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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Eyelid and lacrimal abscesses].

Nonspecific eyelid abscesses are rare, whereas periorbital infections occur more frequently. Localisation of a maximum number of inflammatory signs is essential for diagnosis. A superior external localisation suggest dacryoadenitis or infection of a dermal cyst and the end of the eyebrow. An internal canthal localisation would reflect lacrimal disorder. In the adult, the main cause of infection is acute dacryocystitis. After antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug treatment, dacryocystorhinotomy is necessary to preclude recurrence. In the newborn, bilateral forms of dilatation of the lacrimal sacs can lead to respiratory distress. The treatment of choice is resection of the endonasal pouches.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland].

Joint tumours of lacrimal glands are relatively frequent, especially the benign ones. The paper presents the case of a 52-year-old patient which presents a neoformation at the lacrimal gland level of right eye, size 20/10 mm, hard, irregular, mobile under the skin and on the subjacent planes. The tumour extirpation shows the epithelial component disposed in tubes or islands, separated by a conjunctive-hialine stroma and large areas of mixomatous transformation of it. The aspect being of joint benign tumour of lacrimal gland.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1994

Comparative influence of steroid hormones and immunosuppressive agents on autoimmune expression in lacrimal glands of a female mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome.

PURPOSE: Previous research has demonstrated that testosterone therapy causes a profound suppression of autoimmune disease in lacrimal glands of female mouse models of Sjögren's syndrome. The aim of the present study was to determine whether other anabolic androgens, nonandrogenic steroids, or immunosuppressive agents might duplicate this hormonal effect. For comparative purposes, we also evaluated the influence of these various pharmacologic compounds on the tear volume, the magnitude of lymphocyte infiltration in the submandibular gland, and the extent of mucosal and peripheral lymphadenopathy. METHODS: Female MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice were administered vehicle, steroids, or immunosuppressive compounds for 21 days after the onset of disease. Lacrimal glands and tears, as well as submandibular glands, spleens, and superior cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected immediately before or after treatment and then processed for analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that: (1) the immunosuppressive impact of testosterone on lymphocyte infiltration in lacrimal tissue was reproduced by the administration of 19-nortestosterone or cyclophosphamide, but not by therapy with 17 beta-estradiol, danazol, the experimental steroid Org 4094, cyclosporine A or dexamethasone; (2) treatment with testosterone, 19-nortestosterone, cyclophosphamide, or dexamethasone significantly reduced the extent of inflammation in salivary glands; (3) exposure to cyclophosphamide markedly diminished the size of lymphatic and splenic tissues, whereas glucocorticoid treatment only decreased the weight of superior cervical lymph nodes; and (4) administration of 17 beta-estradiol, Org 4094, or dexamethasone led to a significant decrease in tear volume. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results demonstrate that androgen or cyclophosphamide therapy may successfully ameliorate autoimmune expression in lacrimal and salivary glands of a female mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Failed dacryocystorhinostomy: the sump syndrome.

A dacryocystorhinostomy may fail due to a problem along the canaliculus, at the ostomy site of nasolacrimal sac to nose, due to an intranasal problem or related to the stent. The "sump syndrome" occurs when a residual nasolacrimal sac forms, collects fluids, and leads to tearing. This entity, although uncommon, has a characteristic clinical history and radiologic appearance.

Dacryocystorhinostomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphosarcoma of the lacrimal gland].

The malignant lymphoreticular tumours of the lacrimal gland are quite rare. A female patient 65 years old presents a neoformation at the level of the lacrimal gland of the left eye, adhering to the profound planes. The extirpation of the lacrimal gland shows a diffuse infiltrate with atypical cells, shape, volume and tinctorial inequalities with frequent atypical mitosis, having an aspect of lymphosarcoma. The lymphoreticular infiltrate exceeds the own capsule of the gland, so the patient must follow a roentgen-therapeutical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Centurion syndrome. Idiopathic anterior displacement of the medial canthus.

PURPOSE: To describe a series of patients with epiphora due to a medial canthal anomaly. This anomaly consists of an anterior displacement of the anterior limb of the medial canthal tendon and a prominent nasal bridge, with lid malposition away from the globe and displacement of the lacrimal puncta out of the tear lake. The authors use the term Centurion syndrome to describe this anomaly. METHODS: The history, results of examination, investigations, and surgical management and outcome of 13 patients with Centurion syndrome were reviewed. Seven patients were recalled for examination to complete patient details. RESULTS: All patients had epiphora since childhood, which worsened at puberty, and all were patent to syringing. Lacrimal scintillography (ten cases) showed a functional block at the inner canthus, with hold up of activity before entry into the sac. Surgery to restore lid globe apposition medially by release of the anterior limb of the medial canthal tendon (eight patients), sometimes combined with dacryocystorhinostomy (four patients), relieved the epiphora. CONCLUSION: There is a group of patients with unexplained epiphora due to a medial canthal anomaly, which the authors have termed Centurion syndrome. It is important to recognize this anomaly, as it can be corrected surgically by medial canthal tendon release or by medial canthal tendon release combined with dacryocystorhinostomy if there is concomitant lacrimal outflow obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Paradoxic effect of anti-CD4 therapy on lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.

PURPOSE: MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice (MRL/lpr) spontaneously develop lacrimal gland inflammatory lesions and are a model for the human disease Sjögren's syndrome. Therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to CD4 ameliorates the autoimmune renal, vasculitic, and intraocular inflammatory lesions in MRL/lpr mice. The effect of anti-CD4 mAb therapy on lacrimal gland immunopathology was evaluated. METHODS: From 1 to 5 months of age, MRL/lpr mice were treated with weekly intraperitoneal injections of 2 mg anti-CD4 mAb, after which they were killed and their lacrimal glands were removed for histologic evaluation and immunocytochemistry. Control mice were administered weekly intraperitoneal injections of either saline or normal rat immunoglobulin. RESULTS: Anti-CD4 mAb treatment produced no reduction in lacrimal gland inflammation but did change its morphology. In control mice, there were multiple sharply delineated foci of inflammatory cells in the lacrimal gland, whereas in anti-CD4 mAb-treated mice, there was a more diffuse inflammation surrounding ill-defined foci that spread throughout the gland. Immunocytochemistry revealed that in control mice, lesions were composed predominantly of CD4+ T cells, but in anti-CD4 mAb-treated mice, CD8+ T cells predominated. CONCLUSIONS: Although anti-CD4 mAb therapy of MRL/lpr mice eliminated autoimmune renal disease, autoantibody formation, and ocular inflammatory disease, it had a paradoxic effect on lacrimal gland lesions. Lacrimal gland lesions in the anti-CD4 mAb-treated mice were not decreased, but they had a different morphology and a different immunocytochemical profile.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Space-occupying lesions of the lacrimal gland in CT and MRI exemplified by 4 cases].

In an extended case report, we discuss four cases with masses in the lacrimal fossa representing the most important entities in this region (lymphoma, pleomorphadenoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, and malignant epithelial tumor). The different indications for CT and MRI are explained. For the differential diagnosis of lacrimal gland lesions, the following imaging parameters are important: the shape of the lacrimal gland, the inner structure, the degree of contrast enhancement, and the surrounding bony structures. In the evaluation of the expansion of lacrimal gland lesions, CT in thin slices with multiplanar reconstructions is equal to MRI. However, the contrast-enhancement of lacrimal glands is better evaluated with MRI than with CT. The bony structures are better visualized on CT than on MRI.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1996

Cyclosporine therapy suppresses ocular and lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.

PURPOSE: MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphoproliferation, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, autoantibody production, and ocular and lacrimal gland inflammation. Lacrimal gland lesions in MRL/lpr mice are a model for the human disorder Sjögren's syndrome. The target organ lesions in MRL/lpr mice, including those in the eye and lacrimal gland, are composed largely of CD4+ T cells, with lesser numbers of CD8+ T cells and B cells. Cyclosporine therapy was evaluated for its effect on the autoimmune disease, particularly in the eye and lacrimal gland. METHODS: MRL/lpr mice were administered cyclosporine intraperitoneally at a dosage of 2 mg daily from age 1 to 5 months. Animals were killed at 5 months and evaluated for the presence of autoimmune disease. Control groups consisted of animals given daily injections with either saline or the cyclosporine diluent. RESULTS: Cyclosporine therapy was effective in reducing the ocular and lacrimal gland disease. Intraocular inflammation was present in 73% of control animals but in only 15% of cyclosporine-treated animals (P < 0.003). Multifocal lacrimal gland inflammatory infiltrates were present in 100% of controls but in only 23% of cyclosporine-treated animals (P < 0.0001). Mean percent area involved by lacrimal gland inflammation was reduced from 19.7% to 4.7% by cyclosporine therapy (P = 0.0003). Systemic autoimmune disease manifestations, including lymphoproliferation, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and serologic abnormalities, also were improved. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic cyclosporine therapy, started at an early age, is effective in controlling the autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice, including the ocular and lacrimal gland lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of cytomegalovirus infection and replication in acinar epithelial cells of the rat lacrimal gland.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this investigation were threefold: to advance understanding of the nature and impact of herpesvirus infection in the lacrimal gland; to determine the influence of gender and sex hormones on viral infectivity and replication capacity in lacrimal tissue; and to compare the susceptibilities of lacrimal, submandibular, and parotid cells to viral invasion. METHODS: Acinar epithelial cells were isolated from lacrimal or salivary glands from intact, orchiectomized, ovariectomized, or sham-operated rats, cultured on Matrigel in serum-free media, and briefly exposed to rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV). Cells were then incubated for varying time intervals, and RCMV titers and secretory component (SC) levels in media or cell extracts were measured by plaque assay or radioimmunoassay. Exocrine glands also were obtained from rats after RCMV inoculation in vivo and were analyzed for viral infection. RESULTS: These findings demonstrated that RCMV invades the rat lacrimal gland after intravenous or intraperitoneal viral inoculation; RCMV infects and undergoes a time-, dose-, strain-, and gender-dependent replication in acinar epithelial cells from rat lacrimal tissue; the magnitude of RCMV replication in acinar epithelial cells in vitro may, in fact, induce an acute increase in the cellular production of SC; and the extent of viral replication in lacrimal and salivary gland epithelial cells displays distinct, tissue-specific variations. CONCLUSIONS: The herpesvirus RCMV invades and replicates in acinar epithelial cells from the rat lacrimal gland. The magnitude of the viral infection may be significantly influenced by gender and alterations in the hormonal environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Dacryocystography using CT and MRI. Comparative study apropos of 13 clinical cases].

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a dacryocystography and a watersoluble computed tomographic dacryocystography were compared in 13 prospective cases after facial traumas, infections or without previous history. All had either watering eyes, ephiphora or dacryocystitis. This study demonstrated the superiority of computed tomography which must be used in first intention for complexe problems of the lacrimal drainage system. Only tumoral pathology (very rare) requires Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Combined computed tomography and dacryocystography in the same time provide diagnostic precision and less radiation. Confortable for the patient by helicoidal acquisition, computed tomography is cheaper than a Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Adult↗