PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Behavioral problems”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

In search of effective programs to address students' emotional distress and behavioral problems. Part II: Critique of school- and community-based programs.

Part I of this article discussed the dimensions of students' emotional distress and behavioral problems and proposed school programs to address it. This section evaluates the school- and community-based programs advocated in educational, psychological, and psychiatric journals over the past five years. Twenty-nine articles were selected, and the programs classified by location, focus, and format. Their merits and limitations based on their results are discussed. This review found that (1) some programs poorly defined the study populations; (2) emotional distress was not included as a criterion; (3) a strictly behavioral approach or narrow focus on specific populations or issues prevailed. Only four programs used emotional expression and social support; (4) outcome measures focused on specific behaviors with only one study evaluating the emotional outcome; (5) none addressed the student's acceptance of the program; (6) only five measured the outcome beyond the immediate termination of the intervention, and only to a limited degree. While the programs reviewed support the likelihood that such interventions may be helpful, definitive conclusions which can be generalized to average high school students are still lacking. Recommendations for future school-based programs are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detecting and addressing developmental and behavioral problems in primary care.

Pediatric primary care clinicians usually offer a range of in-office services designed to detect and address developmental and behavioral problems. Research suggests that selecting among these services is difficult because fewer than 30% of children with disabilities are detected by their health care providers. Undetected children fail to receive early intervention, which has substantive benefits in improving high school graduation and employment rates, and reducing teen pregnancy and criminal activities. Fortunately, many recently published tools help detect the majority of children with problems. Measures relying on information from parents are flexible, brief, and accurate. One of the briefest tools. Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), also offers an evidenced-based approach that helps clinicians decide when to refer, screen, advise, or reassure families or observe children more carefully over time.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Integrating cognitive-behavioral and expressive therapy interventions:applying the trauma outcome process in treating children with sexually abusive behavior problems.

This article presents intervention strategies based on the Trauma Outcome Process, an integrated treatment model for guiding clinical practice with children with sexually abusive behavior problems. The steps for completing a comprehensive assessment are reviewed, and strategies are presented to help clinicians create a therapeutic alliance and increase these children's self-awareness of their thoughts, feelings, and body sensations. Treatment techniques based on an integrated approach combining cognitive-behavioral and expressive therapy approaches are described. These exercises help children accept responsibility for sexually inappropriate behavior and select adaptive responses for coping with the effects of traumatic experiences.

Awareness↗
PubMed1994

Strong and weak principles for progressing from precontemplation to action on the basis of twelve problem behaviors.

Two principles for progressing from the precontemplation stage of change to the action stage were discovered. The strong principle states that progression from precontemplation to action is a function of approximately a 1 standard deviation increase in the pros of a health behavior change. The weak principle states that progression from precontemplation to action is a function of approximately a 1/2 standard deviation decrease in the cons of a health behavior change. In Study 1, these principles were derived from cross-sectional data on 12 problem behaviors relating the pros and cons of changing to the stages of change. In Study 2, these principles were validated on cross-sectional data from an independent sample of 1,466 smokers. Discussion focuses on the implications of these principles for individual psychology and public health policy.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Genetics and developmental psychopathology: 2. The main effects of genes and environment on behavioral problems in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development.

Little is known about the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to risk for juvenile psychopathology. The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development allows these contributions to be estimated. A population-based, unselected sample of 1412 Caucasian twin pairs aged 8-16 years was ascertained through Virginia schools. Assessment of the children involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews with both twins and both parents using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). Self-report questionnaires were also completed by parents, children, and teachers. Measures assessed DSM-III-R symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Overanxious Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Depressive Disorder. Factorially derived questionnaire scales were also extracted. Scores were normalized and standardized by age and sex. Maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate contributions of additive and nonadditive genetic effects, the shared and unique environment, and sibling imitation or contrast effects. Estimates were tested for heterogeneity over sexes. Generally, monozygotic (MZ) twins correlated more highly than dizygotic (DZ) twins, parental ratings more than child ratings, and questionnaire scales more highly than interviews. DZ correlations were very low for measures of ADHD and DZ variances were greater than MZ variances for these variables. Correlations sometimes differed between sexes but those for boy-girl pairs were usually similar to those for like-sex pairs. Most of the measures showed small to moderate additive genetic effects and moderate to large effects of the unique individual environment. Measures of ADHD and related constructs showed marked sibling contrast effects. Some measures of oppositional behavior and conduct disorder showed shared environmental effects. There were marked sex differences in the genetic contribution to separation anxiety, otherwise similar genetic effects appear to be expressed in boys and girls. Effects of rater biases on the genetic analysis are considered. The study supports a widespread influence of genetic factors on risk to adolescent psychopathology and suggests that the contribution of different types of social influence may vary consistently across domains of measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Emotional intelligence and adaptive success of nurses caring for people with mental retardation and severe behavior problems.

The emotional intelligence profiles, gender differences, and adaptive success of 380 Dutch nurses caring for people with mental retardation and accompanying severe behavior problems are reported. Data were collected with the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, Utrecht-Coping List, Utrecht-Burnout Scale, MMPI-2, and GAMA. Absence due to illness and job change were measured across a 2-year period. A clear relation between emotional intelligence and adaptive success was detected at an.01 level of significance. A negative correlation was found between emotional intelligence and both burnout and psychopathology. Emotional intelligence did not appear to be related to absence or job change. Based on these findings, training programs for nurses can possibly help to avoid employee burnout.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Activity group counseling for learning-disabled children with behavior problems.

One of the most difficult problems confronting occupational therapists, teachers, and parents in dealing with latency-age learning-disabled children is handling oppositional behavior. Pre-adolescent boys, in particular, frequently have difficulty working cooperatively in a group, relating to peers, staying with a task, and seeing the consequences of their actions. This paper provides a rationale for treatment of children in groups and describes the development and early results of an activity group approach to counseling learning-disabled children with behavior problems using Gazda's developmental model. Group members showed improved ability to relate with siblings and peers; more mature and cooperative behavior; greater independence and impulse control; and increased verbal expression of anger. Parent and teacher feedback on behavior changes was positive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Combining descriptive and experimental analyses of young children with behavior problems in preschool settings.

This investigation shows the merits of preceding experimental analyses with descriptive analyses of functional variables with preschool children who engage in problematic behavior. A two-phase descriptive analysis was conducted in daycare settings with three children. In Phase 1, the authors assessed the relation between child behavior and structural events. During Phase 2, the same behavior was replotted by functional variables. The results showed that when the descriptive data were plotted via functional variables, specific hypotheses could be generated regarding the variables controlling appropriate behavior. This procedure permitted the subsequent use of very brief experimental analyses to further identify functional relations. The use of descriptive analyses of functional rather than structural variables may be an important component in the assessment of problem behavior in community settings.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Behavioral problems in dementia patients and salivary cortisol patterns in caregivers.

This study examines cortisol profiles in caregivers of dementia patients and their relationship to patients' behavioral problems. Salivary cortisol profiles and cortisol response to awakening were measured in 57 caregivers and 55 noncaregiver comparison subjects. Caregivers showed significantly higher levels of cortisol at the time of morning awakening than did comparison subjects, with a smaller increase after awakening. A higher cortisol awakening response was found in caregivers of patients with high versus low levels of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Elevated morning cortisol levels could predispose caregivers to negative health consequences, with caregivers of patients with BPSD at greater risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Maternal depressive mood: the role of the father in preventing adolescent problem behaviors.

The current study examines the role of the father-adolescent relationship as a buffer for maternal depressive mood in a nonclinic young adolescent sample (n = 282). Internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as grade point average, were examined. Results indicated that, for all three variables, maternal depressive mood was associated with poorer functioning. Of most importance, for internalizing and externalizing problems, a good father-adolescent relationship served to buffer the adolescent from maternal depressed mood. This effect existed regardless of the gender of the adolescent or parental marital status. The findings suggest that behavior problems are associated with even mild levels of one family stressor, maternal depressive mood, and that these problems can be counteracted through an intrafamilial support system--the father. Implications for the behavior therapist are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of the D4 dopamine receptor gene variation on behavior problems at 6 years of age].

Association of the 7-repeat allele of the D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) exon 3 polymorphism with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is well-established, and a link with mother-reported aggressiveness was also found in healthy pre-schoolers assessed by the quantitative scale of the Child Behavior Checklist. In the present study, we hypothesized that children carrying the 7-repeat allele would show more attention problems and externalizing (aggressive and delinquent) behavior at 6 years of age. Further, we hypothesized a potential mediating role of early temperament in the relationship of DRD4 gene with behavior problems. Mothers filled in the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist for 88 six-year-old firstborn children (51 boys, 35 girls) followed from birth. Mother-reported temperament for the same children was assessed by the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire at 12 months. Genotypes of the DRD4 repeat polymorphism were determined using buccal cells. Significant main effects of gender and DRD4 genotype were observed on 6-year behavioral problems. Boys showed more attention problems and externalizing behavior, and children lacking the 7-repeat variant showed more externalizing and internalizing behavior. These effects remained significant after controlling for 1-year temperament. Our results did not confirm the negative effect of the 7-repeat allele on attention problems and externalizing behavior measured on quantitative scales. On the contrary, we found elevated problem scores in the absence of the 7-repeat allele. Further research including environmental risk factors is needed to clarify the role of the DRD4 gene in the development of externalizing behavior.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of peer rejection and externalizing behavior problems in preschool boys: a short-term longitudinal study.

We examined the longitudinal stability of measures of negative peer status and aggressive-disruptive behavior in preschool boys. Subjects were 53 white 4- to 5-year-old boys from low-income family backgrounds. Peer sociometric measures of rejection and behavioral deviance were assessed in the fall and spring of the preschool year. Complementary measures were also obtained from teachers at both assessment points. Half of the boys designated as rejected on the basis of peer nominations maintained this status at the end of the preschool year. Teachers and peers did not agree on their selections of socially rejected children, but had good agreement concerning the identification of children with externalizing-type behavior problems. Finally, teacher and peer classifications of aggressive-disruptive children were highly stable throughout the preschool year. These findings indicate that peer-rejected children can be identified at very young ages, and that preschoolers can be reliable informants about the social maladjustment of peers.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed2002

A cohort study of behavioral problems and intelligence in children with high prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure.

BACKGROUND: In 1978, about 2000 persons in Taiwan were poisoned when their cooking oil was contaminated during manufacture with heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls, which are toxic, very widespread pollutant chemicals. The chemicals cannot be metabolized or excreted, and 8 of the first 39 children born to affected women died. When examined in 1985, 117 surviving children were found to have ectodermal defects, developmental delay, and disordered behavior. We have continued to observe the children. METHODS: From 1992 through 1995, 118 children born between 1978 and 1985 (during or after their mothers' exposure) and 118 matched neighborhood control children had cognitive function measured yearly with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and behavioral problems measured with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and the Rutter Child Behavior Scale A. RESULTS: The exposed children scored 3 points (P =.05) lower than control children for IQ; 3 points (P =.002) higher on the Child Behavior Checklist (an effect size similar to the sex difference); and 6 points (P<.001) higher on the Rutter scale (3 times the sex difference). Birth year x exposure interactions, testing whether children born long after the exposure were as affected as those born soon after, were small and not significant. Age x exposure interactions, testing whether the children improved relative to control children as they got older, were significant only for the Rutter scale. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to these compounds produces long-lasting cognitive and behavioral damage, but there is some evidence of recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Familias Unidas: a family-centered ecodevelopmental intervention to reduce risk for problem behavior among Hispanic adolescents.

This paper describes the theoretical and empirical foundations of Familias Unidas, a multilevel, family-centered intervention designed to prevent problem behavior in Hispanic adolescents. The main theoretical tenets for the intervention model; an ecological-developmental perspective, the centrality of ethnic and cultural themes, application of empowerment principles, and a family focus are reviewed. The literature on the risk and protective factors that provided the justification for the intervention's targeted mediators and the core clinical applications that are intended to alter them are discussed. Familias Unidas engages Hispanic immigrant parents into an empowerment process in which they first build a strong parent-support network and then use the network to increase knowledge of culturally relevant parenting, strengthen parenting skills, and then apply these new skills in a series of activities designed to reduce risks frequently found in poor, urban environments. The available evidence supporting the efficacy of Familias Unidas is summarized, as are future goals and a current, second-generation application of the intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Family adversity in DSM-IV ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes and associated disruptive behavior problems.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the relationship between a family adversity index and DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes and associated behavior problems. The relationship of family adversity to symptoms and subtypes of ADHD was examined. METHOD: Parents and 206 children aged 7-13 completed diagnostic interviews and rating scales about socioeconomic status, parental lifetime psychiatric disorders, marital conflict, and stressful life events. RESULTS: Children with ADHD combined type experienced more risk factors than community controls (p = .002) or children with ADHD predominantly inattentive type (p = .02). The families of children with ADHD combined type described more risk factors associated with family adversity than the families of children with ADHD inattentive type and the control group. Parent-rated symptoms of child inattention/disorganization were related uniquely to the adversity index score independently of conduct disorder symptoms. Children's perceptions of marital conflict were independently related to inattention and hyperactivity behaviors as rated by parents and teachers after control of all other risk factors. Oppositional defiant symptoms were independently related to marital conflict and maternal psychopathology, whereas conduct disorder symptoms were uniquely related to low socioeconomic status and maternal psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Family adversity is related to ADHD combined type in children and may be related specifically to ADHD symptoms in addition to conduct disorder symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Early identification of emotional and behavioral problems in a primary care setting.

Adolescence is a time when many psychiatric disorders first manifest themselves. The challenge to pediatricians is to recognize early signs of behavioral problems in their adolescent patients. This review suggests several practical approaches to the detection, assessment, and treatment of emotional problems in adolescents within the time limits of a typical pediatric exam. The approaches presented range from general health supervision of all adolescents to more intensive evaluation of at-risk adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peer collaboration: accommodating students with mild learning and behavior problems.

This study examined the effectiveness of a structured problem-solving process, peer collaboration, as a means of assisting classroom teachers in developing and implementing alternative interventions for students with mild learning and behavior problems. The study included 48 elementary and junior high school teachers in the intervention group and 43 elementary school teachers in a comparison group. Results indicate that teachers in the intervention group increased their tolerance for the range of students' cognitive abilities. These teachers reconceptualized their understandings of classroom problems and successfully implemented interventions for 86% of the 70 problems they attempted to solve.

Behavior Therapy↗