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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Diuresis and natriuresis following application of bemeticide and triamterence in rats on normal and low-potassium diet (author's transl)].

The investigations were carried out under identical conditions and were aimed at determining the effects of different doses of the two diuretics: 3-(alpha-methylbenzyl)-6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (bemeticide) and 2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteredine (triamterene) as well as for their joint administration at ratios of 1:2 and 1:4, resp., with regard to renal elimination of sodium and potassium as well as to urinary output in normally and low-potassium-fed rats. The 1:2 combination of bemeticide and triamterene resulted in an optimum diuretic and sodium elimination effect with potassium values within normal range, both in the normally and in the low-potassium-fed animals. An increase of the triamterene component from the 1:2 to the 1:4 ratio did not yield additional advantages.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative variations in natriuresis and urinary calcium in patients with hypercalciuric lithiasis treated with thiazide diuretics].

Because of the close relation between sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) tubular reabsorption, restriction of sodium intake has been proposed in hypercalciuric stone formers. We simultaneously measured urinary concentrations of both ions in 30 recurrent stone formers (19 male, 11 female, mean age 40,8 +/- 10,2 years) with fasting hypercalciuria, before and after reduction of calciuria using long-term thiazide (TZ) treatment associated with moderate restriction of calcium intake, without concomitant Na restriction. No recurrence of stones was observed in this group with a 12 to 49 month follow-up. UCa strongly correlated with UNa in both conditions. However, UCa significantly decreased with TZ (128 +/- 32 vs 73 +/- 26 mumol/kg/day, p less than 0.001), whereas neither UNaV (190 +/- 60 vs 202 +/- 57 mmol/day) nor diuresis significantly varied. We conclude that calciuria can be lowered without reduction in Na intake in hypercalciuric stone formers controlled by thiazide treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of some oxytocin analogues on natriuresis in rats.

Non-anaesthetized rats were used for studying the relationship between the amount of sodium excreted and structural modifications of oxytocin molecule. Any change performed in position 4 (i.e. the glutamine residue) resulted in a decrease of natriuretic activity as compared to that of oxytocin. The analogues with modifications in the amino-terminal part of the molecule (e.g. substitution of the amino group in position 1 by hydrogen, or of the disulfide bond by a thioether group) resulted in a higher natriuretic effect than oxytocin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dopamine as a regulator of natriuresis. Experimental bases and their implications].

Renal effects of dopamine (DA) infused i.v. in a subpressor dose (0.1 microgram. kg.-1 min-1) were investigated in healthy human subjects during steady hypotonic polyuria. In each experiment four clearance (cl.) periods of 15 min were performed; DA was administered during the second and the third cl. periods. The glomerular filtration rate and renal effective plasma flow were estimated as endogenous creatinine and PAH clearances. Moreover the following variables were evaluated: a) sodium total and sodium isosmotic reabsorption as a % of sodium filtered load (s.f.l.); b) sodium anisosmotic reabsorption as a % of sodium distal load (s.d.l.); c) total renal vascular resistance (RT), arteriolar afferent (RA) and efferent (RE) resistances. Three groups of experiments were performed: A) in hydro-saline retention by DOCA pretreatment (24 subjects); B) in hydro-saline depletion by natriuretic pretreatment (20 subjects); C) in hydro-saline depletion and beta-adrenergic blockade induced by natriuretic and propranolol pretreatments (9 subjects). In A experimental condition DA significantly increased renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, urine sodium concentration and osmolarity; on the contrary DA significantly decreased RT, RA, sodium total and isosmotic reabsorption, % of s.f.l., and sodium anisosmotic reabsorption, % of s.d.l. In B condition no significant changes were observed during DA infusion in either haemodynamic parameters or urinary flow; on the other hand DA significantly blunted urinary osmolarity, urinary sodium concentration and sodium excretion rate suggesting an increased sodium anisosmotic reabsorption (% of s.d.l.). In C condition the vasodilating and hydrosaluretic effects of DA were restored. Our results suggest that DA activates, besides "dopaminic" vascular receptors, the presynaptic facilitory beta-adrenergic receptors in renal adrenergic pathways. Thus the renal action of DA depends on renal adrenergic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Inability of indomethacin to modify hydrochlorothiazide diuresis and natriuresis by the chimpanzee kidney.

A drug interaction study in the chimpanzee by using indomethacin and hydrochlorothiazide has shown conclusively that the diuretic and saluretic properties of hydrochlorothiazide were not compromised by indomethacin. This was true whether hydrochlorothiazide or indomethacin was administered first. The renal clearance of hydrochlorothiazide was not influenced by indomethacin nor was the renal clearance of indomethacin significantly altered by hydrochlorothiazide. Indomethacin alone caused a small but significant increase in sodium, potassium and chloride excretion and in Curate/glomerular filtration rate. In control experiments with placebo, potassium excretion was also significantly increased. The implications of these observations remain obscure. In all experiments utilizing hydrochlorothiazide, the well known renal effects of this agent were clearly evident under these experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Role of natriuresis in the prophylactic effect of adaptation to hypoxia in hereditary hypertension].

It was shown in experiments on male Wistar rats and rats with spontaneous hereditary hypertension (SHH) that the development of SHH was accompanied by a significant decrease of the renal excretion of water and sodium. The acute hypoxia (the rising in the barochamber to the high altitude of 4400 m during 6 hours) in Wistar rats resulted in a significant decrease of diuresis, glomerular filtration. K and (insignificantly) Na excretion; while in SHH rats acute hypoxia increased diuresis significantly and enhanced the Na and K excretion. The adaptation to hypoxia during 6 hours per day resulted in an increase of diuresis, glomerular filtration, Na excretion and the Na/K coefficient of urine in both the animal lines. During the first month of adaptation the changes were more pronounced in SHH than in Wistar rats, as a result the hypertension did not develop in SHH rats. The relationship of the hypotensive effect of the high altitude adaptation with its natriuretic effect was shown. It is concluded that the natriuretic effect is an important and, probably, the main mechanism of the prophylactic effect of the adaptation to hypoxia on the development of hereditary hypertension.

Adaptation, Physiological↗