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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Parvovirus B19-induced aplastic crisis in a patient with iron deficiency anemia].

A 38-year-old female was referred to Takaoka City Hospital for treatment of common-cold-like symptom and an episode of transient unconsciousness. Physical examination on admission revealed severe anemia and an ejection heart murmur. Complete blood count revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia (Hb 4.1 g/dl), leukocytopenia (2.600/microliters), thrombocytopenia (7.1 x 10(4)/microliters) and reticulocytopenia (17,000/microliters). The bone marrow cellularity was within normal limits. Cells in the erythroid series were decreased to 5% of total bone marrow nucleated cells with maturation arrest at the level of proerythroblasts. Giant proerythroblasts were observed in 0.2% of marrow nucleated cells. No stainable iron was seen. Both anti-parvovirus B19 IgM antibody and IgG antibody were positive in the serum and parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in the bone marrow cells by polymerase chain reaction. From these results, iron deficiency anemia complicated with pure red cell aplasia secondary to parvovirus B19-induced infection was diagnosed. The anemia gradually improved with administration of sodium ferrous citrate one month after admission. Parvovirus B19 has been reported to cause an aplastic crisis in the patients who has a rapid red cell turn over such as hemolytic anemia or acute blood loss. This report suggested that severe aplastic crisis is also induced in patients with iron deficiency anemia by parvovirus B19-induced infection and warns that careful observation is necessary for the follow up of patients with iron deficiency anemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Parvovirus B19-related lymphadenopathy.

We tested whether parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is involved in benign lymph node swelling as a causative agent. The serum specimens from 13 patients with lymph node swelling of unidentified cause were tested for IgM and IgG antibody against PVB19 by Western blot analysis. Five patients had IgM antibody, and PVB19 DNA was detected in the serum from one of them by dot-blot analysis, suggesting the recent PVB19 infection and its involvement in lymph node swelling of these patients. Clinical and haematological features of the patients are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Parvovirus B19 infection in a twin pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Parvovirus infection has been associated with the development of nonimmune hydrops fetalis in pregnancy. This report describes a twin pregnancy in which one fetus was affected by parvovirus B19 and the other was not. CASE: A 35-year-old woman was found to have a twin gestation at genetic amniocentesis. Subsequent ultrasound at 18 weeks showed that twin B had evidence of hydrops fetalis. Serum from the mother tested positive for parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM. Cultured amniotic fluid from twin B was subsequently found to be positive for parvovirus B19. At 20 weeks' gestation, the hydropic fetus died. The unaffected fetus grew normally. At 40 weeks, the unaffected fetus was delivered vaginally with no difficulties. Cord blood from the unaffected fetus was negative for parvovirus B19 IgM. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates differential infection of parvovirus B19 in a diamniotic, dichorionic twin pregnancy. One twin developed signs of hydrops fetalis consistent with parvovirus B19. The diagnosis was confirmed immunologically and by amniotic fluid culture. The second twin had no evidence of parvovirus B19 and no immunologic suggestion of infection at birth. This is the only known report of such differential transmission of parvovirus B19 in a twin pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transfusion-transmitted viral infections other than hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human parvovirus B19.

During the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in the number of tests routinely used to screen all volunteer whole blood donations for evidence of transfusion-transmissible infection. These measures have had a dramatic effect on improvements in transfusion safety, especially as far as hepatitis viruses and the human immunodeficiency virus are concerned. Although all blood donations are not routinely screened for evidence of possible transmissibility of cytomegalovirus, some are, since there is now a clearer understanding of the categories of patients in whom this infection must be avoided. Recent studies have also pointed to a role for leukocyte filtration of transfusion products as an alternative to donor screening for selected patients at risk of cytomegalovirus infection. With regard to other viruses, knowledge about the relevance of Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and parvovirus to blood product safety is incomplete. Until their pathogenicity, if any, in transfusion recipients is known, recommendations about special handling of blood products because of concern for these viruses is premature.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1994

Human B19 parvovirus infection in an obstetric population. A prospective study determining fetal outcome.

In a prospective study of 1,967 pregnant women who were routinely screened for recent human B19 parvovirus infection, 64 (3.3%) were identified as being IgM positive. No adverse effects were documented by ultrasound in any of the fetuses. The outcome of pregnancy was favorable in 95.1% of these women, with no evidence of hydrops fetalis or any congenital abnormalities. Two neonates (3.4%) were small for gestational age, and there was one abortion. Samples of blood obtained from 20 neonates born to women with evidence of recent infection were B19 parvovirus IgM negative. Recent infection with human B19 parvovirus in pregnancy constitutes a low risk for the development of adverse fetal effects; hence, routine antenatal screening is not warranted.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1993

The significance of the blood-borne viruses: blood banking and transfusion medicine.

Most of the blood-borne infections that have held our attention during the last half of this century have been well characterized. Although HIV and the hepatitis viruses have enormous world-wide public health implications, there has been considerable success in their prevention of transmission by transfusion. The technology is available to treat and eliminate from virtually all non-cellular blood products the transmission of disease caused by those viruses for which we have had the greatest concern. However, for the cellular blood products the basic methods of prevention continue to be imperfect: donor selection and viral serological testing. The significance of the transmission of blood-borne agents by these products depends upon the frequency of the agent in the donor population and the serological screening performed. There is a marked degree of variation in frequency of these infections, dependent upon geography, living conditions, and life style. Data on the frequency of transfusion-transmitted disease are meagre and usually based upon indirect estimates. In the United States the frequency of the transmission of HIV by cellular blood products is estimated to be 1:125,000 products transfused. A similar estimate for the transmission of hepatitis is 1:200 products transfused. For the developing countries, some of which experience the highest rates of hepatitis and HIV infection in their populations, data on the frequency of transfusion transmission are not generally available. In recent years, new evidence has stimulated interest in a few transfusion-transmissible diseases that, although uncommon from the public health perspective, have both real and potential transfusion impacts for the use of plasma and plasma derivatives as well as cellular products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biological Products↗
PubMed1993

B19 parvovirus and blood transfusion.

B19 parvovirus, a non-enveloped DNA virus about 20 nm diameter, is responsible for benign illness in children (fifth disease) or in adult (arthritis). Nevertheless some acute or chronic anaemia may occur following the lysis of its target cell, the erythroid progenitors. Such clinical manifestations may be observed in blood transfused patients under circumstances which will be studied.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

The placenta and viral infections.

Many viruses can infect the fetus in utero, by either ascending or hematogenous routes. Much is known about the maternal-fetal passage of virus from clinical, virologic, and serologic studies. Although transplacental passage is a key aspect of these infections, there is much more limited information about changes in the placenta. For a few infections, placental characteristics have been well described, and there is now increasing information on many others. Newer techniques for in situ demonstration of viruses will hopefully yield much information about diagnosis and the mechanisms of transplacental passage.

Erythema Infectiosum↗