PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Fetal heart rate pattern and postparacervical fetal bradycardia.

Four hundred eight-five fetal monitor patterns were reviewed to correlate the incidence of postparacervical fetal bradycardia with the preceding fetal heart rate pattern. Three hundred and one patients received a total of 408 paracervical blocks, with an overall incidence of bradycardia of 11.3%. Patients with reassuring patterns had an incidence of 8.4%, those with concerning patterns 20%, and those with very concerning patterns 39.1%. Restricting the use of paracervical anesthesia to patients with reassuring fetal heart rate patterns should minimize this complication of obstetric anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual function after aorto-iliac vascular reconstruction. Which is more important, the internal iliac artery or hypogastric nerve?

Sixty patients undergoing surgical reconstruction by classical or modified methods for aorto-iliac vascular disease were studied as to postoperative sexual function. Preoperative impotence was present in approximately half of the patients with abdominal aortic occlusion. Although internal iliac arterial blood flow was regarded as an important factor in sexual function, only a slight correlation was noted between circulatory insufficiency and postoperative sexual dysfunction. Preservation of both trunks or the left trunk of the hypogastric nerve led to a marked decrease in the incidence of ejaculation disturbances. We concluded preservation of the hypogastric nerve was more beneficial than maintenance of internal iliac arterial blood flow.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1984

[Composition of the polypeptides participating in orthograde axonal transport in the nerve elements of the caudal mesenteric ganglion of the cat].

Composition of the polypeptides translocated by the axonal transport in the lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric nerves before and after total section of these nerves was studied in the model of the inferior mesenteric ganglion with pre- and postganglionic nerve trunks. The data obtained suggest presence of the orthograde axonal transport of specific proteins associated with the nerve fibre growth along the axons of afferent neurons whose bodies are localized in the inferior mesenteric ganglion, as well as along efferent fibres with trophic centers situated in the ganglion. Axonal transport of the polypeptide with molecular weight 29.000 Dalton unidentified in other nerve structures was shown to occur along the afferent fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Establishment of somato-sympathetic reactions during the early stages of postnatal ontogeny in cats].

In adult cats and 1--16--day kittens, repeated stimuli of less than 1/sec and supramaximal strength applied to afferent fibers of nervus ischiadicus evoked the multicomponent responses recorded from efferent fibers of n. hypogastricus. Latencies of responses components decreased during postnatal development. In all the animals basic three responses remained unchanged after Th10-12 chordotomy. Stimulation of kittens afferent somatic fibers with frequency of 10/sec and of variable strength enhanced the sympathetic nerve activity and in rare occasions suppressed it. In adult animals the sign of sympathetic nerve response depended on the level of spontaneous sympathetic activity and on the stimulus strength. This relation remained unchanged after the chordotomy. In chordotomised kittens repeated stimuli applied to somatic nerve produced the sympathetic nerve activation alone.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Modifications of embedding tissues in durcupan ACM (Fluka) based on viscosity index measurements.

Viscosity of Durcupan ACM mixtures without as well as with accelerator was measured, at temperatures of 25, 40, and 50 degrees C respectively. The time course of polymerization was expressed within first few hours following admixture of accelerator, at temperature mentioned above. On the basis of our findings a modified embedding schedule for tissues (peripheral autonomic nerves and ganglia) has been recommended: infiltration in Durupan 1 (without accelerator) could be performed at 50 degrees C, when viscosity of embedding mixture is greatly reduced, to 190 mPa. s. Further infiltration in Durcupan 2 (with accelerator added) is carrier out at 40 degrees C; the initial viscosity of embedding medium at this temperature is 440 mPa. s. and even after 4 hours it keeps below 200 mPa. s. So the infiltration time could be prolonged in contrast to that at 50 degrees C, which usually brings better embedded blocks and better ultrathin sections.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ketamine acts on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system of guinea pigs.

The effects of ketamine on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system were studied in vitro by observing the amplitude of the nerve-mediated contraction of the vasa deferentia isolated from guinea pigs. Ketamine dissolved in the perfusate of an organ bath was applied to the tissues for 30 minutes and then washed out with a perfusate lacking ketamine for 90 minutes. Ketamine in concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7) g/ml had no effect on contraction induced by hypogastric nerve (preganglionic) stimulation. At 10(-6) g/ml, the drug had no significant effect during application but was associated with increased contractions during washout. At 10(-5) and 10(-4) g/ml, the drug showed a dose-related depression during application and an increase in contractions during washout after a 10(-5) g/ml. Ketamine, 10(-5) g/ml, increased contraction following transmural (postganglionic) stimulation and had a depressant effect at a concentration of 10(-4) g/ml. It is concluded (1) that ketamine has dual effects on the nerve-mediated contraction of the vasa defentia and (2) that cardiovascular responses to ketamine include peripheral effects of ketamine on sympathetic ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor inhibits catecholamines release caused by hypogastric sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Recent studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in the parasympathetic inhibitory neurotransmission to the internal and sphincter (IAS). The role of NO in the sympathetic neurotransmission in the gut is not known. The resting intraluminal pressures of anesthetized opossum IAS (IASP) were monitored using low-compliance continuously perfused catheters. The plasma levels of catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were measured using a radioenzymatic assay. Parallel studies to determine the effects of hypogastric nerve stimulation (HGNS) on the resting IASP and catecholamine release were performed. The influence of NO in the sympathetic neurotransmission was determined by examining the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitro-arginine (L-NNA) and the reversal of the effect by L-arginine. HGNS caused a frequency-dependent rise in the IASP accompanied by rises in norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine levels. The increases in the IASP and norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine levels were stereoselectively and significantly attenuated by L-NNA. Furthermore, the L-NNA-induced attenuation of rises in the resting IASP and catecholamine levels in response to HGNS was reversed stereoselectively by L-arginine. These studies for the first time (to the authors' knowledge) show that the NO synthase inhibitor causes specific suppression of sympathetic neurotransmitter release in the gut smooth muscle. It was concluded that, in the anorectum, NO has a facilitory role in the release of sympathetic neurotransmitters.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

Regeneration of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerves after cavernous nerve neurotomy in the rat.

In patients who recover erectile function after radical prostatectomy (with preservation of at least 1 neurovascular bundle), a recovery time of 6 to 18 months is not uncommon. As this is also the usual time required for regeneration of spinal nerves, we believe that regeneration of cavernous nerves, partially damaged inadvertently, may be responsible. In a rat model, we examined the long-term effect of unilateral and bilateral cavernous nerve transection on the nonadrenergic/noncholinergic (NANC) nervous system and erectile function. In 31 rats, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme that catalyzes nitric oxide production, was identified in penile nerve fibers from a mid-shaft segment with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase staining and antibody to neuronal NOS. Animals were divided into three groups: 5 rats underwent pelvic exploration without transection of cavernous nerves (sham group); 13 rats underwent unilateral neurotomy of a 5-mm. segment of the cavernous nerve; and 13 rats underwent bilateral neurotomy. After bilateral ablation, the NOS-positive nerve fibers were significantly decreased at 3 weeks and remained so at 6 months; no erectile response could be elicited by pelvic nerve stimulation. After unilateral ablation, the NOS-positive nerve fibers were similarly decreased on the side of the neurotomy at 3 weeks, but by 6 months the number had increased significantly and approximated the level on the contralateral side. Furthermore, electrostimulation of the intact side induced a greater intracavernous pressure response at 6 months than at 3 weeks (N.B. the rat has an incomplete septum). Fibers positive for NOS were also identified in the dorsal nerve. The staining pattern diminished as rapidly and significantly on the side of neurotomy as in tissue from the corpus cavernosum. However, regeneration was not seen. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of regeneration of NOS-containing nerves after cavernous nerve neurotomy. Our findings support the reports by others that unilateral nerve-sparing is sufficient to preserve erectile function.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

[The exciting origin of guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglion neurons in vivo].

Intracellular recording in vivo showed that spontaneous activities of guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) neurons were inhibited when any one of the four groups of the nerves connected to the IMG was cutted or blocked, indicating that all the four groups of nerves sent in excitatory input. Colonic and hypogastric nerves convey the peripheral excitation respectively from colon and bladder. Intermesenteric nerve sends in peripheral excitatory input from colon and central from spinal cord. This finding suggests that the excitation of the prevertebral ganglia originates from not only spinal cord as claimed tranditionally, but also the peripheral organs. The latter exits stronger effect than the former. It seems that IMG is an integration neurocenter rather than a simple signal relay station from the central nervous system to peripheral effectors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method to generate canine seminal emission and its application to men: direct electrical stimulation of the vas deferens.

Seminal emission from the ejaculatory duct (SEED) by direct electrical stimulation of the vas deferens was investigated in the dog, and the technique was applied to men. The stimulus parameters used were 2 msec, 10 Hz, and 8 V for dogs or 15-20 V for humans. In vitro studies using tetrodotoxin demonstrated that the major portion of the muscle contraction under the above stimulation was neurogenic. The stimulation of the pars epididymica, the middle vas, or the ampulla of the vas caused SEED in all dogs having intact hypogastric nerves (HNs) and receiving transection of bilateral HNs 1, 6, and 12 months before electrical stimulation. The dye instilled into the canine cauda epididymis was transported to the ampulla and emitted into the posterior urethra by electrical stimulation of the vas regardless of the site stimulated. The electrical stimulation of eight vasa deferentia (pars epididymica) of five prostatic carcinoma patients generated emission from the severed proximal end of all vasa examined at orchidectomy. All of the stimulations of 13 middle vasa of seven patients with emission loss caused SEED. The above results indicate that direct electrical stimulation of the canine and human vas deferens causes SEED regardless of the site stimulated or the absence of HNs, which are the major pathway of the efferent signal for SEED.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Disturbance of sexual function after an operation for rectal cancer and a fundamental study of the relationship between autonomic nerves and arteries in the pelvis of dogs].

Clinical studies of 15 male patients with resected rectal cancer and 30 canine experiments revealed a close relationship between autonomic nerves and arterial flow in the pelvis. In clinical cases transection of the hypogastric nerve (HGN) and the sympathetic trunk did not affect the erectile function in the postoperative course. In animal experiments transection of these nerves did not affect the increase in inner pressure of the penis cavernosum. Internal pudendal arterial (IPA) flow affecting the erectile function was decreased by transection of the bilateral pelvic splanchnic nerve (PSN). Transection of the PSN on one side did not affect the erectile function. In postoperative cases in which only one side of the lower grade branches of the PSN were preserved, the erectile function was preserved. In animal experiments in which the PSN of one side was disturbed, the IPA flow of the same side decreased, while the flow of the other side increased. The effect of norepinephrine hydrochloride on canine vascular smooth muscle was examined in vitro. Vascular smooth muscle strips from the IPA, relaxed longitudinally. This relaxation was suppressed by phentolamine methylate (alpha-blocker). It is also conceivable that the erectile function through the PSN is controlled by the sympathetic nerve, not by the parasympathetic nerve.

Adult↗