American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children With Disabilities. Pediatric services for infants and children with special health care needs.
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Child↗
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Results for “DISABLED CHILDREN”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Depression and learning disabilities in children.
Occurrence of learning disabilities was determined in 30 inpatient children aged 6-12 with major depressive disorder (MDD). Learning disabilities (LD) occurred seven times more often compared to community base rates (33% v 4.7%). While rates of comorbid diagnoses, severity of depression, and children's and parents' reports (DICA-C, DICA-P) did not differ between groups, teachers' reports (TRS, TRF) indicated increased classroom problems and poorer adaptive functioning in MDD/LD subjects (P < 0.0001).
Child↗
Narrative abilities of children with learning disabilities and nondisabled children: story structure, cohesion, and propositions.
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Age Factors↗
Parental reports of community activity patterns: a comparison between young children with disabilities and their nondisabled peers.
The extent and nature of community activities of families of children with disabilities in comparison with their nondisabled peers were examined. Parents of 82 children with disabilities and 132 children without disabilities, ages 2 through 5 years, completed a Demographic Questionnaire, Community Activities Questionnaire (CAQ), and Parent Experience Survey (PES). The CAQ assessed frequency of child participation in age-appropriate community activities, and the PES was a retrospective self-evaluation by parents of the experience of introducing the child to common community settings. Both groups of parents reported highly similar experiences when shopping with their children, although parents of children with disabilities reported more fear and risk associated with public settings. Overall, parents of children with disabilities reported participation in fewer community activities than parents of children without disabilities. This difference was largely accounted for by a lower level of participation by families having children with disabilities in a subset of activities that reflect opportunities for family enrichment.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Poverty, welfare reform, and disproportionate rates of disability among children.
The relationship between poverty and risks associated with childhood disability were explored. I examined some recent findings in various states regarding people who have remained dependent on Temporary Assistance for Needy Persons for support and the national prevalence studies of disability among children, derived from the National Longitudinal Transition Study and the National Health Interview Survey. Implications were identified. Recommendations for action include expanding access to health care and quality early-childhood care for these at-risk children, promoting the use of behavioral health services, lowering eligibility standards, and recruiting more actively to increase income maintenance through Social Security Income (SSI) benefits for children with disabilities. Recommendations were also made about securing vocational training for mothers who are long-term recipients of cash benefits through public assistance.
Child↗
A profile of children with disabilities receiving SSI: highlights from the National Survey of SSI Children and Families.
This article provides a nationally representative profile of noninstitutionalized children 0 to 17 years of age who were receiving support from the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program because of a disability. To assess the role of the SSI program in providing assistance to low-income children with disabilities and their families, it is important to obtain detailed information on demographic characteristics, income and assets, health and disabilities, and health care utilization. Yet administrative records of the Social Security Administration do not contain many of the relevant data items, and the records provide only an incomplete picture of the family relationships affecting the lives of children with disabilities. The National Survey of SSI Children and Families fills this gap. This summary article is based on survey interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002 and provides some highlights characterizing children with disabilities who were receiving SSI and their families. Most children receiving SSI (hereafter referred to as "SSI children") lived in a family headed by a single mother, and less than one in three lived with both parents. A very high proportion, about half, were living in a household with at least one other individual reported to have had a disability. About 70 percent of children received some kind of special education. SSI support was the most important source of family income, with earnings a close second. On average, SSI payments accounted for nearly half of the income for the children's families, and earnings accounted for almost 40 percent. When all sources of family income were considered, slightly more than half (54 percent) of SSI children lived in families above the poverty threshold, a notable fact given that the federal SSI program guarantees only a subpoverty level of income. However, beyond these averages there was substantial variation, with some children living in families with income well below the poverty threshold and others having income well over 200 percent of the poverty threshold. About one-third of SSI children lived in families owning a home, two-thirds lived with parents or guardians with at least one car, and about 40 percent lived with parents or guardians with zero liquid assets. Less than 4 percent lived with adults who owned stocks, mutual funds, notes, certificates of deposit, or savings bonds. The Social Security Administration's administrative records contain only a limited amount of information about disability diagnoses. The National Survey of SSI Children and Families supplements those records with data from an array of questions on functional limitations, self-reported health, and the perceived severity of disabilities. The data suggest that a great degree of variation in severity exists within the childhood caseload, as reflected in reports of the presence or absence of six functional limitations, perceived overall health status, and perceived impact of disability on the child's ability to do things. Overall, 36 percent of the children were reported to have had disabilities that affected their abilities to do things "a great deal," and for 21 percent their difficulties had very little or no impact. Physical disabilities were most common among children aged 0 to 5, and mental disabilities dominated the picture for the other two age groups: 6 to 12 and 13 to 17. Virtually all SSI children are covered by some form of health insurance, with Medicaid being by far the most common source of health insurance coverage. Just as in the case of the severity of disabilities, substantial variation was reported in health care utilization among SSI children. Almost 30 percent of children had two or fewer doctor visits during the 12 months preceding the interview, and close to 50 percent had five or more doctor visits. About four-fifths of the children had no reported hospitalizations or surgeries during the previous year. More than 40 percent of the children visited an emergency room during the previous year, most of them more than once. Importantly, no out-of-pocket costs associated with medical care were reported for more than two-thirds of the children, and only about 3 percent had annual expenses exceeding $1,000 for physical and mental health care. This finding suggests that SSI payments are not used to cover medical expenses for the overwhelming majority of children. The use of supportive therapies varied widely among SSI children: more than half reported having used physical, occupational, or speech therapy; only 8 percent used respite care for the parents or other family members. An analysis of the perception of the survey respondents shows that more than one-third of children had unmet needs for mental health counseling services, and about three-quarters of families had unmet needs for respite care. In several service categories, the proportion perceived to have had unmet service needs was around 10 percent or less. In the dominant service category of physical, occupational, and speech therapy, only 11 percent perceived to have had unmet service needs.
Adolescent↗
Counting the number of children with disabilities.
Reporting that there are millions of children (and adults) with disabilities reduces these individuals to just numbers-not actual people. The use of mega numbers and national averages obscures the major disparities that exist in the proportion of children with special needs in different areas of the country. In an effort to personalize these national numbers and bring about increased attention to the 2.6 million children (5-15 years of age) with disabilities, a review of the proportion of noninstitutionalized children with disabilities is reported by a series of geopolitical jurisdictions. The profession is challenged to increase care to children with disabilities--children who may be members of families being treated in many dental practices.
Adolescent↗
American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Children with Disabilities. The treatment of neurologically impaired children using patterning.
This statement reviews patterning as a treatment for children with neurologic impairments. This treatment is based on an outmoded and oversimplified theory of brain development. Current information does not support the claims of proponents that this treatment is efficacious, and its use continues to be unwarranted.
Behavior Therapy↗
Respite care for families of children with disabilities.
The number of children with chronic health problems and resultant disabilities is increasing. Most of the care received by these children is provided by family members, often at severe economic and psychologic cost. One service that has appeared in the past two decades to assist family caregivers is respite services. This article describes the needs for respite identified by family members, the types of respite services available, the benefits of respite care to families, and the essential roles nurses can assume in assuring this essential service is available to families.
Allied Health Personnel↗
Beliefs about feeding practices and nutrition for children with disabilities among families in Dharavi, Mumbai.
Attitudes arise from specific experiences and emotions driven by cultural beliefs. An understanding of societal constructs regarding disability in a given culture contributes to developing strategies to meet the needs of children with disabilities by providing culturally competent services. In 1999, a series of focus-group discussions were conducted with families in a low-income community in Mumbai, India to collect qualitative information on the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) regarding disability, feeding and nutrition to facilitate the development of an intervention to improve the nutritional well-being of children with disabilities. The KSA of this population of poor families has seldom been directly examined. The specific objectives of this study were (i) to describe the experiences of families with young disabled children in the local community; (ii) to identify the nutritional and feeding needs of children with disabilities; and (iii) to identify any service, environmental or attitudinal barriers to acquiring an adequate nutritional status. Content analysis of concepts in the focus groups identified four emerging themes: (i) acceptance of disability; (ii) services and needs; (iii) future; and (iv) food and nutrition. The focus-group findings enabled a broader understanding of attitudes towards disability within this population, which can have an impact on the care of the child. The findings provided insights into the content of the intervention to be helpful for local families incorporating an understanding of the cultural background of the local community that must be included alongside our understanding of the feeding impairment.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Children with Disabilities and Committee on School Health: Children with health impairments in schools.
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Adolescent↗
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Children with Disabilities, Committee on Drugs: Medication for children with an attention deficit disorder.
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Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
Perspectives on play for young children with disabilities in South Africa: a qualitative study.
PURPOSE: All children have the right to play. Children with disabilities are often excluded from play activities. We aimed to explore caregivers', older community members', and key stakeholders' perceptions and experiences of play as influenced by socio-cultural, institutional, and public policy factors. These insights informed the early stages of intervention development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 23) were conducted with caregivers of children with disabilities aged 2-5 years, older community members, and key stakeholders who had experience working with children with disabilities. Data were thematically analysed, following a socio-ecological approach. RESULTS: Four themes emerged: (i) making play doable and affordable, (ii) play away the challenges, (iii) playing together or not, and (iv) play opportunities. The results highlighted how intrapersonal and interpersonal factors and experiences shaped perspectives of play and play-based interventions for children with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasise the importance of a community-informed approach in grounding the early stages of intervention development, which may help to ensure that a future play-based intervention is contextually appropriate.
Humans↗
Maternal and paternal stress in families with school-aged children with disabilities.
This study examined stress factors in families with a school-aged child with a disability. Path analyses revealed that children's demandingness and neediness for care was related more to maternal stress and that child's acceptability was related more to paternal stress. Professionals who serve families with children with disabilities may need to devise more specialized support programs to help fathers become emotionally close to their atypical children and may need to provide more respite services for mothers. To assist parents of school-aged children with disabilities, support services may also need to extend beyond the usual early childhood period.
Child↗
Language disabilities in children: perceptual correlates.
Although language disabilities in children manifest themselves as a failure to develop linguistic skills normally at or near the expected age, the underlying etiology of this prevalent developmental disorder is not well understood. Recent research studies provide empirical evidence that demonstrates a preponderance of basic perceptual disorders in some children with developmental language delay. These studies are reviewed and the possible role of specific perceptual impairments in various language disorders is discussed.
Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
Advocating in schools for children with disabilities: what's new with IDEA?
All social workers who work with children and families, regardless of their practice setting, should be aware of the important educational rights to which children with disabilities and their families are entitled. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (P.L. 101-476), one of the most sweeping laws protecting children with disabilities, was substantially amended in 1997, and its regulatory provisions became legally effective in October 1999. This article provides information about the requirements of the law and the impact of those changes on children's educational rights. The changes discussed and their practice implications include expansion of categories of children with disabilities; new requirements for mobile, homeless, or culturally diverse populations and participants in the individualized education program process; payment for private school placements for children with disabilities; discipline of children with disabilities; and provision of social work services in the schools.
Child↗
Special needs patients--almost 107,000 children with disabilities in Pennsylvania.
The 2000 Census data indicating the numbers of children with disabilities in Pennsylvania is presented and broken down by city, metropolitan area and congressional districts. There are numerous difficulties associated with the delivery of dental care to these youngsters with special needs. Nevertheless, if all dentists were willing to help, each practitioner would need to care for only 14 of these youngsters.
Adolescent↗
Ethical dilemmas in the treatment of children with disabilities.
Issues relating to the treatment of children with disabilities, such as withholding treatment, organ donation, research, genetic screening, and prenatal diagnosis, all present ethical dilemmas. These issues always need to be reviewed to determine which ethical considerations apply. Identifying relevant principles, one can conclude which take precedence and what is ethically permissible. As with so many other medical responsibilities, this can be consulted, learned, practiced and improved upon. Pediatricians caring for children with disabilities can study and enhance their capacity for ethical reflection, so as to participate fully in these important decision-making processes.
Abortion, Induced↗