 16 of the remaining 23 combinations were judged to be compatible (no signs of crystallization or precipitation) and stable (less than 10% loss of potency of either drug) after storage for 24 h. After seven days storage only four remained compatible and stable. The results indicate that ratios of diamorphine to cyclizine of 1:1 are stable at concentrations up to 20 mg/ml. An increase in diamorphine concentration necessitates a reduction in cyclizine to 10 mg/ml, and an increase in cyclizine concentration necessitates a reduction in concentration of diamorphine to 15 mg/ml to maintain stability over 24 h. All the combinations of diamorphine with haloperidol remained compatible and stable for seven days. The addition of haloperidol (2 mg/ml) to the diamorphine and cyclizine combinations had no detrimental effect on their compatibility and stability. A stability curve is included as an easy way for palliative care personnel to avoid potential problems with incompatibilities and reduced stability when using these combinations. Furthermore, to reduce the possibility of precipitation with mixtures containing cyclizine, the use of 0.9% sodium chloride should be avoided.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1993

Use of a new syringe pump (Springfusor) for muscle relaxant infusion.

A new spring-driven syringe pump (Springfusor 10, Go Medical Industries, Subiaco, W.A.) was evaluated for infusion of muscle relaxants in 50 surgical cases. After an initial bolus dose, atracurium was given at a rate of 25 to 37.5 mg/hour and vecuronium at a rate of 4 to 6 mg/hour. The mean infusion rate was found to be 4% above the nominal rate of 5 ml/hour and the accuracy in all cases was within +/- 20%. The Springfusor was found to be rugged, cheap and easy to use. It lacks dose flexibility but is suitable for continuous background infusion of muscle relaxants during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of inverted nipples using a disposable syringe.

Seven mothers who had inverted nipples were helped to breastfeed their infants with the assistance of a simple device made from a 10 ml disposable syringe. These women were able to successfully breastfeed within one week. On follow-up, these mothers were able to sustain adequate breastfeeding.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1988

Stability of terbutaline sulfate injection stored in plastic tuberculin syringes.

Terbutaline sulfate injection was drawn up into plastic tuberculin syringes and stored under four conditions: exposed to ambient (fluorescent) light at room temperature (23-25 degrees C) and under refrigeration (2-8 degrees C) and protected from light at room temperature and under refrigeration. The terbutaline sulfate content was determined one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven weeks after initial storage. The analytical method employed was the United States Pharmacopoeia XXI colorimetric procedure. Under all four storage conditions terbutaline sulfate concentration was greater than 90 percent of initial concentration at all time periods.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed2000

The compatibility and stability of octreotide acetate in the presence of diamorphine hydrochloride in polypropylene syringes.

Varying concentrations of octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) and diamorphine hydrochloride were prepared and stored in polypropylene syringes at 37 degrees C in the dark. The solutions were analysed for octreotide acetate content using a validated HPLC method at regular intervals over a 48-h period. The results indicate that octreotide acetate remains stable in the presence of diamorphine hydrochloride at 37 degrees C for 24 h. In addition, the solutions prepared maintained their clarity, with no signs of precipitation upon visual examination under normal light conditions.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1992

Syringe loading introduces macromolecules into living mammalian cell cytosol.

We describe a simple, efficient, gentle and inexpensive technique for the introduction of normally impermeant macromolecules into the cytosol of living mammalian cells growing in suspension or attached to the culturing substratum. Loading is achieved by the production of transient, survivable plasma membrane disruptions as cells are passed back and forth through a standard syringe needle or similar narrow orifice. The loading volume required, which contains cells and the macromolecule to be loaded, can be as little as 5 microliters, thus minimizing the use of valuable reagents. In addition, we report that the surfactant molecule, Pluronic F-68, is capable of altering the physical properties of the plasma membrane in such a way as to increase loading efficiency and the long-term survivability of cells loaded by this and other mechanically based cell-loading techniques.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2005

Effective breakage of phage lambda DNA by shearing with ceramic-coated needle of syringe.

The loss of biological activity of phage lambda DNA was much greater when the DNA was sheared using a ceramic-coated needle attached to a syringe compared with a conventional stainless steel needle. Inactivation of the biological activity was due to breakage at the middle of the molecule. The thickness of the ceramic-coating was a crucial factor for the breakage. Because approximately the same level of inactivation was observed with a non-coated needle as with thin glass and quartz tubes, it was concluded that the unknown characteristic(s) of the silicon nitride (SiNx) coating itself resulted in the effective breakage of lambda DNA molecules by shearing force.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed2001

The safe use of syringe drivers for palliative care: an action research project.

A palliative care team in north Scotland identified serious drug errors occurring in the local health-care trust. These were connected with the use of variable rate syringe drivers (IVAC P100) to deliver pain and symptom management rather than the more suitable Graseby MS26. An action research approach was taken to effecting change. An educational workshop was set up which 23 nurses attended. Clinical support was provided and 3 months later an evaluation was carried out. Of the 13 nurses who had used an MS26, most were able to correctly follow the process of setting up the driver and had made appropriate observations, but drug calculations were a problem. Change was stated to have taken place in seven clinical areas but the degree of change was variable. Facilitators and obstacles to the change process are identified and recommendations made for the next round in the action research cycle.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of training on the use of Graseby syringe drivers for rural nonspecialist nurses.

AIM: to assess the impact of a training programme on nurse confidence in: setting up the Graseby syringe driver (GSD); explaining the GSD to patient and family; setting the rate on the GSD; putting appropriate type and dose of drugs in the GSD. STUDY DESIGN: training programme with pre-training, post-training and follow-up questionnaires. SAMPLE AND SETTING: palliative care nurse consultants presented half-day training sessions to 270 non-specialist nurses throughout the rural Grampians Health Region of Victoria, Australia. Nurses were from rural acute and sub-acute care settings, aged care facilities, and district nursing and nurse education services. MEASUREMENTS: demographic details of participants, previous experience and training with GSDs, comparative analyses of the four confidence parameters and participants' assessment of interest, new knowledge and usefulness of the training programme. RESULTS: increases in confidence levels were found in participating nurses in relation to each of the four confidence parameters. A follow-up survey tested residual benefit three months after the training programme. Statistically significant variations were found in nurses' confidence levels in relation to frequency of use. CONCLUSIONS: regular use of, and/or refresher sessions about the GSD are recommended to maintain optimum confidence, effective and safe nursing use of the GSD in palliative care.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗