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Results for “Joint Capsule”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Ipsilateral sternoclavicular joint dislocation and clavicle fracture.

A case of an ipsilateral sternoclavicular (SC) joint dislocation and clavicle fracture is reported. Two hours postinjury an open reduction and internal fixation of the fractured clavicle was performed using a Kirschner wire plus a stainless steel cerclage wire. This was followed by a surgical repair of the SC joint capsule. The Kirschner wire and cerclage wires were removed 10 months later. The patient had complete recovery of shoulder function.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in temporomandibular joint soft tissues of monkey.

The distribution of substance P-immunoreactive and silver impregnated nerve fibers in the temporomandibular joint soft tissues of the Macaca fascicularis monkey was investigated in frozen sections. The pattern of substance P-immunoreactive structures in the soft tissues and periosteum of the temporomandibular joint was compared with the distribution of silver impregnated nerve fibers within these tissues. Presence of substance P-immunoreactive fibers was demonstrated in the temporomandibular joint capsule, disc attachments, fascia, adjacent periosteum and within the interfascicular connective tissue of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The overall distribution corresponded to that of silver impregnated nerve fibers. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the adventitia of arteries in all vascularized temporomandibular joint soft tissues but could not be found in the adventitia of veins. No substance P-immunoreactive or silver impregnated nerve fibers were seen in the dense collagenous tissue forming the disc. Substance P is suggested to influence the major features of inflammation and to play a role in acute and chronic pain conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[The overgrowth of cartilaginous and fibrous structures in Paget's Disease (author's transl)].

The overgrowth of cartilaginous and fibrous tissue of the spine in Paget's disease is described in long-term follow-up studies. On cervical manifestation the disease progressed from one vertebrae to the other with destruction of the intervertebral discs, fusion of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral joints and shortening of the affected area. On the lower thoracic and lumbar spine osteomalacia with collapse of the vertebral bodies and biconvex deformities of the discs were seen in the initial period. Several years later the discs flattened, vaulted and fused in the periphery by dystrophic bone. Fusion of the corresponding intervertebral joints and ossification fo the intervertebral ligaments developed. The involved spine was shortened. The sarcroiliacal joint spaces were obliterated in cases with involvement of adjacent bones by Paget's disease. The overgrowth advanced from the periphery towards the center. Ankylosis of sacroiliacal joints has also been observed without fusion of the intervertebral disc spaces. Relatively low age, loss of height, invalidating bone pains and osteomalacia of the pelvis were the main features in cases with spinal changes. Osteomalacia of the spine followed by ossification of intervertebral ligaments and joint capsules and later by vertebral fusion are considered to be a special form of Paget's disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Proximal interphalangeal joint dorsal dislocations without fractures--four cases report].

Four patients with proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) dorsal dislocation without fracture had been treated at Chang Gung Memorial Branch (Kaohsiung and Keelung) Hospital from June 1987 to Jan. 1989. All four cases were open dislocations, only one patient received immediate diagnosis and treatment, while the other 3 cases were delayed diagnosis and treatment. Open reduction, repair of the ruptured ligaments and joint capsule, reinsertion of the disrupted volar plate were given in these 4 patients. The patient with immediate surgical treatment received rehabilitation program, the other three patients with delay surgical management did not receive rehabilitation program. The rehabilitation program included early active exercises of the PIP joint, started from the second week postoperatively. The rehabilitation period was about three to six months. The prompt diagnosis, reduction, institution of appropriate treatment and rehabilitation might result in better function of the PIP joint after dorsal dislocation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

The interposition of Lyodura in operations for ankylosis of the temporo-mandibular joint. An experimental study using pigs.

Experimental investigations using domestic pigs were carried out in order to study the subject of resorption of lyophilized Dura (Lyodura) interposed in the region of the temporo-mandibular joint after operations for ankylosis. The condyle of the mandible was partially resected on one or both sides, the joint capsule and disc excised and the mandibular fossa stripped of cartilage. Lyodura was interposed between the surfaces of the bones and intravital sequential labelling of the bones was carried out using fluorochromes. The animals were sacrificed after 18, 36, 50 and 120-130 days and the joint region excised. Undecalcified microtome (5-8 mu) and ground sections were prepared and contact microradiographs made. It was found that the Lyodura remained in place in spite of the mechanical loading until it was assimilated by a foreign body reaction and replaced by largely collagenous, endogenous connective tissue. Spaces similar to the joint cavity and lined with pseudosynovia were found after 120-130 days.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Iliopsoas abscess following catheterization of the femoral artery: diagnostic and treatment strategies.

The following case is presented to illustrate the necessity of arthrotomy of the hip when an iliopsoas abscess lies adjacent to the hip joint capsule. Arthrotomy of the hip through a separate incision adds minimal morbidity, does not expose the hip to the abscess, and assures the surgeon that the hip has been debrided. This is important considering the 15% incidence of communication of the iliopsoas bursa with the hip joint.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1981

Reciprocal relationship of synovial fluid volume and oxygen tension.

To investigate the impact of synovial fluid volume on oxygen tension (PO2) and other metabolic correlates, 24 specimens of synovial fluid from the knees of 22 patients were analyzed for volume, number of leukocytes (WBC), pH, PO2, PCO2, glucose, protein, and complement (CH50) levels. Concurrent arterial blood samples were obtained in 21 instances. Synovial fluid PO2 values varied inversely with volumes of synovial fluid (r = -0.54, P less than 0.01), but when patients with rheumatoid arthritis were excluded, the correlation was more significant (r = -0.76, P less than 0.001). When synovial fluid PO2 dropped below 45 mm Hg, intraarticular acidosis resulted. The decrease in pH (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001), the lowering of glucose values (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001), and the rise in PCO2 (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01) can be explained by a shift toward anaerobic metabolism coupled with the impaired elimination of its products. Systemic acidosis and hypoxia were not found. Intraarticular hypoxia most likely represents circulatory imbalance at the level of the synovial membrane, although an inverse relationship of synovial fluid PO2 and WBC was also noted. Complement and protein levels had no correlation with volume, pH, or respiratory gas tensions of synovial fluids. Our data support the importance of the effective blood flow to the joint in maintaining homeostasis. The volume of synovial effusion and the compliance of the joint capsule appear to be important determinants of the articular blood supply.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The Tikhoff-Linberg procedure for bone tumors of the proximal humerus: the classical "extensive" technique versus a modified "transglenoid" resection.

The authors report on two groups of patients (each with 12) with primary bone tumors of the humerus who underwent either a classical Tikhoff-Linberg (T-L) procedure or a modified technique by which the body of the scapula was saved. The latter procedure was an "en bloc" resection of the glenohumeral joint after an extra-capsular osteotomy of the neck of the scapula, followed by reconstruction with a modular prosthesis. Indications, perioperative differences, and complications of both procedures are discussed. Besides producing better aesthetic and functional results, the modified technique offered the advantages of shorter anesthesia time, less blood loss, and a better anchorage of the prosthesis. The results of this study show that the proposed modification of the T-L procedure is indicated in patients with bone tumors of the proximal humerus in which invasion of the joint capsule is present without macroscopic involvement of the glenoid.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Intraoral myotomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle for treatment of recurrent dislocation of the mandibular condyle.

This article describes an intraoral procedure for myotomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle as treatment of recurrent dislocation of the mandibular condyle and five treated cases are presented. In none of the cases were anatomic structures damaged, and none of the patients has developed recurrence. The main effect of this treatment is ascribed to scarring anterior to the joint capsule, limiting excursion of the condyle. Although the follow-up is limited, the results seem promising.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Seronegative spondylarthropathies: imaging of spondylitis, enthesitis and dactylitis.

Sacroiliitis is an indispensable condition for the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis according to the present criteria and is usually diagnosed on standard anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis. In cases with suspicious abnormalities (grade 1 of the New York criteria) CT permits the diagnosis since it shows a higher degree of sacroiliitis. MRI is superior to CT in the early diagnosis as it can detect the cartilage abnormalities which precede bony changes. 'Romanus lesions' with 'shiny corners', 'squaring' of the vertebral bodies, syndesmophytes, spondylodiscitis and osteoporosis are the radiological findings of ankylosing spondylitis. The nonmarginal, asymmetric, coarse and broad syndesmophytes of psoriatic spondylitis and spondylitis associated with Reiter's syndrome resemble the flowing bone outgrowths of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and of the flavum ligament are rare manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. Peripheral extra-articular enthesitis is a clinical hallmark of seronegative spondylarthropathies. Plain film radiography shows erosions and spurs but only in advanced phases. US shows the swelling of the entheses and the peritendinous soft tissues and the distension of adjacent bursae by fluid collection. MRI shows the inflammation of the bone adjacent to the insertion as well as the soft tissue changes. Dactylitis is another typical manifestation of seronegative spondylarthropathies. In the past it was thought to be due to concomitant tenosynovitis and arthritis. Recently, however, we have demonstrated with US and MRI that the 'sausage-like' appearance is due to the flexor tenosynovitis and that joint capsule distension is not indispensable.

Bone Remodeling↗

PubMed2000

The arterial supply of the carpal joint in the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus).

The arterial supply of the six carpal joints was studied in Bactrian camels. The arterial branches supplying the carpal joints were the proximal medial dorsal, middle medial dorsal, distal medial dorsal, proximal lateral dorsal, distal lateral dorsal, proximal medial palmar, distal medial palmar, lateral palmar, proximal palmar and dorsal palmar carpi and the dorsal interosseous antebrachium branches. Some small unnamed branches supplied the diverticulum and the antebrachiocarpal joint capsule. All these arteries arose from the lateral and medial branches of the radial artery.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Ganglions of the hand and wrist.

The ganglion is the most common soft tissue tumor of the hand and wrist, originating from the joint capsule or tendon sheath. Accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of these entities require a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the wrist and hand as well as of the ganglion itself. Definitive therapy is based on total surgical removal of the cyst and its connections to the joint or tendon sheath.

Hand↗

PubMed1996

Unstable stifles without clinical or radiographic osteoarthritis in young goats: an experimental study.

Thirteen young, castrated male goats had instability of one stifle (knee joint) created by surgical transection of the cranial cruciate ligament, but did not develop any signs of osteoarthritis (OA) in treated joints when confined in limited space for 8 months. At the end of the experiment, the instability in the stifles had not improved, the joints were normal at radiographic examination, there were no signs of inflammation in the synovial membrane or joint capsule, and fibrosis in these tissues was not evident. The articular cartilage was normal both visually and histologically. This may indicate that the young age of the goats and the restricted physical activity on soft floor had prevented the expected development of OA in the experimentally operated joints. Synovial fluid volumes and proteoglycan concentration were measured in the treated and control joints in 6 of the goats. There seemed to be increased quantity of the proteoglycan aggrecan in the synovial fluid from the treated joints compared to the contralateral joints throughout the course of this study. It was concluded that the turnover of aggrecan in the articular cartilage of the treated joints may have been increased.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Hypoplasia of the humeral trochlea.

Radiographic studies of three cases of hypoplasia of the humeral trochlea were done. Several other anomalies were also detected, including a hypoplastic capitellum in case 2, a hyperplastic radial head in cases 2 and 3, and bulging of the loose joint capsule in case 3. Operations in cases 1 and 3, disclosed that ganglions and fibrous septa compressed the ulnar nerve. The cause of ulnar nerve palsy in patients with hypoplasia of the humeral trochlea is thought to be associated with the high incidence of ganglions in hypoplastic elbow joints. The ganglion may play a role.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Arthrography of the wrist.

Eighty-four wrist arthrograms were performed on 76 patients with posttraumatic wrist pain. Instillation of a small amount of contrast media into the radiocarpal joint under fluoroscopic control was helpful in delineating specific areas of pathology about the wrist. Comparison of the arthrographic findings with the plane films of 74 patients and the operative findings of 24 patients revealed that the arthrogram was most helpful in delineating perforations of the scapholunate ligament, the lunotriquetral ligament, the triangular fibrocartilage complex, and the wrist joint capsule.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Diagnosis and surgical repair of stifle luxation in a spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca).

This report describes stifle luxation resultant from multiple ligamentous injuries in a spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca). Despite an absence of obvious trauma in the case history, the tortoise presented with acute, unilateral hind limb lameness. Diagnosis of stifle luxation was based on cranial drawer motion, increased rotational joint instability. and radiographic findings. Joint stabilization was accomplished by a combination of cranial cruciate reconstruction using an autograft of lateral vastus muscle in an over-the-top procedure and lateral imbrication of the joint capsule. Postoperative management included restriction of limb movement for 6 wk and parenteral chondroprotective regime. Treatment was effective in restoring clinically normal function to the limb.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Complications of Chiari and Salter osteotomies: a cadaver study.

Previous investigations of the Chiari and Salter osteotomies showed that intraoperative vessel and nerve injuries are described repeatedly in the case of both pelvic osteotomies. The aim of our investigations was the exposure of each operation step in anatomic specimens to show the anatomic landmarks and potential risks. We performed nine Chiari osteotomies and five Salter osteotomies on formalin-fixed cadavers. The operation steps were made consecutively to assess the risks to the vessels and nerves as well as the determination of anatomically important reference points. In both procedures an injury of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at the anterior access route is feasible. By ensuring that the skin including the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is pulled medially, injury can be avoided. Additionally, too long retraction of the tensor fasciae latae muscle injures its nutrient vessels. An inadequate subperiosteal approach during the pull on the Hohmann's retractor leads to crushing and irritation of the sciatic nerve. Moreover, there is a risk that the superior gluteal nerve as well as the superior gluteal artery may be injured. An inadequate subperiosteal application of the medial Hohmann's retractor can endanger the obturator nerve. In the Chiari osteotomy there is a risk of injury to the articular branch of the superior gluteal nerve, which supplies parts of the ventral hip joint capsule. By inserting the K-wire too far medially the internal oblique muscle is endangered. Too prolonged retraction of the iliopsoas muscle in a Salter osteotomy can lead to compression of the femoral nerve. The form of the osteotomy has an influence on the stability of the hip joint in the course of exposure of the hip joint. On account of the narrow spatial connection between the anatomic pathways and the osteotomy area, strict subperiosteal dissection and careful use of the retractor are essential to avoid nerve and vessel injuries.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical picture of anterior instability of the shoulder joint].

The authors have studied the clinical picture of 360 patients with primary traumatic dislocations and the long-term results have been observed in 286 patients. The analysis of 50 arthrotomies of the shoulder performed in cases of anterior instability has been made. A direct relationship between the clinical course of instability and the severity of the intra-articular lesions appearing during the first traumatic dislocation has been established. Such lesions include ruptures or avulsions of the anterior portion of the cartilage wall, ruptures of the joint capsule, avulsion of the capsule from the neck of the scapula, fractures of the anterior border of the glenoid cavity, compression fracture of the posterior lateral portion of the head of the humerus, etc, Inadequate treatment of traumatic dislocation leads to instability in the form of frequent dislocations or subluxations in the shoulder joint. The surgical treatment of the instability should be directed at the reconstruction of the injured structures of the shoulder joint.

Adult↗