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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Amphibian-specific regulation of polysialic acid and the neural cell adhesion molecule in development and regeneration of the retinotectal system of the salamander Pleurodeles waltl.

Antibodies specific to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-total), the 180 x 10(3) M(r) component of NCAM (NCAM-180) and polysialic acid (PSA) were used in immunohistochemistry and Western blots to detect the spatiotemporal dynamics of these molecules in development and regeneration of the retinotectal system of Pleurodeles waltl. NCAM-total and NCAM-180 are continuously expressed in the retina, optic nerve, and tectum of the developing and adult salamander. This is also found for the 140 x 10(3) M(r) component of NCAM in Western blots of the retina. In the larval retina, PSA is present in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and a few cells in all nuclear layers. At metamorphosis, PSA expression in the retina strongly increases in the layer of cone photoreceptor somata. Several cells in the inner nuclear layer and Müller cell processes also begin to express PSA. This pattern persists into adulthood. The optic nerve and the tectum are strongly PSA-immunoreactive throughout development. In the adult optic nerve and optic fiber pathway in the brain, PSA expression is selectively downregulated. In the crush-lesioned adult optic nerve, regenerating fibers are NCAM-180-positive but PSA-negative. This demonstrates a molecular difference between growing nerve fibers of Pleurodeles in development and in regeneration. PSA regulation is closely correlated with metamorphosis, thus suggesting that PSA expression may be under hormonal control. Some aspects of PSA and NCAM isoform expression patterns in the retinotectal system of salamanders differ considerably from that of other vertebrates. The sustained expression of NCAM isoforms in adult salamanders might be due to secondary simplification (paedomorphosis).

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PubMed1985

The inferior longitudinal fasciculus: a reexamination in humans and monkeys.

The inferior longitudinal fasciculus is commonly considered to be a long association fiber bundle interconnecting the occipital and temporal lobes. Based on blunt dissections of human and monkey brains, we have found that the only long fiber bundle common to both the occipital and temporal lobes is the geniculostriate pathway (i.e., optic radiations), located within the external sagittal stratum. In addition, our autoradiographic experiments indicate that the pathway from the occipital to the temporal cortex in monkeys consists of a series of U fibers that course beneath the cortical mantle to connect adjacent regions in striate, prestriate, and inferior temporal cortex. We suggest that the occipital and temporal lobes in human beings are similarly connected by a series of U fibers and that the term inferior longitudinal fasciculus be replaced with the term occipitotemporal projection system. Different clinical syndromes attributed to lesions of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, including visual agnosia, prosopagnosia, and impaired visual recent memory, are probably due to interruption of fibers at different points along this projection system.

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PubMed1986

Topography of retinodiencephalic projections in adult channel catfish.

In order to determine the topography of retinal axons in diencephalic nuclei of Ictalurus punctatus, horseradish peroxidase was applied to the optic papillae. The topography was found to be similar in all nuclei in that the terminal endings of ventral retinal axons innervated rostrodorsally whereas dorsal retinal axons innervated caudoventrally. In general, the retinal topography in the diencephalon corresponded with the topography of retinal axons in the optic tracts. These data suggest a relation between retinal axon ordering within a target and the pathway by which axons enter the target.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Phylogeny through brain traits: the distribution of categorizing characters in contemporary mammals.

The varying states of 15 characters of the central neural organization are tabulated as they occur in each of 147 mammalian species. For each character and species, scores are entered designating the primitive or derived state of the character as it is observed in that species. This tabulation provides data in numerically ordered form for multiple analyses of possible phylogenetic relationships which take into account variations in several different characters simultaneously.

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