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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

[Genetics and phenogenetics of the hormonal characteristics of animals. VII. Correlation between brain serotonin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system in domesticated and undomesticated silver foxes during emotional stress].

Two groups of silver foxes, selected according their behaviour with respect to man and non-selected ones, were exposed to restriction-induced stress. It was found that changes in the level of brain serotonin and its main metabolite, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, and elevation of plasma corticosteroids concentration in domesticated (tame) silver foxes were much less pronounced than in non-domesticated (non-tame) animals. Positive relationship between type of behaviour, brain serotonin metabolism and pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress was observed. It is suggested that such correlative pattern as changed pituitary-adrenal axis responses in domesticated animals may be due to changes in metabolism of controlling this axis brain transmitter serotonin.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in wild-type turkeys living in close contact with domestic fowl.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum was isolated from 2 wild-type turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and 1 domestic turkey living in close contact on a farm in Tehama County, California. Sinusitis was detected in 2 of 14 wild-type turkeys and in 1 of 12 feral broad-breasted bronze turkeys, but in none of several chickens on the premises. The entire mixed flock was captured, sinus aspirates were collected from affected birds, and blood samples were obtained from all birds for serologic testing. Blood samples also were obtained from 10 domestic turkeys on adjacent premises from which breeding stock had been borrowed. The M gallisepticum isolated from sinus aspirates was typed and inoculated into susceptible chickens, resulting in airsacculitis. California wild turkeys with and without histories of exposure to domestic fowl and wild turkeys shipped into California from Texas for release were tested for antibodies to M gallisepticum, using the plate agglutination test. Evidence of M gallisepticum infection was not found in wild turkeys at any location other than the original premises.

Air Sacs↗

PubMed1995

Domestic violence: impact on psychiatric medicine.

The 1984 Attorney General's Task Force Report on Domestic Violence attested: Anyone who lives in a violent home experiences an essential loss. The one place on earth where they should feel safe and secure has become a place of danger...the shadow of domestic violence has fallen across their lives and they are forever changed. One report states that the victims of the crime of domestic violence include "not only the people who die from injuries, but the family members who daily endure the psychological, emotional and spiritual abuse and pass on the emotional scars and violent behavior to one generation after another." If we are to stop this cycle of violence, we as physicians must step forward and assume our personal and professional responsibilities.

Domestic Violence↗

PubMed1995

[Well-being--intrinsic value--integrity. Developments in the reevaluation of the domesticated animal].

Owing to selective breeding and conditioning to husbandry methods, domestication has resulted in modification of the anatomy, physiology, and behaviour of animals. Nevertheless, domestic animals cannot be regarded and treated as artificial products. Public interest and concern about the welfare of domestic animals has led to the recognition of the intrinsic value of animals and, in extension of this, to the ethical principle of respect for the integrity of animals. The sensibility and acceptance of these principles by those involved in ethical decision-making depends on their fundamental views about humans and the living world. In order to make judgements about the use of, and interference with, animals, it is desirable to clarify these personal views. The principle of respect for the integrity of animals leads to considerations and arguments beyond animal health and welfare. This is shown by three examples: declawing of cats, caesarean section in cattle, and laying hens in battery cages.

Animal Welfare↗

PubMed1994

Counseling heterosexual women arrested for domestic violence: implications for theory and practice.

With increasing emphasis in recent years on mandatory arrest for partner violence, there has been a concomitant increase in the number of females arrested for assaulting their partners. The present paper describes the process one community experienced to understand and appropriately intervene with women who had been arrested for domestic violence and referred to court-mandated treatment. Issues related to conceptualization of the problem, identifying intervention goals and defining the intervention targets were discussed. Research with the community sample of domestically violent indicated most were motivated by a need to defend themselves from their partner's assaults, or are retaliating for previous batterings. As such, the intervention focused on issues of victimization and oppression. It is further suggested that intervention programs for domestically violent women must take place in the context of a broader community intervention which involves training and interaction with law enforcement and criminal justice agencies to determine criteria for arrest and prosecution of battered women when they fight back to protect themselves.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1994

Gay and bisexual male domestic violence victimization: challenges to feminist theory and responses to violence.

This article demonstrates how same-sex male battering challenges contemporary feminist domestic violence theory. The author shows current theory to be heterosexist and therefore insufficient to explain the phenomenon of battering among gay/bisexual men. Domestic violence theories that integrate a sociopolitical and a psychological analysis of battering are presented as more inclusive of same-sex domestic violence. Differences between battered gay/bisexual men and battered women are illustrated, focusing on how these men conceptualize and respond to violence against them. The author also examines the social context of homophobia in which same-sex battering occurs; the impact of AIDS on gay/bisexual men as it pertains to battering; the misconception of "mutual combat"; and the difficulty of seeking help. The article highlights the need for empirical research on same-sex male battering.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1995

Complications with the use of carfentanil citrate and xylazine hydrochloride to immobilize domestic horses.

Carfentanil citrate, the only opioid approved in the United States for immobilizing large exotic animals, increasingly has been used to chemically restrain exotic horses, such as Prezwalski's horses (Equus przewalskii) and wild horses (E caballus). Because carfentanil's duration of action is long and renarcotization may develop 2 to 24 hours after administration of antagonists, a study was designed to compare the physiologic effects of opioid antagonists, using domestic horses chemically restrained with xylazine hydrochloride and carfentanil. The study was terminated after the initial 3 horses developed severe tachycardia and hypertension, which resulted in the death of 1 horse from pulmonary edema. Although it was possible that the clinical findings in these horses may have resulted from use of an inadequate dosage of carfentanil or xylazine, or both, analysis of the results more likely indicated that domestic and exotic horses may respond differently to carfentanil, and domestic horses may not be a good model for use in studies of carfentanil.

Analgesics, Opioid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Duck viral enteritis in domestic muscovy ducks in Pennsylvania.

Duck viral enteritis (DVE) outbreaks occurred at two different locations in Pennsylvania in 1991 and 1992. In the first outbreak, four ducks died out of a group of 30 domestic ducks; in the second outbreak, 65 ducks died out of a group of 114 domestic ducks, and 15 domestic geese died as well. A variety of species of ducks were present on both premises, but only muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) died from the disease. On necropsy, gross lesions included hepatomegaly with petechial hemorrhages, petechial hemorrhages in the abdominal fat, petechial hemorrhages on the epicardial surface of the heart, and multifocal to coalescing areas of fibrinonecrotic material over the mucosal surface of the trachea, esophagus, intestine, and cloaca. Histologically, the liver had random multifocal areas of necrosis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes. DVE virus was isolated and identified using muscovy duck embryo fibroblast inoculation and virus neutralization.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Instructions for the correct use of zoologically relevant species designations for our domestic and laboratory animals, with reference to the current nomenclature of their breed types].

This study is concerned with the correct use of the scientific zoological nomenclature for domesticated and laboratory animals. With the help of four tables, additionally, the most current latin names of all important domesticated animals (animals of economic importance, ranch-bred animals, companion animals, fancy animals, laboratory animals) are given. The authors suggest a formal nomenclature for domesticated animals which should principally be related to the scientific name of the parent species (binomially and in italics), as always followed by the completion "forma domestica/f. dom." (not in italics). Problems arising from the use of such scientific names when hybridization and introgression is concerned are also discussed, and appropriate nomenclature is proposed.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Postexposure rabies prophylaxis and preexposure rabies vaccination failure in domestic animals.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of postexposure rabies prophylaxis (PEX) recommendations, as mandated by the state of Texas, and to investigate PEX and preexposure rabies vaccination failures. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 1,345 unvaccinated domestic animals that had received PEX and 6 animals that had preexposure rabies vaccination failure. PROCEDURE: Zoonotic incident case report forms from 1979 through 1994 were reviewed for information about unvaccinated domestic animals that received PEX after exposure to a rabid animal, according to state protocol; the reports were also reviewed for information about preexposure rabies vaccination failures. From 1979 through 1987, the PEX protocol was to immediately vaccinate the animal against rabies, isolate it for 6 months, and administer a booster vaccination 1 month prior to release from isolation. From 1988 through 1994, the protocol was to immediately vaccinate the animal against rabies, isolate it for 90 days, and give booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks of the isolation period. RESULTS: From 1979 through 1987, 713 animals received PEX; 2 failures were recorded. From 1988 through 1994, 632 animals received PEX; 3 failures were recorded. From 1991 through 1994, 6 preexposure rabies vaccination failures were recorded. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: An effective PEX schedule for domestic animals includes immediate rabies vaccination, with a minimum of 1 booster vaccination, and 90 days' strict isolation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The reproductive function of young male silver foxes Vulpes vulpes after long-term selection for domesticated behavior].

Sperm morphology of spermaries, testosterone plasma level and sexual activity of young silver fox males selected for domestic behavior have been studied. It is established that a number of spermatozoa in semen of males from selected population is lower as compared with the control one, whereas abnormal spermatogenesis level is significantly increased. The testosterone plasma level in males after a female introduction increased to the same extent in both groups. Sexual activity in males from selected population was lower than in the control one during the first mating season. The data obtained suggest a depressing effect of selection for domestic behavior on spermatogenesis and sexual activity in the young silver fox males and point to the hereditary changes of some chains of reproductive functions of males under the selection for domestic behavior.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

An emerging public health perspective on domestic violence: implications for Wisconsin physicians and health care organizations.

In this article, we provide a brief discussion of the health and health care cost consequences of the problem of domestic violence, and a review of some key reasons why physicians may often fail to recognize the signs of this violence and abuse in their patients. In Wisconsin, a variety of agencies, educational institutions and communities are in the process of developing and refining educational initiatives or multidisciplinary response efforts which have medical care components or implications. Collectively, the experience being gained by these various efforts throughout Wisconsin provides a solid foundation from which to further develop and enhance a public health perspective for responding to domestic violence. It is suggested that this perspective can help inform the state's physicians and health care organizations on how they can improve their individual and organizational responses to the problem of domestic violence.

Community Networks↗

PubMed1996

Psychopharmacological treatment of aggressive behavior: implications for domestically violent men.

In an attempt to further evolve our understanding and response to domestic violence as a public health problem, a number of investigators have begun to prioritize the development of specialized diagnostic and intervention methods from a biomedical perspective. The potential use of selectively prescribed and carefully monitored medications to help end violent and abusive behavior would be an important step toward mainstreaming the treatment of domestically violent men into the realm of modern medicine and health care. While much work remains in understanding the specific linkages and mechanisms between psychobiology and aggressive and violent behavior, there is a growing body of basic and clinical research which has important potential for expanding our intervention efforts. This article reviews this research in relation to current efforts to understand and treat domestically violent men. A biopsychosocial model which incorporates selective and adjunctive psychopharmacological treatment within the context of cognitive-behavioral and social systems interventions is outlined and discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1997

[Effect of domestication of the silver fox on the main enzymes of serotonin metabolism and serotonin receptors].

In silver foxes significant alterations in the activities of basic enzymes of neurotransmitter serotonin metabolism as well as in the densities of receptors caused by selection for the absence of the aggressive defensive reaction to man were demonstrated. In the midbrain and hypothalamus of animals selected for the absence of aggressive behavior, the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the key enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis, was found to be remarkably higher than in animals selected for highly aggressive behavior. Domesticated animals were characterized by low activity of the main enzyme of serotonin catabolism, monoamine oxidase type A, increased Michaelis constant km, and an unchanged maximum reaction rate (Vmax). No changes in the specific binding of [3H]-ketanserin and [3H]-8-OH-DPAT in the frontal cortex of domesticated foxes were revealed; however, in the hypothalamus, the low values of Bmax for the [3H]-8-OH-DPAT specific binding were observed, indicating the decreased density of the 5-HT1A receptors. It is assumed that the transformation of a wild aggressive animal into a domesticated one taking place during directional selection is caused by hereditary alterations favored by artificial selection in the activity of the main enzymes of serotonin metabolism and serotonin receptors.

Aggression↗

PubMed1997

Workplace domestic violence. Intervention through program and policy development.

1. Workplace domestic violence is a costly and increasing concern to business. 2. Like other workplace hazards, workplace domestic violence has identifiable characteristics. 3. Effective intervention strategies can be developed that involve a multidisciplinary team approach, as well as written policies, procedures, and education. 4. Occupational health nurses can take a leadership role in obtaining management's support to send a strong message to perpetrators that domestic violence is not tolerated.

Domestic Violence↗

PubMed1997

[The dromedary: ancestry, history of domestication and medical treatment in early historic times].

Research on camel bones from archaeological excavations in North Africa and the Near East contradict the current opinion in textbooks that the dromedary and the Bactrian camel are domesticated forms derived from a single species, the two-humped wild camel (C. ferus). The probable ancestor of the domestic one-humped camel is Thomas' camel (C. thomasi). The wild dromedary was probably domesticated on the Arabian peninsula, perhaps as early as the 4th millennium BC. From the 2nd millennium BC onward there is evidence for the use of the one-humped camel for riding and transport purposes. Camel-keeping also implied the therapy of diseased animals, the main source of information about their treatment being medieval arabic texts dealing with veterinary medicine. An expert of such an early 13th century text is presented and discussed. From this it can be seen that the medieval camel treatment fits the principles of the so-called humoral theory, a medical concept which at that time already existed for more than 1500 years.

Africa, Northern↗

PubMed1998

Domestic violence in the workplace.

1. It is important for workers, management, and health and safety personnel to recognize a history of domestic violence may place an individual at risk for acts of violence at work. 2. Employers and unions are beginning to recognize domestic violence may impact the economic well being of a workplace by decreasing productivity and attendance, and by increasing insurance and health care costs. 3. Few companies have policies related to general safety, general workplace violence, or specifically to domestic violence. All departments within the corporation or business should help to develop and implement these policies, and training in the policies must include all levels of the business.

Domestic Violence↗

PubMed1998

Inhibition of domestic cat spermatozoa acrosome reaction and zona pellucida penetration by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Spermatozoa from teratospermic domestic cats (> 60% morphologically abnormal spermatozoa per ejaculate) consistently exhibit lower levels of oocyte penetration in vitro than their normospermic (< 40% abnormal spermatozoa per ejaculate) counterparts. This could be caused by structural abnormalities or intracellular defects resulting in disruption of normal cellular functions. Spermatozoa from teratospermic cats also are compromised in the ability to capacitate and undergo the acrosome reaction (AR) in vitro. Further, we recently identified two tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (95- and 160-kDa) localized over the acrosome region in domestic cat spermatozoa. Phosphorylation of these proteins is reduced in teratospermic compared with normospermic ejaculates. To begin to understand the relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation and sperm function, we examined the effects of two protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tyrphostin RG-50864 and genistein) on (1) sperm motility; (2) protein tyrosine phosphorylation; (3) the ionophore A23187-induced AR; (4) the spontaneous and zona pellucida (ZP)-induced AR, and (5) the ability of spermatozoa from normospermic cats to penetrate conspecific ZP-intact oocytes. Over a wide range of concentrations, neither inhibitor affected sperm percentage motility during incubation (P > 0.05). Preincubation with either inhibitor reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of both (95- and 160-kDa) sperm proteins. Although both inhibitors blocked the ZP-induced AR, neither influenced the spontaneous AR nor the A23187-induced AR, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation may be involved in physiologic AR. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the ability of control or inhibitor-treated spermatozoa to bind to or penetrate the outer ZP layer. However, percentages of oocytes with treated spermatozoa in the inner ZP (tyrphostin, 8.7%; genistein, 20.4%) and perivitelline space (tyrphostin, 0%; genistein, 2.3%) were less (P < 0.001) than untreated controls (inner ZP, 62.7%; perivitelline space, 10.2%). These results (1) demonstrate that ZP-induced acrosomal exocytosis in domestic cat spermatozoa is regulated via a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway and (2) suggest that defects in these signaling pathways may represent one of the causes for compromised sperm function in teratospermic males.

Acrosome↗