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Histone H1 can be removed selectively from chicken erythrocyte chromatin at near physiological conditions.

Histone H1 was depleted selectively from chicken erythrocyte polynucleosomes, without any detectable concomitant loss of H5 or core particle histones. The depletion is performed with ion exchange resin at low ionic strength (80 mM NaCl). The nucleosomes did not slide during the procedure. In contrast to the native chromatin, H1 depleted polynucleosomes are completely soluble in the 5--600 mM NaCl range.

Animals↗

Purification of chrysancorin, a novel antifungal protein with mitogenic activity from garland chrysanthemum seeds.

A novel antifungal protein, designated chrysancorin, was isolated from seeds of Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue resin, ion exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose and FPLC-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The N-terminus of chrysancorin displays sequence similarity to the genomic sequence of chromosome 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana BAC T19E23. Chrysancorin exhibits a molecular mass of 13.4 kDa in gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It stimulates the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and inhibits the activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. The protein possesses antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Physalospora piricola, but not against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Coprinus comatus. However, we could not detect antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

A modified assay system for enzymes involved in N-acetyl group transfer reactions: its use to study enzymes involved in ornithine biosynthesis in plants.

A new method for assaying the enzymes N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.35) and acetyl-coenzyme A:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.1) has been designed. This assay system is based on the separation of N-[14C]acetylglutamate from N-[14C]acetylornithine or [14C]acetyl-coenzyme A by differential absorption of these compounds to DEAE anion-exchange disks. The procedure is simple and sensitive and eliminates the use of ion-exchange resin columns. Using the present method, the inhibition of the enzyme N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase by alpha-methylornithine and N-bromoacetylornithine was studied.

Acetylation↗

Ion exchange analysis of porphyrins in urine.

An easy and cheap analysis of total prophyrin in urine is described based on the ion exchange resin Dovex 2 X 8, 50--100 mesh. Recovery of added porphyrin varied between 65 and 90% for uro- and 70 and 95% for coproporphyrin. The use of the method with internal standard is described and exemplified. Ammoniacal solutions of crystalline free porphyrins were used as standards.

Humans↗

The chromatographic behaviour of wasp venom kinin, kallidin and bradykinin.

Wasp venom kinin which has hitherto appeared to be homogeneous can be resolved by ionexchange chromatography into a single major and two minor components. These are indistinguishable by their action on smooth muscle and by their rapid inactivation by chymotrypsin. All three components of wasp kinin are chromatographically different from kallidin or bradykinin. The close similarity of the latter compounds is confirmed by their identical behaviour on an ion-exchange resin.

Animals↗

Studies on the ionic permeability of muscle cells and their models.

We studied the effect an alkali-metal ion exercised on the rate of entry of another alkali-metal ion into frog sartorius muscle cells and their models (i.e., ion exchange resin and sheep's wool). In the case of frog muscle, it was shown that the interaction fell into one of four categories; competition, facilitation, and two types of indifference. The observed pK value (4.6 to 4.7) of the surface anionic groups that combine with the alkali-metal ions suggests that they are beta- or gamma-carboxyl groups of proteins on the cell surface. The results were compared with four theoretical models which included three membrane models (continuous lipoid membrane with carrier; leaky membrane with carrier; membrane with fixed ionic sites) and one bulk-phase model. This comparison led to the conclusion that the only model that is self-consistent and agrees with all of the experimental facts is the one based on the concept that the entire living cell represents a proteinaceous fixed-charge system; this model correctly predicts all four types of interaction observed.

Animals↗

[Determination of neomycin in the film-forming aerosol preparation "Neotizol'"].

A colorimetric method for guantitative determination of neomycin in the aerozol preparation "Neotizol" was developed. The determination was performed after neomycin isolation from the film-forming composition with the carboxylic ion exchange resins IRC-50 and KB-2 containing 2.5-3 per cent of divinylbenzol. The results of the colorimetric determination were compared with the data of the microbiological assay. The results of neomycin determination in the aerozol preparation "Neotizol" were treated statistically.

Aerosols↗

Capture, transport, and maintenance of live squid (Loligo pealei) for electrophysiological studies.

The capture, transport, and maintenance of live adult Atlantic coast squid (Loligo pealei) are described. The objective was to obtain healthy live squid from a coastal region and to maintain them at an inland research facility long enough to provide at least 4 days of electrophysiological research. An inexpensive closed aquarium system is described, which utilizes an ion-exchange resin in the filter, that allows a typical survival time of at least 4.5 days. Similar closed aquarium systems may be of interest to other biophysicists who wish to maintain live squid away from coastal research facilities.

Animal Husbandry↗

[Ion-exchange hemosorption in the intensive therapy of liver insufficiency in patients with obstructive jaundice].

Hemosorption on thromboresistant ion-exchange resins synthetized at D. I. Mendeleev Moscow Chemical Technological Institute (MCTI) was used in combined therapy of hepatic failure. Use was made of anion-exchange resin A-I-II MCTI, catonit C-I-II MCTI, polyampholit. Stability of hemodynamic parameters, absence of blood element disturbances, effective sampling of anionic and cationic metabolites have been observed.

Aged↗

Production of 166Ho through 164Dy(n, gamma)165Dy(n, gamma)166Dy(beta-)166Ho and separation of 166Ho.

After irradiation with thermal neutrons 164Dy produces 166Ho through the nuclear reaction: 164Dy(n, gamma) 165Dy(n, gamma) 166Dy beta- --> 166Ho. 166Ho has been separated from the bulk dysprosium target with the help of HPLC using Aminex A7 ion exchanger resin and alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid (alpha-HIBA) as the mobile phase. The separation was quantitative and without any contamination from the dysprosium target. Method has also been developed to produce holmium free of alpha-HIBA ligands. Attempts have been made to produce no-carrier-added recoiled 166Ho and 165Dy in water.

Chemical Fractionation↗

Paraquat poisoning in man.

In three cases of intoxication by Gramoxone¿, the concentration of paraquat dichloride in blood, dialysate, feces, and urine was determined spectrophotometrically after a clean-up of the biological material by means of ion exchange chromatography (with Dowex 50W-X12 or Zeo-Karb 225). Although good results were obtained after clean-up with Dowex 50W-X12, Zeo-Karb was preferred as ion exchange resin, especially when large sample volumes were needed for the determination. The reported findings indicate that: only 5 to 10% of an ingested dose of paraquat dichloride is absorbed in man, Fullers' earth is very useful, and that primary, e.g. immediate, hemodialysis is necessary.

Adult↗

[Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the potassium balance with special reference to infusion therapy].

Following a short review of the physiological regulation of body potassium diagnostic procedures to detect disturbances in potassium balance are cited. The limited value of serum potassium concentration is emphasized. Possible caused of potassium deficiency and prophylactic measures to prevent negative potassium balance are summarized including oral and parenteral potassium administration. A synopsis of the causes of hyperkalemia is followed by a description of therapeutical measures. Chronic hyperkalemia may be treated by oral or rectal administration of ion-exchange resins, while acute lifethreatening hyperkalemia is corrected by infusion of isotonic saline, glucose and insulin, and calcium gluconate as well as by correction of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate. In patients with intact renal function these measures will generally result in rapid correction of increased serum potassium levels.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

Simultaneous gas chromatographic analysis for the four commonly used antiepileptic drugs in serum.

We describe a simple, sensitive method for the determination of phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine and primidone in serum, by use of gas-liquid chromatography with temperature programming. The methylated derivatives of these anticonvulsants were well resolved, as was 5-(p-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, the internal standard. In this procedure we used an ion-exchange resin for separation of the drug from the serum. The proposed procedure requires only 1.0 ml of serum and can be done in less than 1 h. The lower limit of detection for each of the drugs is 0.5 mg/1. Analytical recoveries of drug from serum were excellent and peak height and concentration were linearly related up to twice the toxic concentration for serum.

Anticonvulsants↗

Recommended method for the analysis of amino acids in biological materials.

Fifty-five ninhydrin-positive compounds in physiological fluids were determined with a Hitachi Model KLA-5 amino acid analyzer by a two-column chromatographic procedure. Both columns were packed with Hitachi Custom 2618 ion-exchange resin. The total analysis time was 9.5 h. In this procedure, particularly glucosamine, mannosamine and galactosamine were separated completely from normal "protein" amino acids, and NG-monomethylarginine, NG, NG-dimethylarginine and NG,NG-dimethylarginine, which were present in the myelin basic protein of several species and excreted in human urine, were separated from other basic amino acids. The method is useful for various applications with biological materials.

Amino Acids↗