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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Micro-explosion cystolithotripsy.

According to the newly established method of micro-explosion lithotripsy, a cystolithotriptor with an explosive catheter, the tip of which was charged with 5 mg. lead azide explosives, was developed. In 3 clinical cases bladder stones from 32 to 65 mm. in diameter were crushed successfully into several fragments by 1 to 8 explosions using the cystolithotriptor. The fragments then were smashed into grains with Young's cystoscope and washed out by aspiration. This success may prove the usefulness of micro-explosion lithotripsy, which also may be introduced for the treatment of calculi in other organs in the future.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

The association of urothelial abnormalities with neoplasia: a 10-year followup.

More than 10 years ago we reported on the histological appearance and clinical significance of random biopsies of the intervening urothelium in 100 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Although the biopsied mucosa appeared normal cystoscopically a surprisingly large number of abnormalities were found: only 5 per cent of the patients had normal urothelium, 40 per cent had established carcinoma in situ and the remaining 55 per cent had changes described variously as cystitis glandularis, atypia and metaplasia. In the intervening decade these patients have been followed carefully and have been reviewed to determine their fate. Of the original 100 cases 92 were sufficiently well documented to make a meaningful analysis. The outstanding finding was that patients with carcinoma in situ had a significantly worse outcome statistically than those with normal mucosa or nonmalignant aberrations regardless of the characteristics of the primary tumor and its grade or stage (p less than 0.001). A detailed analysis is presented in relation to the clinical and experimental findings, suggesting that patients with carcinoma in situ associated with the primary tumor may require treatment to supplement the initial tumor resection.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Intravesical ultrasound tomography in staging bladder carcinoma.

The staging of bladder carcinoma is most important for treatment and prognosis. Transurethral ultrasound scanning was done with a rotating 6 MHz. transducer interchangeable with the optic of a 24F cystoscope. Intravesical ultrasound tomography and computerized tomography were used to treat 28 patients with bladder carcinoma. The correlation between ultrasound and histopathological findings showed that local staging of bladder carcinoma is possible by transurethral scanning.

Humans↗

PubMed1982

Primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder (linitis plastica of the bladder): report of a case and review of the literature.

Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder is a rare tumor that usually presents as a diffuse and infiltrating neoplasm, similar to the linitis plastica type of gastric adenocarcinoma. We report the thirteenth case of primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder, which is documented by light microscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. the pertinent medical literature is reviewed and analyzed. In general, this tumor present with hematuria and irritative symptoms, and may yield equivocal radiologic and cystoscopic findings. It is characterized by a rather rapid growth rate, infiltration of the surrounding pelvic organs, and variable response to radiotherapy and radical surgery. The prognosis is apparently favorably modified by early detection of localized forms of the tumor and aggressive treatment.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1982

Segmental irradiation of the bladder with neodymium YAG laser irradiation.

The Neodymium YAG laser energy source can be readily adapted for cystoscopic use by some simple modifications of existing urologic equipment. Both the fiberoptic resectoscope and a deflecting cystourethroscope have been adapted for this purpose. Fixation of the fiber tip 1 cm. from the target and use of a divergent beam of 36 degrees allows the delivery of standardized dosage to a relatively large bladder tissue volume. Animal experiments involving 35 mongrel dogs established that repetitive overlapping doses of 200 joules ech can successfully treat a large area of bladder resulting in a full thickness bladder wall injury. This technique has been used in 4 high risk patients with infiltrating bladder cancer without adverse sequelae. The ability to reliably produce a full thickness lesion may give this modality a therapeutic advantage over conventional cautery techniques especially for the treatment of residual infiltrative carcinoma.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1982

Intermittent irrigation system for dissolution of renal calculi monitored by computer.

An intermittent irrigation system was tested in vitro and in a clinical case. In vitro experiments showed that the intermittent irrigation was more efficient to dissolve calculi compared to the continuous irrigation. The pelvic irrigation was performed clinically by a cystoscopically passed angiographic catheter. The system could be operated in constant low pressure without supervision. The result shows that this system will be safe and valuable for pelvic irrigation.

Catheterization↗

PubMed1981

Percutaneous transrenal placement of indwelling ureteral catheters.

Indwelling ureteral catheters can be used for long-term drainage of the upper urinary tract in the management of distal ureteral obstruction. Ureteral catheters cannot always be passed cystoscopically in a retrograde manner. However, it may be possible to place an indwelling ureteral catheter through a percutaneous nephrostomy in an antegrade fashion. This technique and exemplary patients are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1981

Simultaneous occurrence of transitional, squamous and adenocarcinoma of the bladder after 15 years of cyclophosphamide ingestion.

We report on a patient who had a urothelial tumor with tri-differentiation into transitional squamous and adenocarcinoma after ingestion of 285 gm. cyclophosphamide during a 15-year-period. The possibility is again raised that the use of high doses of this drug over long periods may be associated with an increased incidence of carcinoma of the bladder. Frequent cystoscopic examinations may be warranted in patients who have received large cumulative amounts of the drug

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1981

The effect of mitomycin C on superficial bladder cancer.

A course of intravesical mitomycin C, consisting of 8 weekly doses of 30 or 40 mg., was evaluated in 16 patients with superficial bladder cancer (stages O and A). Cystoscopically documented tumor was destroyed completely in 11 patients (69 per cent), while 3 patients exhibited partial tumor regression. Two patients had only multifocal, grade 3 carcinoma in situ and both had a complete response with negative biopsies and cytology at the 12-week evaluation. Toxicity was minimal. Further data, including longer followup, are needed to define the potentially promising role of this agent in the over-all management of superficial bladder cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1980

Transurethral and transrectal ultrasonic scanning in urology.

An ultrasonic scanner is described that can be used for transurethral as well as for transrectal scanning of the bladder, the prostate and the seminal vesicles. Transurethral scanning is performed as an integral part of a cystoscopy procedure, with a small rotating transducer through the cystoscope. Transrectal scanning is done with a larger transducer inside a water-filled balloon inserted into the rectum. We examined 200 patients with the scanner. The bladder was visualized best by the transurethral scanning, while the rectal approach was preferable for examination of the prostate and the seminal vesicles. The method has proved especially useful in staging bladder tumors and prostatic cancer, in estimating prostatic size and in detecting pathology, such as abscesses in the prostate and the seminal vesicles.

Humans↗

PubMed1980

Utricular configuration in hypospadias and intersex.

To evaluate the incidence and significance of an enlarged prostatic utricle in hypospadiac patients without underlying intersex 44 patients with the meatus located in the perineum, penoscrotal junction or proximal two-thirds of the penis were evaluated with cystourethroscopy immediately before the operation. There was an abnormally enlarged utricle in 57 per cent of the perineal, 10 per cent of the penoscrotal and none of the penile hypospadias and intersex revealed a high incidence of enlarged utricle or the presence of a vagina masculinus. Utricular enlargement in itself doses not indicate intersexuality but careful cystoscopic examination of its vault needs to be undertaken, searching for a cervix. An enlarged utricle can be a manifestation of delayed mullerian duct regression or decreased androgenic stimulation of the urogenital sinus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1979

Fibroepithelial polyp of the verumontanum: a case report and review of the literature.

A fibrous polyp of the verumontanum in a 10-year-old boy is described. The diagnosis, treatment and histology are discussed and the literature is reviewed. Perhaps this lesion will be noted more frequently with the availability of improved radiographic and cystoscopic techniques. The treatment has been greatly simplified with the advent of the pediatric resectoscope.

Child↗

PubMed1978

Evaluation of bladder washing cytology for bladder cancer surveillance.

Urinary cytology is almost as accurate as cystoscopy in appraising the presence or absence of visible tumor. Falsely negative results are virtually limited to low stage, low grade tumors. Urinary cytology often provides information about the neoplastic state of the epithelium not provided by cystoscopic examination. Cytology has become practical and simple to do even as an office procedure. Urinary cytology must be considered an essential part of patient management in bladder cancer surveillance.

Cytodiagnosis↗

PubMed1978

Partial cystectomy in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Between 1950 and 1974, 35 men and 10 women underwent partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Indications, contraindications and the principles of technique for partial cystectomy as therapy for transitional cell tumors of the bladder are discussed. All patients were evaluated postoperatively, with cystoscopic examination every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 3 years and then at yearly intervals if no tumors had been detected. None of the patients received preoperative irradiation. Eight ureters were re-implanted and 6 prostate glands were enucleated at the time of partial cystectomy. There was 1 death in the immediate postoperative period. Complications developed in 13 patients, 3 of which were considered major. When recurrences were noted appropriate therapy was performed as indicated. Irradiation was the most commonly used method to treat distant metastases. The over-all 5-year survival rate is 57.7% (26 patients). Thirty-four patients were followed for 10 years. The survival rate for this group of patients was 32.4% (11 patients). The results of this study correlate well with other published reports.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

A preliminary study of chemotherapeutic treatment for bladder tumors.

Our objective was to develop new methods of chemotherapeutic treatment for bladder tumors. Once or twice a week under cystoscopy 10 to 20 mg, doxorubicin hydrochloride were administered directly into the tumors. This procedure was repeated until the size of the tumors was reduced or had disappeared completely under cystoscopic study. A new type of flexible needle was fabricated for this purpose. In 9 patients studied the total success rate was 78%. No significant side effects were seen in any of the patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

Early detection but delayed appearance of a bladder tumor.

Herein is described a case of bladder cancer first detected by urinary cytology 20 years before a definite cystoscopic diagnosis could be established. To our knowledge, this represents the longest such interval on record. The case indicates the reliability of Papanicolaou studies of the urine, especially when tumor cells are identified.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1977

Urachal remnants: benign or malignant?

Two cases are presented with cystoscopically visible cystic urachal remnants. The initial clinical findings, including bladder biopsies, were remarkably similar. Partial cystectomy with removal of the urachal cord alone clarified the actual disease. The inability to separate the malignant and the benign urachal lesion by other means suggests the necessity of total surgical extirpation. Perhaps this approach may result in an improvement in the generally poor prognosis for urachal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1977

Massive hematuria and perforation in a case of amyloidosis of the bladder: case report and review of the literature.

To our knowledge this is the first time that perforation of the bladder has been reported in a case of amyloidosis. The perforation was caused by massive hematuria. Based on repeated cystoscopic observations we believe that this alteration of the bladder wall is progressive and caused by the damaging effect of a continuing growing clot on poorly vascularized tissues. A review of 5 other cases of secondary amyloidosis complicated by massive hematuria indicates that hemorrhage occurs in advanced stages of the disease, has a gloomy prognosis and may precipitate the final outcome.

Amyloidosis↗