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Results for “Lithium Compounds”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Remakes of Colorlogic and IPS Empress ceramic restorations in general practice.

PURPOSE: The aim of this article was to study frequencies and distribution of remakes of all-ceramic inlays/onlays, veneers, and crowns occurring before and after cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,069 sintered feldspathic ceramic restorations (Colorlogic) and 1,136 pressure-molded ceramic restorations (IPS Empress 1 and 2) were produced during the study period by one dental laboratory. The laboratory gave an unqualified and unlimited guarantee for their ceramic restorations. The outcome variable was reports from the clinicians to the dental laboratory about any problems related to the restoration, necessitating remake. RESULTS: Problems occurring before cementation occurred in 4.4% of the restorations. Veneers were remade more frequently than the other types of restorations (6.6%). After cementation, the overall 2-year rate of remakes was 1%, indicating a survival rate of the ceramic restorations of 99%, with inlays/onlays exhibiting the highest (99.8%) and crowns the lowest (98.4%) rates. This difference in rates was significant. No significant differences in remakes between ceramics or tooth categories were found. CONCLUSION: There were few problems in a short- to medium-term perspective that, in the opinion of general practitioners, necessitated remakes of all-ceramic restorations.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2003

New sol-gel synthetic route to phospho-olivines as environmentally friendly cathodes for Li-ion cells.

A new sol-gel synthetic route was developed to prepare single-phase phospho-olivines LiMPO4 (M = Fe or Mn), potential cathode materials for the next generation of Li-ion secondary batteries. Triethyl phosphite was used as phosphate organic precursor, with absolute ethanol as solvent. The sol-gel synthesis ensures homogeneity of the precursors at the nanometric scale and improved reactivity, allowing to obtain very small agglomerates and crystal grain size. Several carbon sources were used in order to improve the electrochemical performances of the samples. Galvanostatic cycling tests of the cathodic materials were made on coin cells with Li metal as anode in order to study the influence of the synthesis and the structural-morphological characteristics on the electrochemical performance of the phosphate/C composite.

Conservation of Energy Resources↗
PubMed2003

Microleakeage and resin cement film thickness of luted all-ceramic and gold electroformed porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of single-unit all-ceramic and gold-electroformed crowns luted with a resin cement under laboratory conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty extracted maxillary premolars were selected. Standardized abutments were prepared for full-crown restorations with cervical margins located 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. Samples were divided into two groups (n = 15) based on type of restorative system: Group 1: a heat-pressed all-ceramic system (IPS Empress 2, Ivoclar-Vivadent); Group 2: a gold-electroformed porcelain-fused-to-metal system (Gramm Technik). Crowns were luted with Excite DSC bonding system (Ivoclar-Vivadent) and Variolink II resin cement (Ivoclar-Vivadent) following manufacturer's instructions. After luting procedures and 700 thermal cycles (5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, 1 min dwell time), 20 specimens (n = 10 per group) were randomly selected and processed for microleakage evaluation at cervical sites. The remaining specimens (n = 5 per group) were prepared for SEM investigation on film thickness. Microleakage and film thickness data were statistically evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Fifty percent of group 1 and 60% of group 2 samples showed leakage. For group 1, dye penetration was mostly observed between metal and resin material, while group 2 specimens showed leakage mainly between ceramic margins and resin cement. Samples from group 1 showed a cement thickness of 82 microm, while 71 microm was found for group 2. Statistically significant differences were not found between samples from the two groups. CONCLUSION: Regarding microleakage and film thickness, both restorative systems evaluated in this study performed similarly.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2004

[Survival rate of IPS-Empress 2 all-ceramic crowns and bridges: three year's results].

The objective of this prospective clinical study was to calculate the survival rate of IPS-Empress2 crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPD) over a three-year period. In 43 patients 27 IPS-Empress2 crowns and 31 fixed partial dentures were adhesively luted. Crowns were placed on premolars and molars and FPDs were inserted in the anterior and premolar area. Abutments were prepared with a circular 1.2 mm wide shoulder. The clinical follow-up examination took place after 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. After a mean of 38 months, the survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) of all-ceramic crowns was 100% and of the three unit FDP 72.4%. There were a total of six complete failures which occurred only with the three-unit IPS-Empress2 FPDs. Three FPDs exhibited fractures of the framework for which the manufacturer's instructions of connector-dimension was not satisfied, and one FPD exhibited an irreparable incomplete veneer fracture. Further two FPDs showed biological failures. The accuracy of fit and esthetics were clinically satisfactory. The three-year results showed the IPS-Empress2-ceramic as an adequate all-ceramic material for single crowns. The use for FPD needs further critical consideration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical performance of a lithia disilicate-based core ceramic for three-unit posterior FPDs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research project was to determine the clinical success rate of a lithia disilicate-based core ceramic for use in posterior fixed partial dentures (FPD) as a function of bite force, cement type, connector height, and connector width. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty ceramic FPD core frameworks were prepared using a heat-pressing technique and a lithia disilicate-based core ceramic. The maximum clenching force was measured for each patient prior to tooth preparation. Connector height and width were measured for each FPD. Patients were recalled yearly after cementation for 2 years and evaluated using 11 clinical criteria. All FPDs were examined by two independent clinicians, and rankings from 1 to 4 were made for each criterion (4 = excellent; 1 = unacceptable). RESULTS: Two of the 30 ceramic FPDs fractured within the 2-year evaluation period, representing a 93% success rate. One fracture was associated with a low occlusal force and short connector height (2.9 mm). The other fracture was associated with the greatest occlusal force (1,031 N) and adequate connector height. All criteria were ranked good to excellent during the 2-year recall for all remaining FPDs. CONCLUSION: The performance of the experimental core ceramic in posterior FPDs was promising, with only a 7% fracture rate after 2 years. Because of the limited sample size, it is not possible to identify the maximum clenching force that is allowable to prevent fracture caused by interocclusal forces.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Selective nutrient medium for the isolation of Bacillus cereus].

A selective dried medium for the isolation of B. cereus from clinical material and foodstuffs has been developed. The medium has high selective properties which ensure the isolation of B. cereus from microbial association in pure culture, thus making it possible to accelerate further identification of the microorganisms.

Agar↗
PubMed2004

[FTIR investigation of new polymer solid electrolytes].

The conductivity of the porous polymer solid electrolyte blended with PVDF and PMMA, which was made by a micro-wave hot-cross-linking method, reached 2.05 x 10(-3) S x cm(-1) at room temperature. The polymer solid electrolyte was analyzed and investigated by FTIR. The results show that the PVDF, PMMA and LiClO4 in the polymer solid electrolyte were not simply blended, but certain kind of effect existed which was strengthened only when the polymer solid electrolyte came into being.

Electrolytes↗
PubMed2004

[Pharmacotherapeutic trends at the beginning of the millennium in Hungary: pharmacotherapy of bipolar patients. Part II].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacotherapeutical trends in the treatment of bipolar outpatients in Hungary. The first part of the paper included the basic data and this second part discusses more detailed results from more aspects. Hungarian and international trends were compared. The investigation of the number of simultaneously given different drugs showed that bipolar II patients take the largest number of psychotropics within the bipolar spectrum, and patients with mania or depression as actual condition. The use of mood stabilizers is frequent (80%), and it is in line with the international data, but the rate of carbamazepine (25% as prophylactic drug) is higher in Hungary than in other countries. The rate of the patients on permanent anxiolytics is higher than expected. The gender differences are not significant; women are given more antidepressants and anxiolytics than men, but the prevalence of actual depressive phases is higher in the female than in the male population. There were some significant differences in the therapeutic trends (use of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics) among the Hungarian regions and between the different types of institutions. The international comparison showed that the rate of Hungarian bipolar patients on lithium was significantly lower than in other countries. Although studies with old and new drugs as well as the progress of clinical pharmacology influence everyday practice constantly, the results of this investigation provide some basic data for the trials in the future.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Determination of twenty one elements in lithium hexafluorophosphate by ICP-AES].

One gram (+/- 0.0001 g) of lithium hexafluorophosphate was weighed exactly under dry atmosphere and was dissolved with an adequate amount of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). After the sample solution was pretreated with a series of methods, Be, Cu, Pb, Ca, Zr, Co, Mg, V, Ti, Mo, Ni, Mn, Sr, Zn, K, Al, Ba, Cd, Fe, Cr and Na were determined by ICP-AES. The results show that the recoveries of standard addition were 93.3%-102.1%, and the relative standard deviations (n = 11) were 0%-3.56%. The method is efficient, accurate and easy to operate. It has been applied to the determination of lithium hexafluorophosphate products with satisfactory results.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Complications during lithium maintenance therapy].

Through the case report of a bipolar patient treated with lithium for the past twenty years who presented a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a renal insufficiency, and a lithium intoxication. The different complications and their eventual treatment of lithium maintenance therapy are exposed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Raman spectroscopy studies on the aqueous solutions of sodium formate and lithium formate].

The structures of the aqueous solutions of sodium formate and lithium formate are studied according to the growth conditions of the crystals under different supersaturations and temperatures by Raman spectroscopy. The effects of temperature, concentration, supersaturation and cation on the structures of solutions and the structure difference between lithium formate solution and lithium formate monohydrate crystal are analyzed. The result shows that the concentration, temperature and supersaturation effect the structures of the solutions slightly and the cation effects the frequency of the bands greatly.

Crystallization↗
PubMed2005

An in-vitro investigation of the accuracy of fit of Procera and Empress crowns.

The current study aimed to investigate the accuracy of fit and the reproducibility of inner crown profile for two types of high strength ceramics, IPS Empress and Procera. Procera and Empress crowns with four different morphologies were cemented to dies using zinc phosphate dental cement. Vertical and horizontal sections were made through each of the crown/die preparations and images of the vertical sections were compared for curvature reproduction by alignment using image processing. Measurements were made on horizontal sections to determine cement layer thickness. Alignment of the crowns using image analysis identified quantifiable variations in the inner surface profile compared with the outer surface of the die. The largest differences occurred from the cusp tips to the occlusal adaptation area and differences in surface profile were less pronounced for Procera than Empress crowns. Marginal gap varied independently of ceramic or internal crown shape from 7-529 microm for Procera and 26-548 microm for Empress. IPS Empress has a superior ability to reproduce the inner surface profile of the crown morphologies investigated compared with Procera. The reduced reproduction of surface profile was associated with an increased cement thickness at the occlusal contact area that may inadvertently lead to failure of the crowns functional characteristics.

Crowns↗
PubMed2005

A bright future for osteoporosis treatment.

Osteoporosis is a serious and common condition with very high associated healthcare costs. However, methods for earlier detection and more effective treatment appear likely to produce significant improvement both in the immediate future and in the longer term. Introduction of biological markers of bone turnover should greatly assist in the conduct and evaluation of clinical trials. In addition, a number of very novel approaches are also under investigation that could lead to the introduction of new agents with a wide range of mechanisms of action. These developments were discussed at the Second Joint Meeting of the European Calcified Tissue Society and the International Bone and Mineral Society, held June 25-29, 2005, in Geneva, Switzerland.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗