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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate: effect on patent infections.

The anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine therapy, administered as a 1:40 phenothiazine: molasses mixture, was tested against patent infections of strains of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia spp susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole (an other benzimidazoles), levamisole and morantel tartrate. Phenothiazine reduced faecal egg output for both susceptible and resistant strains of all three nematodes. In daily doses of 0.25 g per sheep per day and above it completely inhibited larval production in susceptible strains. Against resistant strains, there was a reduced efficiency with 82.3 per cent inhibition of egg hatch at the 0.25 g per sheep per day level. Phenothiazine treatment had no significant effect on worm numbers for either susceptible or resistant worms. It is suggested that benzimidazole-resistant strains may be cross-resistant to phenothiazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Transfer of amino acids across the rumen epithelium in sheep: interaction between leucine and lysine].

Experiments were conducted on six head of sheep of the Slovak Merino breed with average live weight of 40 kg. The sheep received 0.4 kg of industrially produced molasses feed M and 1 kg of meadow hay once a day. The feed ration for a head of sheep per day contained: 1177.58 g dry matter, 89 g digestible crude protein (SNL), 0.554 starch units. The animals had free choice of water. Rumen epithelium with submucosa was used in the experiment. Amino acid transfer was measured in a mucosa-serosa direction. Amino acids were dissolved in Thyrode's solution with pH value 6.9 on the mucosa side and 7.4 on the serosa side. A constant temperature of 39 degrees C was maintained during the experiment. The epithelium area was 13.2 cm2 for either part of the experiment. Lysine and leucine were incubated separately in the first part of experiment. These concentrations were used: 5, 25, 50 and 75 mumol/l. The values of lysine and leucine readings are denoted as control lysine (lysine K) and control leucine (leucine K) in the result section. Lysine and leucine were incubated simultaneously in the second part of experiment: Lys 5 mumol/l-Leu 5 mumol/l; Lys 5 mumol/l--Leu 15 mumol/l; Lys 5 mumol/l--Leu 20 mumol/l; Lys 25 mumol/l--Leu 25 mumol/l; Lys 25 mumol/l--Leu 75 mumol/l. The values of lysine readings on the other part of experiment are denoted as experimental lysine (lysine P). Figs. 1 and 2 show transfer of control lysine and leucine through the rumen epithelium as depending upon their concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of domperidone and sulpiride as treatments for fescue toxicosis in horses.

We evaluated the effectiveness of 2 dopamine antagonists as treatments for fescue toxicosis in horses. Sixteen gravid mares were assigned by breed and expected foaling date to 1 of 3 treatment groups: endophyte-infested control; 1.1 mg of domperidone/kg of body weight/d; and 3.3 mg of sulpiride/kg/d. Mares were pastured on endophyte-infected fescue and received 0.454 kg of a corn and dried molasses carrier containing the drug treatment. Treatment started 30 days prior to expected foaling date and continued until parturition. Blood samples were collected, and mammary gland scores were recorded every 5 days. Body weight and body condition scores were obtained every 28 days. Serum was analyzed for prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol-17 beta concentrations. Domperidone-treated mares had shorter (P = 0.09) gestation duration and foaled closer (P = 0.07) to their expected parturition date than did control mares. Mammary gland scores were higher (P < 0.05) for domperidone-treated mares than for control mares. By 4 and 9 days after the start of treatment, serum prolactin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in domperidone-treated mares and sulpiride-treated mares, respectively, than in control mares. Domperidone- and sulpiride-treated mares had higher (P < 0.05) serum progesterone and lower (P < 0.01) estradiol-17 beta concentrations than did control mares. These results indicate that domperidone may offer considerable potential as a treatment for fescue toxicosis in horses.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacillus megaterium as a possible source of protein].

The amino acid composition of protein was studied with Bacillus megaterium. Most of the essential amino acids are present in sufficient amounts, with the exception of sulphur-containing amino acids and probably tryptophan. The content of methionine is 2 percent. The proteins of the biomass are easily digested by trypsin. The culture of Bac. megaterium grows in a mineral medium containing 5 percent of sucrose or glucose. The yield of dry biomass recalculated for the sugar consumed decreases from 0.6 to 0.3 with an increase of the sugar concentration. The addition of molasses or corn steep increases the yield of the biomass to 15--20 g of dry matter per one litre of the medium. The biomass grown under these conditions contains 8--9 percent of nitrogen, 40 percent of protein, up to 30 percent of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in the form of granular inclusions, and 10--14 percent of RNA.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of membranotropic physiologically-active substances on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures].

The effect of Bacillus intermedius RNase and yeast autoregulatory d2 factor on growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. It is shown that 0.01 microgram/ml of RNase stimulates the growth of the yeast on malt wort and molasses, the peak of the effect being observed for the enzyme added in the middle exponential phase. Certain concentrations of the d2 factor can also potentiate yeast growth. The effect is more pronounced if the d2 factor and RNase are added in combination rather than singly. Although the cell membrane is a target for both d2 factor and RNase, the mechanisms of their action are presumably different.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of supermethrin, an insecticide, on health status indicators in sheep during subchronic poisoning].

The effect of supermethrin on the overall health with respect to weight gains, diet intake, triad values (body temperature, pulse rate and breathing rate) and potential intoxication signs was investigated in sheep of the Slovak Mertino breed (age of 8 months, males and females) during 6-week feeding of the insecticide supermethrin (Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Bratislava). This insecticide supermethrin contains a cyanide group in its molecule and can be included in the group of type II pyrethroids. It is an analog of cypermethrin and it has a different proportion of cis- and trans-isomers. Supermethrin mixed with molasses feed M was administered daily at a dose of 50 mg/kg (about 1/70 of LD50) to five sheep of experimental group I, at a dose of 200 mg/kg (about 1/15 of LD50) to five sheep of experimental group II, and the dose increased from 200 mg to 300 mg/kg l.w. (about 1/20 of LD50) since the fourth week of trial. The main signs of its toxic action involved depressive effects on weight gains (Fig. 4) Over the whole period of trial, the live weight rose by 5.44 +/- 1.94 kg in control group, by 2.66 +/- 1.48 kg in experimental group I, which equates a significant decrease by 51.10% and only 0.34 +/- 0.95 kg in experimental group II, which equates a decrease in weight gains by up to 93.75% against the control. We do not believe that the growth depression can be related to diet intake. There were no larger differences in feed intake between the experimental groups and the control. The growth depression was caused by incessant diarrhea. The patho-morphological examination did not reveal hyperemia and/or intestinal inflammation, the histological examination did not show any lesions of epithelium in the intestinal mucosa. An increase in supermethrin dose from 200 to 300 mg/kg l.w. resulted in signs coming from the CNS. Hypersensibility manifested by moderate unrest, head and neck shaking after auditory, and especially after touch stimuli was observed. This tremor was increasing to became spontaneous 3-4 days before trial termination. The above findings clearly suggest that supermethrin administration at lower doses has harmful effects primarily on the digestive tract, but at higher doses these effects are more intensive accompanied by the effects on the CNS. No negative effects on pulse rate (Fig. 1), breathing rate (Fig. 2) and internal body temperature (Fig. 3) were recorded.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of biological fish silage in broiler chicken].

Biological fish silage was produced from the mixture of three low price fish species. After mixing it with molasse, papaya and pineapple wastes, and Lactobacillus plantarum incoculation, the product was stored for seven days, dehydrated and added to several diets of formulated poultry feed as a substitute of fish meal. Physical-chemical and microbiological analyses were done to the raw materials and final products. Biological tests of acceptability indicated that chicken preferred diets up to 50% of fish silage. Chicken's weigh increased and food consumption tests, in addition to the sensory evaluation tests in the chickens white meat, showed the advantages of inclusion of 5-20% fish silage in the diets of experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of fusarium moniliforme isolates on tissue and serum sphingolipid concentrations in horses.

Disruption in sphingolipid (SL) metabolism is a biomarker of exposure to fumonisins. The role of altered SL metabolism in the pathogenesis of fumonisin toxicoses is not understood. A 27-d feeding trial in horses compared the toxic effects of 3 strains of Fusarium moniliforme: RRC 415, cultured from corn in MS; AU 2/3, cultured from feed associated with clinical signs of duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) in horses in AL; and MRC 826, cultured from corn in South Africa and shown to cause equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM). These were cultured on corn and diluted with clean corn and grain mixed with molasses (sweet feed) to final concentrations of < 1, 65-130 and 200 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg, respectively. None of the horses developed DPJ, but horses fed MRC 826 had intestinal lesions consistent with DPJ and horses fed AU 2/3 and MRC 826 developed ELEM. Serum SL concentrations were analyzed in horses fed control and F moniliforme culture material, in brain and/or intestinal tissues in healthy horses (euthanized in AL and IL), and in horses fed AU 2/3 and MRC 826. Serum sphinganine (Sa): sphingosine (Szero) ratios were significantly elevated in horses fed AU 2/3 and MRC 826. Sphinganine concentrations were significantly elevated in the hypothalamus-dentate gyrus and brain stem in horses fed AU 2/3, compared to healthy horses. Sphingosine concentrations were significantly elevated in the proximal duodenum and ileum of MRC 826 horses compared to healthy horses. The brain and intestinal tissues in horses with and without pathological lesions did not have changed Sa:S(zero).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Production of gibberellic acid by Aspergillus niger using some food industry wastes.

The production of gibberellic acid by Aspergillus niger and the possibility of utilizing food industry waste and residues as the sources of carbon in media were investigated. Media prepared from molasses, vinasse, whey, sugar-beet waste and fruit pomace were used and GA3 yields were found in concentrations 310, 273.14, 120, 73, 118.13 mg/l in such media, respectively. It was observed that food industry wastes can be used as cheap sources of carbon for gibberellic acid production by Aspergillus niger.

Aspergillus niger↗
PubMed1998

Plasma vitamin E and other analyte levels in Nepalese camp elephants (Elephas maximus).

Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and other analytes in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Nepal were determined during typical work camp management of the elephants. Elephants foraged for food for 4-6 hr each day under the control of mahouts and were also provided daily with cut forage and supplements of unhusked rice, cane molasses, and salt. Blood samples were taken monthly for 1 yr without chemical restraint from 26 female elephants in four camps. Elephants were 6-60+ yr of age. Mean (+/-SEM) alpha-tocopherol concentration was 0.77+/-0.047 microg/ml, with a range of 0.23-1.57 microg/ml. Subadults had lower concentrations than did older elephants, and there were significant differences in mean concentrations from different camps and in mean monthly concentrations. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration appears to vary widely between individuals, and a single value of <0.3 microg/ml is not sufficient to diagnose incipient vitamin E deficiency. Mean (+/-SEM) plasma retinol (vitamin A) concentration was 0.063+/-0.003 microg/ml with a range of 0.01-0.12 microg/ml. Subadults had higher concentrations than did older elephants, and mean retinal values differed significantly among camps. Beta-carotene was not found in plasma. Twenty-five other analytes determined or derived were generally similar to those reported in other Asian and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. Estimates of nutrient intake, based upon diet composition, suggested that dietary concentrations of zinc and sodium may have been marginal, but the absence of signs of any nutrient deficiencies indicates that dietary husbandry in these elephant camps was generally satisfactory.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Laboratory-scale production of acetoin plus diacetyl by Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 27613.

Conditions for the laboratory-scale production of acetoin plus diacetyl by Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 27613 were studied. Thirty-five g acetoin plus diacetyl/50 g sucrose were obtained when fermentation was carried out in 2.5 liter medium containing 12.5 g peptone and 12.5 g yeast extract, at pH 7.0, in a 5 liter conical flask on a shaker (240 rpm) at 28-30 degrees C for 48 hr. Recovery of pure diacetyl was 85% of the total acetoin plus diacetyl.

Acetoin↗