SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Multiple Partners”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Risk reduction among injecting drug users: changes in the sharing of injecting equipment and in condom use.

In an investigation of risk behaviour among injecting drug users in the North-West of England, information was obtained concerning the sharing of injecting equipment, respondent's sexual partners and the use of condoms. Between six and nine months after the initial contact, 169 respondents (56%) were contacted again. The emphasis in the second phase of the project was on changes, if any, in risk behaviour that had occurred in the intervening period. Significant reductions were found in sharing, mostly in the more indiscriminate use of others' injecting equipment. No reduction was observed in sharing between injecting partners and little in sharing between close friends. The number of sexual partners had decreased and the use of condoms, although it increased among those involved in temporary relationships, remained low. Impediments to further progress in risk reduction are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Epidemiology of cancer of the cervix in greater Bombay.

An attempt has been made to study in depth the cervical cancer problem in Greater Bombay by undertaking epidemiological investigations to identify its aetiology, by utilising the data collected by the Bombay Cancer Registry. Although cancer of the uterine cervix is found to occur at all ages in Bombay, it is mainly seen during middle age. Its incidence is highest in the Hindu community and lowest in the Parsi. This neoplasm appears to have a strong association with the degree of sexual activity. Thus it is rarely seen in nuns , and commonly found in women who have had multiple sexual partners. There is also a relative preponderance in the poorer, uneducated section of the community. In order to identify the high-risk groups, a retrospective study was undertaken of proven cases of cancer of the uterine cervix. The results were compared with those of similar controls, equal in number and closely matched for age, religion, and income, in order to examine the risk factors of possible aetiological importance in women with cervical cancer. We have sought to estimate the effects of parity, the age at first marriage and at first delivery. The highest risk was observed in women who had had multiple pregnancies early in life. It is interesting to note that multiparity seems to be an important risk factor in Bombay women, in contrast to the Western experience.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Religiosity, sexual intercourse and condom use among university students.

There is strong evidence that religiosity among adolescents is associated with delayed onset of sexual activity. However, research on relationships between religiosity and contraceptive practices is limited and inconsistent. This paper provides data from a survey of 374 students aged between 16 and 21 at two Brisbane universities (72.4 per cent response rate). Those who perceived religion to be important in their lives were less likely to have had intercourse. Among the sexually active sample, religious youth did not differ from their peers in recent condom use, the age at which they first used condoms or the rate of partner change. Contrary to several recent assertions in review articles, this and other empirical studies do not show that religious youth are less likely than nonreligious youth to take precautions during sex.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Enteric diseases.

This paper focuses on the growing incidence of the "new" sexually transmitted parasitic enteric diseases: amebiasis and giardiasis. Two major behavioral factors influence transmission of these diseases in the gay community: 1) oral-rectal and oral-genital sexual contact and 2) multiple sexual partners. Pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms and complications associated with these diseases are also discussed. Although many patients present with severe symptoms, approximately 50 percent of infected patients are asymptomatic. The diagnostic procedures include a fresh purged stool examination, nonpurged warm stool examinations, and/or cold stool specimens. The serologic tests (serum precipitin and hemagglutination) are of value only in severely symptomatic invasive disease. Different treatment regimens and their side effects are discussed. Drugs used in the treatment of the enteric diseases include diiodohydroxyquin, metronidazole, furamide, and paromomycin. Only 60 to 70 percent of patients with the disease are cured, and 30 to 40 percent of patients require multiple courses of therapy. Test-of-cure examinations, ideally consisting of one or two purged stool specimens, are necessary in follow-up management.

Amebiasis↗

PubMed1991

[Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women and the use of oral contraceptives].

We determined the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women who visited a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and the influence of the number of partners and the use of oral contraceptives (OC), with special attention to the recognition of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and to the results of therapy. Of 217 women, with a mean age of 26 years (range 14-56), who visited the STD clinic of the University Hospital of Groningen from July 1985 until November 1987, anamnestic data were collected as well as the results of swabs from cervix and urethra taken for culture and direct immunofluorescence test of C. trachomatis and for gonococcal culture. The influence of the number of partners (1 versus greater than 1) and OC on the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was evaluated by logistic regression analysis. PID was excluded in coöperation with the department of gynaecology. C. trachomatis-infected women were treated by doxycycline orally (day 1 2 x 100 mg, day 2-7 1 x 100 mg) according to the dosage scheme advised by the Dutch Health Council in 1986. A control culture was taken 2-3 weeks after treatment. C. trachomatis was detected in 72/217 (33%) women by culture and (or) direct IF test and in 22/41 (54%) women with gonorrhoea. In connection with the number of partners in the year preceding the examination, the following prevalences were found: 18/74 (24%) (1 partner), 43/108 (40%) (2-5 partners) and 10/27 (greater than 5 partners).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Is cervical cancer in Ethiopian women the result of a sexually transmitted disease?

Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer of women in Ethiopia and sexually transmitted diseases are highly prevalent in the country. In order to establish a possible cause and effect relationship between sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer, likely etiological socio-economic factors for these two conditions have been analysed. While residence, income, age at first coitus, age, number of sexual partners, marital status/profession and duration of sexual life affect both conditions, there is a significant difference between the most important factors in the etiology of the separate conditions. Serological testing shows a high prevalence of gonorrhea, which was used as a marker of STD. Women with gonococcal antibodies had evidence of increased exposure to other STD; there was no such correlation for cervical cancer. Our results indicate that STD per se is unlikely to be a primary cause of CC in Ethiopia. It appears probable that the etiology of CC in Ethiopia is multifactorial. Early exposure of the immature cervical epithelium to STD, the trauma of repeated childbirth, and multiple sexual partners in women whose defence factors are impaired by chronic malnutrition, add up to a major medico-socio-economic factor. The evidence presented here suggests that CC in Ethiopia is not so much the result of a sexually transmitted disease, but a sociosexual disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

First coitus before menarche and risk of sexually transmitted disease.

The prevalence of sexually transmitted disease (STD), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and cervical cancer, and the relation between these conditions were studied in 2111 Ethiopian women. Early sexual activity was associated with an increase in prevalence rates of STD and PID; possible aetiological factors include physical and immunological immaturity of the female genital tract and the number of sexual partners.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Risk contexts and risk behaviors in the Euregion Maas-Rhein: the Boule de Neige intervention for AIDS prevention among drug users.

Using targeted sampling, self-reported data of 1,767 drug users in the Euregion Maas-Rhein were collected over 3 years. Forty-two percent of the injection drug users shared syringes with sexual partners and 47.8% with friends. Eighty-one percent of the total sample had sexual contact in the last 6 months, half of whom with one person and half with two or more. Significant predictors of high-risk drug use were injecting in the presence of others, injection onset before the age of 20, female gender, and not living in The Netherlands. Participation in needle exchange or methadone programs and sufficient knowledge of risk factors was not significantly related to a reduction of high-risk drug use behavior. High-risk sexual behavior was found to be related to male gender, under the age of 30 and to multiple sexual partners. We conclude that in a social context where needle exchange, methadone programs, and sufficient knowledge of risk factors among the drug user population exist, AIDS prevention can be improved through behavioral skills training and developing specific interventions that target the peer group environments, rituals, partner relationships, and lifestyles of drug users.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1997

Sexual behaviour in a fishing community on Lake Victoria, Uganda.

This study describes the sexual behaviour of men and women in a fishing village on the shores of Lake Victoria in southwest Uganda. The village is near a well known trading town-truckstop on the main trans-Africa highway with a high recorded prevalence of HIV infection. Data were obtained on the daily travel and sexual activities of 26 women and 54 men with particular attention paid to the rate of partner change and the proportion of sexual contacts with people outside the village. During a total of 587 person weeks the men made 1086 trips, mostly returning home the same day. They had a total of 1226 sexual contacts, most of which occurred either in their own village (83%) or a neighbouring fishing village (11%); 17 per cent of sexual contacts were with new partners. Fifteen of the women described themselves as married; 42 per cent of their sexual contacts were casual, paying partners. Of the eleven women who were single, between 80 and 100 per cent of contacts were with paying partners. Most of the women's partners were resident in the village. These data show a very high rate of sexual mixing within the village. Such communities should be targeted in future STD control programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Australian women's needs and preferences for information about human papillomavirus in cervical screening.

OBJECTIVE: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer and developments in medical technology to prevent cervical cancer has changed information needs for women participating in cervical screening. DESIGN: Qualitative face-to-face interviews were conducted with 19 women diagnosed with HPV infection on their Pap smear following routine cervical screening. SETTING: Family planning clinics, general practice and specialist gynaecologist practices in Sydney and the surrounding area, Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women's information needs, preferences and experiences of HPV diagnosis. RESULTS: Women wanted further information on different HPV viral types, transmission, implications for sexual partners, prevalence, latency and regression of HPV, their management options and the implications of infection for cancer risk and fertility. Uncertainty about the key aspects of HPV, the style in which the clinician communicated the result and the mode of delivering the result (letter, telephone or consultation) influenced women's psychological response to the diagnosis of HPV. The delivery of results by letter alone was linked to considerable anxiety among the women interviewed. Women's experience of searching the Internet for further information about HPV was reported as difficult, anxiety provoking and contributing to the stigma of the infection because information was often located in the context of other sexually transmitted infections, with multiple sexual partners highlighted as a risk factor for infection. CONCLUSION: Women participating in cervical screening need high-quality information about HPV and its role in cervical cancer prior to screening rather than afterwards, when they face an abnormal result. The clinician potentially plays an important role in moderating the effects of diagnosis through the manner and mode in which an HPV diagnosis is delivered. Revision of cervical screening policy and practice in light of the changes in the understanding of HPV is recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Behaviour, knowledge and reactions concerning sexually transmitted diseases: implications for partner notification in Lusaka.

Available data show that STDs and their consequences are a major health problem in Zambia. This study focuses on factors which could have implications for partner notification, as a tool for prevention. Fifty women and fifty men with STD were interviewed at two outpatient clinics in Lusaka, where partner notification is not functioning optimally. A majority of the sexual partners during the last three months were known by the patients who also stated a willingness to bring more partners than they were asked to do. Women had symptoms for a longer period than men before they came for treatment. They were less aware of symptoms connected with STD and a majority of them did not know that they were receiving treatment for STD. The communication between the health care provider and the patients about disease, treatment and partner notification needs to be improved especially for women.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The association between substance use, condom use and sexual risk among low-income women.

Substance use is frequently assumed to be associated with higher levels of sexual risk-taking and lower levels of condom use. An analysis of 668 black, Hispanic and white low-income women at public health and public assistance facilities in Miami show that 19% engaged in risky sexual behavior over the preceding six months, 24% in substance use and 31% in condom use. Overall, substance users are nearly four and one-half times more likely to take sexual risks than nonusers, but are about half as likely to have relied on condoms. When the probability of condom use is considered in the context of both substance use and sexual risk, substance users who take sexual risks appear just as likely to rely on condoms as are nonusers who take sexual risks and those who do not (odds of 0.43-0.49). However, substance users who do not take sexual risks are much less likely to use condoms (odds of 0.15). This pattern holds among black, Hispanic and white women, and suggests that perceptions of risk and the risks that partners bring to sexual encounters may be more important determinants of condom use than substance use per se.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of condom use in the young adult population in Ontario.

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Data from the Ontario Health Survey were used to identify sociodemographic, lifestyle and sexual history characteristics associated with the use of condoms for protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in randomly selected adults between the ages of 16 and 44 years who had had two or more sexual partners in the 12 months before the survey (n = 2,699). RESULTS: Forty-two percent reported not having used condoms for protection against STDs. Those most likely to use condoms were 16 to 24 years of age, males, students, non-binge-drinkers, urban residents, and those at higher risk for HIV/AIDS. Of those who used condoms, 68% did not use them consistently. Individuals most likely to always use condoms were 16 to 24 years of age, males, students, non-binge-drinkers, and those with secondary school education. Age, gender, occupational activity, and non-binge-drinking were common correlates of both condom use and consistent use. CONCLUSIONS: Public health messages should be focused on people with multiple sex partners who are not using condoms for STD protection, including rural residents, those with high levels of education, and those over 34 years of age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Changes in male sexual behaviour in response to the AIDS epidemic: evidence from a cohort study in urban Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in sexual behaviour among men in urban Tanzania. DESIGN: An observational cohort study among factory workers during 1991-1994. METHODS: Data from five follow-up visits with structured questionnaire-guided interviews and biomedical data were analysed to examine trends in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease/HIV among 752 men. In-depth interviews were conducted to evaluate the magnitude of reporting bias. RESULTS: During the 2 years of observation, the proportion of men with more than one sexual partner during the month preceding the interview declined from 22.3 to 12.2%. The proportion of men reporting casual sex partners during the last month was almost halved: from 9.8 to 5.2%. The decline in the reporting of extramarital partners was gradual and pronounced. There were only minor changes in reported condom use, notably an increase in use with casual partners, and no changes in coital frequency. Data from in-depth interviews confirmed that reduction in sexual partners was the predominant change. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents that, in response to the AIDS epidemic, changes in male sexual behaviour are taking place in urban areas in Africa. The predominant change among these men, who are predominantly married and aged over 25 years, is a reduction of the number of sexual partners, although condom use remains low.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1991

Case-control study of risk factors for cervical neoplasia in Denmark. I: Role of the "male factor" in women with one lifetime sexual partner.

Possible risk factors for cervical cancer were investigated in 645 women, 20-49 years of age from Copenhagen, with histologically confirmed cervical cancer or carcinoma in situ and in 614 controls drawn at random from the female population of the same area. To study the role of the "male factor", monogamous cases and controls together with their husbands were invited for further examination. This included a personal interview, a blood sample for analysis of herpes simplex virus antibodies, and a penile swab for papillomavirus analysis. In total, 41 case couples and 90 control couples were enrolled (89% and 92% of eligibles, respectively). The most significant risk determinants were a history of genital warts in the male (RR = 17.9 for ever vs. never) and ever having used condoms (RR = 0.2). Other potentially important factors, although not statistically significant, were ever having visited prostitutes (RR = 2.6, p = 0.14), circumcision (RR = 0.3, p = 0.18), and a history of genital warts in the female (RR = 4.6), p = 0.09). Having a husband with a history of multiple sexual partners was also associated with an increased crude risk, but when adjustment was made for husband ever having had genital warts, use of condom, and age, no significant excess risk was observed. Human papillomavirus DNA, which was tested for with ViraPap and ViraType, was detected in one of the controls, and in only 2 case husbands. This study points to the importance of "high-risk males" for the development of cervical cancer in their sexual partner; the results support the infectious nature of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

An outbreak of hepatitis A among young men associated with having sex in public venues.

An increase in hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was noted among young men in the former Thames regions during 1997. A retrospective case-control study, using a standardised questionnaire at interview, was conducted in the area most affected (London and East Sussex) to investigate the hypothesis that this increase was mainly among homosexual men and to establish the risk factors associated with transmission. Forty-eight cases and 161 controls completed questionnaires. Forty-one cases (85%) described their sexuality as homosexual (p < 0.0001). Cases were more likely than controls to have eaten shellfish (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.16, 5.04) during the two months before onset of illness. Cases had more sexual partners (p = 0.015), and more casual sexual partners (p = 0.007) than controls. Cases were more likely to have had sex in a gay sauna (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.53, 8.30), or in a gay club, pub or disco (OR 2.9; 95 CI 1.29, 6.63) than controls. After adjusting for confounding factors, cases were more likely to have eaten shellfish (adjusted [adj] OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.33, 6.59) and to have had sex in a gay sauna (adj OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.42, 10.59). Public health messages need to inform homosexual men about recognised risk factors such as eating shellfish and travel abroad to endemic areas, as well as sexual risks. Homosexual men can benefit from hepatitis A vaccine. We would suggest that in an outbreak situation men who have multiple anonymous partners and have sex in public venues should be targeted as a priority for health education and immunisation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Vulvovaginitis and cervicitis.

Measures designed to reduce the incidence of cervicitis are those that make transmission of any STD less likely. Consistent and proper use of contraception, especially condoms, should be encouraged. Patients with a history of cervicitis or other STDs should be targeted for being at high risk and should have periodic screening tests to search for pathogens such as N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis, even at times when they are asymptomatic. Other groups, including patients with multiple sexual partners, those with genitourinary symptoms, pregnant adolescents, and some adolescent clinic populations, also should be considered at increased risk and be monitored similarly. To be effective, encounters with adolescents around matters related to sexuality and STD must be done privately and with confidentiality assured. Special attention should be paid to the adolescent's family and cultural milieu, as well as to their level of psychosocial development, so that specific needs, fears, and misconceptions can be addressed. Cervicitis and other STDs are so common and have such important personal and public health implications that identification and effective treatment are of critical importance. The general tendency to be parsimonious when fitting together signs and symptoms into a medical diagnosis must be modified when dealing with STDs as multiple concomitant infections do occur routinely.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Factors associated with HIV testing among sexually active adolescents: a Massachusetts survey.

OBJECTIVE: To assess sexually active adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and to determine the factors important in their decision to obtain voluntary HIV testing. DESIGN: Anonymous, random, digit-dial telephone survey undertaken in 1993. SETTING: Massachusetts households. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents, 16 to 19 years of age. RESULTS: Of the 567 adolescents surveyed who had sexual intercourse within the past year, 127 (22%) had received HIV testing, with 54 (10%) stating that this testing was for personal reasons. A "great deal" or "some" worry about getting HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was expressed by 51%, and 56% felt that it was at least a little likely that they will get AIDS. Misconceptions were common about aspects of HIV testing: 35% did not believe or did not know that the HIV test results were kept in confidence, 19% thought that AIDS testers informed partners if the results were positive, and 30% did not think that the HIV test was very accurate. Although 92% (452/490) had seen a physician in the past year, only 30% (136/452) had ever discussed AIDS with a doctor. Multivariable analysis identified five factors as independently associated with voluntary adolescent HIV testing: 1) having had more than one sexual partner within the past year [odds ratio (OR): 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 5.5]; 2) believing that condoms are only somewhat effective at preventing the spread of AIDS (OR: 2. 6; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.8); 3) having discussed AIDS with a doctor (OR: 2. 6; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.8); 4) not having had a teacher discuss AIDS (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 4.2); and 5) believing that a positive test result means one has AIDS as opposed to carrying the virus (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.7). High-risk behavior of infrequent condom use and a history of a sexually transmitted disease were not significantly associated with voluntary HIV testing. CONCLUSION: Among sexually active Massachusetts adolescents, voluntary HIV testing is uncommon. Teens who have had multiple sexual partners and who do not believe condoms are effective in preventing transmission were most likely to have been tested. Issues requiring clearer communication to patients include the testing process, its availability, and confidentiality. Physicians can play an influential role in the promotion of HIV testing by discussing HIV risk behaviors with patients and offering those at risk voluntary HIV counseling and testing.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗