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PubMed2005

Understanding experience through Gadamerian hermeneutics: an interview with Brian Phillips. Interview by Pamela Wood & Lynne Giddings.

Hermeneutic approaches to research focus on understanding and interpretation of experience but differ in process and emphasis. Gadamerian hermeneutics concentrates on expanding horizons of understanding through dialogue, between people or between a researcher and texts, in which taken-for-granted assumptions are examined and opinions willingly put at risk. This article is the fourteenth in a series of articles based on interviews with nursing and midwifery researchers, designed to offer the beginning researcher a first-hand account of the experience of using particular methodologies. It considers a Gadamerian hermeneutic research approach as interpreted by Brian Phillips (RN, PhD) in interview. Brian is Research Fellow in the Graduate School of Nursing and Midwifery at Victoria University of Wellington. For his PhD research Brian used Gadamerian hermeneutics to interpret four men's experiences of suicidality and the ideas of masculinity that might have shaped their understandings.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CAMDEX: a new psychogeriatric interview].

"The Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly" (CAMDEX) is a new structured interview developed for diagnostic of dementia and other psychogeriatric disorders frequent in the old age. The CAMDEX is composed of three main sections: 1) A clinical interview structured to obtain from the patient a systematized information about his present condition, his antecedents and his familiar history. 2) A short neuropsychological battery formed by several cognitive tests. 3) A structured interview to obtain independent information about relative or another informing person about the present state of the patient, his antecedents and his familiar history. The good results obtained by the original version of CAMDEX, as in clinical works as in epidemiological ones, have determined their translation and fitting in our environment. The present work shows the changes that have been necessary to insert in the original version in order that this interview may be used in our geriatric population.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Male nurses' experiences of providing intimate care for women clients.

AIM: This paper reports a study of male nurses' experiences of providing intimate care for women clients. BACKGROUND: The number of men entering the nursing profession has increased worldwide. As a consequence of the move to a more gender-balanced profession, debate has ensued over how intimate care should be performed when this requires male nurses to be physically close to women clients. As there was little previous work on this topic, we wished to provide nurses, clients and other healthcare professionals with a better understanding of male nurses' experiences of working with women clients and within a healthcare system where they often feel excluded. METHOD: Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with male nurses working in various clinical settings in Western Australia. Latent content analysis was used to analyse the interviews, which were carried out between June and July 2004. FINDINGS: Three themes were identified: the definition of intimate care, the emotional experience associated with providing intimate care and strategies used to assist in the delivery of intimate care for women clients. Providing intimate care for women clients was a challenging experience for male nurses. Participants described how it required them to invade these clients' personal space. Consequently, they often experienced various negative feelings and used several strategies to assist them during care delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Nurse educators should assist male nurses to be better prepared to interact with women clients in various settings. Furthermore, workplace environments need to provide additional support and guidance for male nurses to enable them to develop effective coping strategies to manage challenging situations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Barriers to obesity training for pediatric residents: a qualitative exploration of residency director perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Obesity affects many children and has serious health consequences. Pediatricians are expected to help halt this epidemic, but little is known about either existing obesity curricula during residency or barriers to curriculum development. PURPOSES: The purpose of the study was to explore the following topics related to obesity training in pediatric residencies: current training offered, perceived barriers to training, recommendations for improving training, and educators' attitudes and beliefs regarding the role of the pediatrician in obesity prevention and management. METHODS: We conducted in-depth interviews with a purposeful sample of pediatric residency program directors (n = 16), and analyzed them using grounded theory. RESULTS: Limited training is currently offered in the area of obesity prevention and management in pediatric residencies. We developed a taxonomy of barriers to curriculum development and recommendations for improving training based on analysis of participant interviews. We also describe the varied findings regarding program directors' attitudes and beliefs about the pediatricians' role in obesity prevention and management. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric residency program directors recognize obesity as a significant health issue, but little structured training is offered in this area. Numerous barriers limit curriculum development and implementation, but suggestions for curriculum development offered in these interviews may help in development of obesity curricula for pediatric residency programs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A semi-structured psychopathological interview conceived for the AMDP-3 scale and time-blind evaluation of videotapes (author's transl)].

In the process of adapting the German AMDP Psychopathology Scale into French and of analyzing its interrater-reliability, free AMDP interviews were tape-recorded and played back. It became rapidly evident that such interviews are incompatible with a comprehensive and reliable evaluation of psychopathology: the collected information is incomplete and variable from one interviewer to the other and even from one interview to the other by the same interviewer, which is particularly invalidating in case of video ratings. The present semi-structured interview is based on 140 videotaped recordings of non-psychiatric patients, of depressives and psychotics. Formulation of questions is seldom imperative; their sequence is only suggested and may be modified according to the interviewer's style and to the patient's pathology. Have been avoided questions too dependent on setting (community, hospital) or likely to disclose the first-interview or retest nature of the recording, thus allowing time-blind evaluations. The mean duration of the interview is 28 mn (less than 30 mn in 70% of the cases) for 126 items.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving utilization of preventive dental services by Medicaids-enrolled children: focus on the parents.

The Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) program was implemented in Washington State in 1995 to increase utilization of dental services for children enrolled in Medicaid. The program has increased utilization of services; nevertheless, only 54 percent of Medicaid-enrolled children in ABCD who received care were given a topical fluoride treatment. To gain a better understanding of why children may not be receiving topical fluoride treatment, we interviewed parents. Focus group research found strong parental support for preventive services. Parents were willing to take their children to regular dental visits, but lack of knowledge of benefits was common. This lack of knowledge translated into a failure to fully utilize the topical fluoride benefits. We recommend that the program continue to encourage participation of dentists, regularly update information about program benefits for both dentists and parents, and enhance the visibility of the program in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mothers' descriptions of the toilet-training process: a phenomenologic study.

Mastery of independent toileting is a major developmental milestone for both children and parents, yet little research has been done on the topic since the early 1960s. Since little empirical data exists on the topic, a phenomenologic approach was used to identify components of the toileting process from the mother's perspective and to identify concepts germane to the toileting process to be studied in future research. Based upon analysis of tape-recorded, open-ended interviews, five recurring themes were identified: timing, trajectories of successes and failures, strategies, mother influencers, and child traits and skills. The recurring themes suggested a commonality of experiences, even though individual stories of the transition from diapers to underpants were unique for each child.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[From isolated work to teamwork? Changes in Western German community nursing from 1950 to 1980].

Community nursing in Western Germany has received little attention from nurse historians. The period from 1950 to 1980 can be seen as a major shift from the single nurse's independent work to more teamwork. So far, changes during this period have not been analysed from the perspective of individual nurses. To illuminate this period of change, primary historical sources including archives and contemporaneous reports and journals were analysed. In addition an oral history approach was used to get an awareness of individual nurses' experiences. For this purpose interviews with five community nurses were conducted. Changes during the analysed period were perceived from different angles by the nurses. The analysis of the journal texts written by nurses and the interviews revealed the following categories: independence and freedom, working together, bureaucracy. Not all nurses were happy to lose the independence in their work. The new teamwork was not always welcomed although some nurses recognised the advantages of supporting each other. Increasing bureaucracy was a topic raised in the interviews but not in the journals. It can be concluded that the oral history approach is a suitable method to give individual nurses a voice.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2001

A study of videoconferencing for postgraduate continuing education in dentistry in the UK--the teachers' view.

Videoconferencing is an established method for providing medical education over long distances. Our aims were to assess the feasibility of videoconferencing in dental postgraduate education, to evaluate its practicability, teacher satisfaction and evaluate equipment. Twenty-seven teachers from the 4 London Dental Schools provided 41 postgraduate dental education sessions on a range of topics to regional postgraduate centres and dental practices as part of the Thames Health Region's programme. Videoconferencing was carried out using a relatively inexpensive personal computer system link using ISDN2 telephone lines and Z350 protocol. Presenter views and assessment were obtained by questionnaire, interview and videotape. Teachers felt that minimal additional preparation time was required for videoconferencing and 21/27 preferred it to in-person teaching, most noting the saving in travel time. Only 3 of the teachers were dissatisfied with their ability to communicate, 4 were equivocal and 20 were either pleased or very pleased. The teachers largely enjoyed the experience and performed well in the new medium. However, sound quality proved inadequate in 5/41 links and most sessions included some periods of suboptimal sound. Only 4 teachers were satisfied with their ability to perform question and answer interaction with the audience. We conclude that experienced teachers adapt readily to videoconferencing and learn to communicate effectively very quickly. Teachers were positive about the medium despite its shortcomings and improvements in sound quality would allow a rapid expansion of postgraduate dental education by videoconference.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗