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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Age-related trends in pathogen frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of bloodstream isolates in North America: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-2000.

We report age-related trends in pathogen frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility from 25,745 bloodstream infections (BSI) due to bacterial pathogens reported from medical centres participating in the North American SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program between January 1997 and September 2000. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most common pathogens, together accounting for 55% of all BSI pathogens during this time period. Among nosocomial BSI, CoNS were the most frequently isolated pathogens in infants less than 1 year of age, but S. aureus increased in frequency with increasing age. Among community-onset BSI pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently reported pathogen causing BSI in patients aged 1-5, S. aureus among those aged 6-64, and E. coli predominated at the extremes of age (less than 1 year and > or = 65 years of age). Among key organism: antimicrobial agent combinations evaluated, oxacillin resistance in S. aureus increased with increasing age; conversely, oxacillin resistance among CoNS was highest among children 5 years of age or younger. Penicillin resistance among S. pneumoniae BSI was highest in children younger than 5 years, while vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus spp. predominated among nosocomial BSI in patients over 50 years of age. Important age-related differences exist in species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens causing BSI. This information should be helpful for clinicians as they consider empirical antimicrobial therapy for patients with suspected BSI across the age continuum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 subtype A infection in a New York community with high HIV prevalence: a sentinel site for monitoring HIV genetic diversity in North America. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Bronx Lebanon HIV Serosurvey Team.

To determine whether US residents are infected with subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 other than subtype B (Western), the predominant North American subtype with a unique GPGR genetic sequence in the V3 loop, viruses from 22 HIV-infected adults were serotyped and subtyped. Twenty patients had subtype B (Western), of whom 15 had serotype B (Western), 3 had serotype A/C, 1 had serotype B (Thai), and 1 had a nontypeable serotype. Two had subtype A, both serotype A/C. Both subtype A-infected patients, only 1 of whom had been outside the United States, reported sex with persons traveling abroad, suggesting possible acquisition in the United States. Because US residents are infected with non-subtype B (Western) strains, US surveillance for HIV-1 diversity is needed to elucidate subtype-specific transmission patterns and pathogenesis and to guide evaluation and development of HIV diagnostic tests and vaccines.

Adolescent↗