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Results for “Injections, Intramuscular”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis treated with intramuscular injection of glucocorticoid].

Effects and side effects of injectable depot steroid in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever) are described. A few controlled studies have shown injectable steroids to be superior to the effect of placebo and locally applied steroid. Over a period of 10 years from 1984-95 only 26 registered side effects were reported to the central Danish register for side effects of drugs (Laegemiddelstyrelsens Bivirkningsregister). Only eight concerned subcutaneous atrophy and in two cases the cutaneous changes persisted. Based on registration of number of treatments in the county of Funen 1996, it is estimated that the use of injectable depot steroids for treatment of hay fever accounts for about 535,000 DDD (defined daily doses corresponding to about 33,000 treatments per year). We conclude that the use of injectable corticosteroids in the treatment of hay fever is common and effective and side effects are very rare. However, injectable corticosteroids should only be used when conventional treatment is not sufficient to control symptoms.

Betamethasone↗
PubMed1999

A single intramuscular injection with an adenovirus-expressing IL-12 protects BALB/c mice against Leishmania major infection, while treatment with an IL-4-expressing vector increases disease susceptibility in B10.D2 mice.

Experimental infection of the susceptible BALB/c (H-2d) mouse with the intracellular parasite Leishmania major induces a predominant Th2-type T cell response that eventually leads to death. In contrast, the resistant B10.D2 (H-2d) strain develops Th1 cells that control parasite replication and disease. In this study, we tested the ability of a recombinant adenovirus vector-expressing IL-12 to skew the immune response in a Th1 direction and prevent leishmaniasis in susceptible mice. We report that BALB/c mice treated with the Ad5IL-12 vector on the same day as parasitic challenge are significantly protected against leishmaniasis and acquired long-lasting immunity, because upon rechallenge with L. major parasites they were resistant to disease. The vector-derived IL-12 expression was transient and highly localized to the tissue after i.m. injection; it caused an increase in the number of Ag-specific IFN-gamma-secreting lymphocytes and enhanced NK cell activity in the draining popliteal node. In contrast, resistant B10.D2 mice given i.m. injections with a recombinant adenovirus-expressing IL-4 displayed greater susceptibility to disease, and severe lesions were produced in some of the infected animals. These results suggest the potential use of recombinant adenoviruses expressing cytokines as potent immunomodulatory agents for the generation of protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1982

Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of nandrolone and/or its metabolites after intramuscular injection of nandrolone phenylpropionate to horses.

A radioimmunological method was used as a screening procedure to determine the period of detection or "clearance time", for the horse, of therapeutic doses of the synthetic anabolic steroid nandrolone phenylpropionate. Seven horses, either at rest or being exercised, were given a course of weekly intramuscular injections of the steroid. On the separate occasion, some of the horses were given a single intramuscular injection of the same compound. The weekly injections maintained a high plasma concentration of nandrolone and/or metabolites. The mean (+/- sd) period of detection in plasma of these compounds was 23 (+/- 2) days (range 21 to 25) in resting horses and 20 (+/- 6) days (range 14 to 27) in exercised animals. The mean period of detection in urine was 25 (+/- 7) days (range 16 to 32) and 25 (+/- 12) days (range 9 to 38) for resting and exercised horses, respectively. After a single intramuscular injection to resting horses, the mean periods of detection were 12(+/- 2) days (range 9 to 15) and 13 (+/- 2) days (range 11 to 16) in plasma and urine, respectively. In all experiments there was considerable individual variation in the time taken for the plasma and urine concentrations to return to pre-dose values. This variation was particularly marked in the urine of exercised horses given a course of injections. With horses in training, this period may be over 5 weeks, a period approaching the minimum of 42 days advocated by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons that the therapeutic use of anabolic steroids should be discontinued before racing.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1977

The effects of intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha in failed abortions.

Intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (15-Me-PGF2alpha) induced abortion in 38 patients who had failed to abort with other techniques, such as intra-amniotic instillation of saline or PGF2alpha and intravaginal insertion of prostaglandin-impragnated Silastic devices. The intramuscular injections of 15-Me-PGF2alpha were initiated when the original abortion techniques, even when augmented by intravenous oxytocin, failed to produce expulsion of the fetus. The dose schedule was 250 microgram or 500 microgram every 2 to 4 hours, and the concomitant intravenous oxytocin was continued at a rate of 167 mU/minute. Of the 38 patients, 26 aborted with two or fewer injections of 15-Me-PGF2alpha, and 30 patients required only 1 mg of the drug to expel the fetus successfully. The mean time from the first injection of 15-Me-PGF2alpha to the expulsion of the fetus was 5.25 hours; one-half of the patients aborted in less than 4 hours. The placenta was expelled spontaneously in 15 patients, removed manually from the vagina in 18, and removed by sponge forceps in 3. Two abortions were incomplete and surgical intervention was required. Twenty-eight patients (74%) experienced gastrointestinal disturbances, chiefly vomiting and diarrhea. Intramuscular administration of 15-Me-PGF2alpha eliminates the need for repeated amniocentesis, and the dose may be adjusted to meet the precise requirements of the clinical situation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2005

Anti-influenza virus activity of peramivir in mice with single intramuscular injection.

In the event of an influenza outbreak, antivirals including the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, peramivir, oseltamivir, and zanamivir may provide valuable benefit when vaccine production is delayed, limited, or cannot be used. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of a single intramuscular injection of peramivir in the mouse influenza model. Peramivir potently inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme N9 from H1N9 virus in vitro with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 1.3+/-0.4 nM. On-site dissociation studies indicate that peramivir remains tightly bound to N9 NA (t(1/2)>24h), whereas, zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate dissociated rapidly from the enzyme (t(1/2)=1.25 h). A single intramuscular injection of peramivir (10mg/kg) significantly reduces weight loss and mortality in mice infected with influenza A/H1N1, while oseltamivir demonstrates no efficacy by the same treatment regimen. This may be due to tight binding of peramivir to the N1 NA enzymes similar to that observed for N9 enzyme. Additional efficacy studies indicate that a single injection of peramivir (2-20mg/kg) was comparable to a q.d.x 5 day course of orally administered oseltamivir (2-20mg/kg/day) in preventing lethality in H3N2 and H1N1 influenza models. A single intramuscular injection of peramivir may successfully treat influenza infections and provide an alternate option to oseltamivir during an influenza outbreak.

Acids, Carbocyclic↗
PubMed1996

Using pressure to decrease the pain of intramuscular injections.

The purpose of this study was to determine if applying pressure to the site for 10 sec prior to an intramuscular injection would reduce injection pain, an approach suggested by anecdotal observation and the gate control theory. The subjects were 93 patients who had dorsogluteal intramuscular injections of immune globulin at a county health department. Forty-eight received the pressure treatment and 45 received a standard injection in which no pressure was applied. Mean pain intensity on a 100-mm visual analogue scale, adjusted for differences in injection volume, was 13.6 mm for the experimental group and 21.5 mm for the control group (P = 0.03). The findings suggest that simple manual pressure applied to the site is a useful technique to decrease injection pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Annual intramuscular injection of a megadose of cholecalciferol for treatment of vitamin D deficiency: efficacy and safety data.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an annual intramuscular injection of cholecalciferol for vitamin D deficiency. DESIGN: Prospective open-label study. PARTICIPANTS: Five men and 45 women (mean age 66.3 years) with vitamin D deficiency who were given a single therapeutic intramuscular injection of 600 000 IU (15 mg) cholecalciferol (vitamin D(3)). OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of calcium, creatinine, 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD(3)) and parathyroid hormone, as well as early morning 2-hour urine calcium/creatinine excretion index. Specimens were collected at baseline and after 4 and 12 months of therapy. Data are reported as mean +/- 1 SD. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency was severe (< 12.5 nmol/L) in one participant, moderate (12.5-24 nmol/L) in 14, and mild (25-49 nmol/L) in 35. Twenty-four participants (48%) had secondary hyperparathyroidism. Following intramuscular cholecalciferol injection, serum 25OHD(3) levels normalised in all participants and remained above 50 nmol/L throughout the study. Serum 25OHD(3) levels were significantly higher at 4 months (114 +/- 35 nmol/L), and 12 months (73 +/- 13 nmol/L) compared with baseline (32 +/- 8 nmol/L) (P < 0.001), increasing by an average of 128% over the 12 months. There was a corresponding decrease in serum parathyroid hormone levels at 4 months (6 +/- 3 pmol/L) and at 12 months (5.2 +/- 3 pmol/L), with a 30% decrease at 12 months from baseline (7.4 +/- 4 pmol/L) (P < 0.01). Primary hyperparathyroidism was unmasked in one participant at 4 months and mild hypercalcaemia (serum calcium, < 2.70 mmol/L) was noted in two participants (4%) at 12 months. Serum creatinine levels remained normal in all participants throughout the study, while increases in 2-hour urine calcium/creatinine excretion index were seen in 10 participants (20%) at 12 months, three of whom had had elevated values at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Once-yearly intramuscular cholecalciferol injection (600 000 IU) is effective therapy for vitamin D deficiency. While this therapy appears to be safe, the potential for developing hypercalciuria needs to be examined in a large randomised controlled trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Enhanced expression of recombinant dystrophin following intramuscular injection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based mini-chromosome vectors in mdx mice.

Gene transfer by direct intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA has been shown to be a safe, simple but relatively inefficient method for gene delivery in vivo. Eukaryotic plasmid expression vectors incorporating the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) origin of replication (oriP) and EBNA1 gene have been shown to act as autonomous episomally replicating gene transfer vectors which additionally provide nuclear matrix retention functions. Prolonged expression of a LacZ reporter gene and recombinant human dystrophin was shown using EBV-based plasmid vectors transfected into C2C12 mouse myoblast and myotube cultures. Intramuscular injection of EBV-based dystrophin expression plasmids into nude/mdx mice resulted in significant enhancement in the number of muscle fibres expressing recombinant dystrophin compared with a conventional vector. This effect was observed for over 10 weeks after a single administration. These results indicate the potential advantage of EBV-based expression vectors for focal plasmid-mediated gene augmentation therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and a range of other gene therapeutic applications.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analgesia following major gynecological laparoscopic surgery--PCA versus intermittent intramuscular injection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the use of patient-controlled analgesia to intermittent intramuscular injections of morphine following major gynecological laparoscopic procedures in order to assess differences in level of pain, sedation, episodes of nausea and/or vomiting, hospitalization time and patient satisfaction with their postoperative analgesia. METHODS: Seventy-two patients undergoing major gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomized to receive either postoperative analgesia via intermittent intramuscular injection of morphine (Group 1) or patient controlled analgesia (PCA-Group 2). All patients received anesthesia via a standardized protocol. Postoperative pain levels were recorded via a 10 cm visual analogue scale, and sedation scores were recorded on a standard PCA form. Episodes of nausea and vomiting were also recorded on the same form. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between intramuscular analgesia and PCA for any of the factors studied. Most significantly it was found that most patients ceased to require either form of parenteral analgesia within 24 hours of their procedure, regardless of the operating time. CONCLUSION: It is important for the surgeon to be aware of the effects of postoperative analgesia on his or her patients' level of satisfaction. We do not recommend the use of PCA analgesia following major laparoscopic gynecological surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of intramuscularly injected polyprenols on influenza virus infection in mice.

This study demonstrates the possibility of achieving a prophylactic effect by intramuscular injection of Abies sibirica polyprenols for the control of influenza virus infection in mice. One of the five polyprenol preparations tested, preparation N1, which had the lowest hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (8.6), produced a significant protective effect when injected in a dose of 2000 microg/mouse 2 days before aerosol infection of mice with influenza virus. A moderate protective effect was also observed using a second preparation, designated N2. One day after aerosol infection, animals pre-treated with 2000 microg doses of the polyprenol preparations or Hanks' solution showed no difference in the level of interferon accumulation in the lungs. Three days after injection of preparation N2 and N1, a significant decrease in spleen and thymus weights was, observed in the mice. One day after injection of these preparations, the number of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar tract of the mice exceeded almost twice that seen in mice treated with placebo. After 3 days, relative and absolute numbers of macrophages decreased, whereas those of lymphocytes increased significantly. Three days after the administration of preparations N1 and N2, macrophages became approximately twice as active in absorbing zymozan granules. Preparation N1 affected the system of superoxide radical anion production to a greater extent than preparation N2. The production of radical anions by the macrophages of the bronchoalveolar tract in the mice, 1 day after intramuscular injection of preparation N1, was significantly higher than that seen on day 3 and that induced by preparation N2 1 and 3 days after injection. These data indicate that emulsions of polyprenols that have relatively low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, inhibit influenza virus infection in mice through a modulation of the host immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tissue tolerance of intramuscular injectables and plasma enzyme activities in rats.

The local tissue damage after intramuscular injection caused by various commercially available injection solutions was determined in the albino rat, by measuring plasma activities of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase, the tissue activity of creatine phosphokinase, and macroscopic changes in the muscle at the injection site (gastrocnemius muscle). The plasma enzyme activities were determined 2, 6, 18, and 28 hr after the injection. After 28 hr the animals were sacrificed for macroscopic inspection of the injection site and for the determination of tissue enzyme activity. The tissue injury caused by the test substances correlated well with the elevated creatine phosphokinase activity (2 hr). The elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (18 hr) and lactate dehydrogenase (2 hr) activity as well as the loss of tissue creatine phosphokinase activity were less indicative of differences between test preparations. The i.p. administration of some of the test preparations caused increased enzyme activity without muscle damage, which could interfere with the test results. The creatine phosphokinase determination indicates the damage occurring immediately after the administration of the test solution, and the macroscopic inspection offers the possibility to obtain some information on the evolution of the muscular lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Intramuscular injection: an integrative research review and guideline for evidence-based practice.

Intramuscular injections (IM) are a common yet complex technique used to deliver medication deep into the large muscles of the body. More than 12 billion IM injections are administered annually throughout the world. However, it is not a benign procedure, and unsafe injection practices are estimated to have significant impacts on patient morbidity and mortality and result in millions of dollars in direct medical costs on an annual basis. Although there is significant research, spanning 8 decades, on the procedure and techniques of administering medications by the IM route, instruction materials and clinician practice do not always reflect research-based practice. An integrative review of the literature has resulted in the development of a guideline for evidence-based practice of IM injections. Use of this guideline can assist the clinician to maximize the therapeutic effects of administered medication while minimizing or eliminating patient injury and discomfort associated with IM injections.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of intramuscular injection techniques to reduce site discomfort and lesions.

The Z-track intramuscular injection technique was compared with the standard injection technique for incidence and severity of discomfort and lesions at the injection site. Fifty subjects received injections of meperidine hydrochloride alone or in combination with promethazine hydrochloride every 3 to 4 hours for a total of two to eight injections. Subjects served as their own controls by receiving both techniques. They were evaluated for the presence and severity of discomfort on a 4-point Likert scale. Injection site lesions were determined by visualization and palpation. The Z-track technique significantly decreased incidence of selected descriptors of discomfort and lesions at selected time intervals, severity of discomfort at selected time intervals, and severity of lesions at all time intervals postinjection.

Adult↗