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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The psychological effects of ionizing radiation.

This paper presents a case study of eleven men who were exposed to non-background ionizing radiation as active participants in the United States' atmospheric nuclear tests. Each of the subjects has developed a virtually identical complex of debilitating psychiatric symptoms. The content of these symptoms is almost entirely focused upon the health effects of the radiation to which each of the subjects was exposed. This symptom complex appears to comprise a syndrome. The symptom structure and course of this syndrome suggests three hypotheses: The syndrome appears to be a pathological development of the self diagnostic belief (that one has been physically harmed by radiation) into a set of symptoms that elaborate upon and express this belief. The self diagnostic belief develops as a means of resolving any one of the various medical mysteries that an individual can experience subsequent to exposure to radiation. Development of the syndrome is a consequence of exposure to non-background ionizing radiation. The paper discusses the evidence for these hypotheses and suggests future research directions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Counseling Army reservists and their families during Operation Desert Shield/Storm.

The hardships of war affect all members of society. Those most acutely affected are service members and their families. Civilian service personnel mobilized within an active reserve component experience a disruption of life style which can cause stress. Service members are trained to be effective soldiers, but very little training is provided to service members or their families on the wartime stresses they face. The psychiatric army reserve unit based in Minneapolis developed a family support program for three phases of wartime stress: (1) pre-deployment, (2) deployment, and (3) reunification and sustainment. Recommendations are provided for family support in future wartime situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Using longitudinal data to estimate nonresponse bias.

In a recent survey of depressive symptoms among former prisoners of war, longitudinal data were used to estimate nonresponse bias. A predictive model was fitted to the data of current respondents and then was used to predict the scores of nonrespondents who had earlier provided similar convariate data. This analysis showed that, despite differences between respondents and nonrespondents in age, education, and severity of treatment during captivity, differences between the observed scores of respondents and the predicted scores of nonrespondents were small. For an estimation of the overall impact of nonresponse bias, revised estimates for the entire sample were calculated by combining observed data from respondents and predicted data for nonrespondents; the revised estimates differed little from those for respondents alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Age, education, maltreatment, and social support as predictors of chronic depression in former prisoners of war.

This study examined the relationships of prisoner of war captivity trauma variables and individual protective variables to current depressive symptoms as indexed by the CES-D and its components. The sample consisted of 989 U.S. former POWs of World War II and the Korean War, who have been followed since the mid 1950s. Depressive symptoms persisted over 40 years later. Age, education, medical symptoms during captivity, and level of social support were related to later levels of adjustment. Theoretical and methodological implications of the findings were discussed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1996

Brainstem evoked potentials in three groups of prisoners after release from detention camp.

Brainstem evoked potentials (BAEPs) were determined in three groups of male prisoners of war (POWs) released from detention camps and a control group. The first group comprised 21 POWs in whom BAEPs were determined 10-60 days after release (group I). The second group comprised 24 POWs in whom BAEPs were determined 6-9 months after release (group II), and the third group comprised 22 POWs in whom BAEPs were determined 12-18 months after release (group III). The control group comprised 32 subjects. The following changes were found in relation to the control group: in group I significantly longer interpeak latencies (IPLs) P1-P3; in group II significantly longer IPLs P1-P3 and P3-P5; and in group III significantly longer IPLs P1-P3. The subjective symptomatology of the POWs and the results of a routine examination indicate subclinical functional changes of the central nervous system, reflecting the dynamics of these changes. It is suggested that the basis of these changes may be a demyelinization intrathecal process, which occurred as a result of immunological changes during prolonged and intensive post-traumatic stress syndrome.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed1989

PTSD and social functioning. A three year prospective study.

This longitudinal study assessed long term social functioning among two groups of Israeli soldiers: (a) front line soldiers who had been treated for combat stress reaction (CSR) during the 1982 Lebanon war (n = 213); and (b) matched controls who were front line soldiers participating in the same battles, but did not sustain a CSR (n = 116). Subjects were screened one, two, and three years after the war for PTSD and social functioning. Results indicated that CSR and PTSD casualties reported more problems in social functioning than controls. The link between PTSD and social functioning was stronger among PTSD veterans who had suffered an antecedent CSR episode. Time had a differential effect on the social functioning of CSR and control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A short form of the Mississippi Scale for measuring change in combat-related PTSD.

In large-scale surveys or program evaluations, investigators most often wish to assess multiple domains of functioning, while at the same time minimizing the overall length of the data collection protocols. In addition, studies of treatment interventions require instruments which offer the greatest opportunity of detecting change in the variables of interest. Toward these ends, we present an 11-item version of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD. The sample was composed of 436 war zone veterans who received specialized outpatient treatment for PTSD, and who were followed up in 4-month intervals for 1 year. Items were identified for inclusion in a short scale on half of the sample. The scale was then cross-validated on the other half. This short form of the Mississippi Scale has good internal consistency, good correspondence with the full scale, significant sensitivity to change in symptom severity, and significant relationships between change and clinicians' ratings of improvement after 1 year, number of treatment sessions received and number of months in treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Stress reactions of school-age children to the bombardment by Scud missiles: a 1-year follow-up.

Follow-up long-term stress effects to bombardment by scud missiles were restudied 1 year following the Persian Gulf war in a group of 326 6th, 8th, and 11th grade children from areas hit and not hit by the missiles. Postwar stress reactions were assessed by a continuous global symptom score (Frederick and Pynoos, 1988) and by a dichotomous PTSD index. Overall, a large drop in stress reactions was obtained with lapse of time. Residual long-term stress reactions were found to be associated with higher immediate (4-week) stress reactions, a greater degree of exposure, and younger age. Results were discussed in relation to residual and evaporation of stress reaction effect as well as in terms of childhood resilience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Vietnam combat exposure and recent drug use: a national study.

Traumatic life experiences may have long-term adverse psychological consequences, including illicit drug use. We analyzed data from the 1985-1986 Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study to investigate this issue. Over 2,400 Vietnam veterans indicated the amount of combat to which they had been exposed, and reported on their drug use while in the Army and during the year interval prior to the interview. Combat exposure was significantly related to recent drug use, even when Army drug use and demographic factors were controlled statistically.

Adult↗