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PubMed2001

221st ACS. Division of Medicinal Chemistry - first-time disclosure of clinical candidates.

The 221st ACS meeting in San Diego, USA, saw a symposium entitled 'First-time disclosure of clinical candidates', the inaugural presentation of this symposium in the society's 125-year history. Dr Balu N Balasubramanian (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, USA), Chair of this well-attended symposium of five papers, remarked that he hoped that this symposium will become a regular event at ACS conferences.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent disclosures of clinical drug candidates.

On December 8, 2005, the Society for Medicines Research held a one-day meeting in London, United Kingdom, entitled Recent Disclosures of Clinical Drug Candidates. The meeting brought together speakers from Europe representing the pharmaceutical industry and provided an overview of some the latest approaches being taken in a range of therapeutic areas such as oncology, inflammation, CNS disease and reproductive medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

New peer review reporting and disclosure requirements--Part I.

This article reviews the reporting and disclosure provisions of the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986, the Medicare and Medicaid Patient and Program Protection Act of 1987, the Texas Medical Practice Act, and federal regulations promulgated in late 1989 to establish the operating rules and policies of the National Practitioner Data Bank. A table on pages 56-57 outlines the reporting requirements of these laws and regulations. Discussion focuses on the requirements the new federal regulations place on physicians and other health care practitioners, health care entities, and insurers.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Disclosures and refutations: clinical psychoanalysis as a logic of enquiry.

The author argues that the empirical status of psychoanalysis has been distorted by the controversy surrounding Aristotelian and Galilean-Newtonian schemes of science, whose core ideas, respectively, are scientific concepts or forms and scientific laws. Bound by the Euclidian axiomatic tradition, Newtonian-style 'laws' do not obtain in the social sciences, and in biology they apply only at near-molecular levels, not at the level of mind. Continuing the traditional Aristotelian reliance on 'exemplars', neither Freud's nor Darwin's work fits the deductivist, infallibilistic scientific criteria used by philosophers such as Tarski, Popper or Grünbaum. Rebutting the charge that the workings of psychoanalysis are not explicit enough, this paper unfolds the logic of enquiry it utilises. In contrast to Newtonian inductivism, Popper's method of conjectures and refutations and Lakatos's method of proofs and refutations, clinical psychoanalysis employs a 'practical logic' of disclosures and refutations, a constantly evolving enquiry of multi-layered and tentative evidence of discordance and analogy. Such epistemic fallibilism, relying on a build-up of ostensive evidences rather than on 'certainties', is illustrated in the text by Moore's famous 'two-hands' argument, is held to fit in with the workings of everyday discernment and, arguably, with Darwinian evolution.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

A descriptive study of BRCA1 testing and reactions to disclosure of test results.

BACKGROUND: The identification of the BRCA1 gene is a powerful tool for predicting a patient's lifetime risk for carcinoma of the breast and ovary when she has hereditary breast/ovarian carcinoma (HBOC) syndrome. The process of BRCA1 testing and genetic counseling and participants' reactions to test results, are described. METHODS: Education about the natural history of HBOC syndrome and the pros and cons of genetic testing was provided to 14 HBOC families comprised of 2549 bloodline relatives. Of these, 388 underwent DNA testing. After informed consent was given by participants, formal linkage analysis and gene mutation studies were performed on the families. Qualitative data on intentions and emotional reactions were collected by physicians/counselors during the genetic counseling sessions. RESULTS: Of those tested, 181 received their results after further genetic counseling. Seventy-eight of them were positive and 100 were negative for BRCA1 gene mutation. Three had ambiguous findings. The most common reasons given for seeking DNA testing were concern about risk to children and concern about surveillance and prevention. Prophylactic mastectomy was considered by 35% of women who tested positive, whereas prophylactic oophorectomy was considered an important option by 76%. Twenty-five percent of both BRCA1 positive and negative individuals were concerned about discrimination by insurance companies. Eighty percent of those who tested negative reported emotional relief, whereas over one-third of those who tested positive reported sadness, anger, or guilt. CONCLUSIONS: DNA testing of patients with HBOC syndrome must be performed in the context of genetic counseling. The authors' results demonstrate the many complex clinical and nonclinical issues that are important in this process.

Adult↗