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Results for “Pilot Projects”

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PubMed2002

The relationship between employees' perceptions of safety and organizational culture.

PROBLEM: With limited resources to help reduce occupational injuries, companies struggle with how to best focus these resources to achieve the greatest reduction in injuries for the optimal cost. Safety culture has been identified as a critical factor that sets the tone for importance of safety within an organization. METHOD: An employee safety perception survey was conducted, and injury data were collected over a 45-month period from a large ready-mix concrete producer located in the southwest region of the United States. RESULTS: The results of this preliminary study suggest that the reductions in injuries experienced at the company locations was strongly impacted by the positive employee perceptions on several key factors. Management's commitment to safety was the factor with the greatest positive perception by employees taking the survey. DISCUSSION: This study was set up as a pilot project and did not unitize an experimental design. That weakness reduces the strength of these findings but adds to the importance of expanding the pilot project with an appropriate experimental design. SUMMARY: Management leadership has been identified, along with several other factors, to influence employee perceptions of the safety management system. Those perceptions, in turn, appear to influence employee decisions that relate to at-risk behaviors and decisions on the job. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results suggest that employee perceptions of the safety system are related to management's commitment to safety, which, in turn, appear to be related to injury rates. Management should focus on how to best leverage these key factors to more positively impact injury rates within their companies.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1968

The dynamics of malaria.

Previous studies on dynamic systems of transmission of malaria, and of eradication of infection following the interruption of transmission, have now been adapted for advanced techniques using the facilities offered by computers.The computer programmes have been designed for a deterministic model suitable for a large community and also for a stochastic model relevant to small populations in which infections reach very low finite numbers. In this model, new infections and recoveries are assessed by the daily inoculation rate and are subject to laws of chance. Such a representation is closer than previous models to natural happenings in the process of malaria eradication. Further refinements of the new approach include the seasonal transmission and simulation of mass chemotherapy aimed at a cure of P. falciparum infections.These programmes present models on which the actual or expected results of changes due to various factors can be studied by the analysis of specific malaria situations recorded in the field. The value of control methods can also be tested by the study of such hypothetical epidemiological models and by trying out various procedures.Two specific malaria situations (in a pilot project in Northern Nigeria and in an outbreak in Syria) were studied by this method and provided some interesting results of operational value. The attack measures in the pilot project in Northern Nigeria were carried out according to the theoretical model derived from the basic data obtained in the field.

Disease Outbreaks↗

PubMedDate not supplied

National registry of cervical cytologic diagnoses in The Netherlands.

The national cervical cytology registry being developed in the Netherlands is described. A large-scale screening program for cervical cancer has been in effect since 1975 in the region of the cities of Nijmegen, Utrecht and Rotterdam. At the start of the pilot projects, laboratories agreed upon a uniform protocol for reporting cytologic findings and recommendations for follow-up examinations in cases of abnormalities. Based on the results of the three pilot projects, in 1985 the Dutch government decided to organize a nationwide screening program for cervical cancer. All pathology laboratories involved in this national screening program are using the same screening protocol and the same coding system for cytologic and histologic diagnoses. By the end of 1989, all pathology laboratories will be linked to a central pathology diagnosis data base (PALGA). Linkage of screening results to previous and follow-up cytologic and histologic findings will enable epidemiologic studies on a regional or national level. Each physician who has submitted specimens will, next to the cytology reports, periodically receive reviews of the number of smears submitted, the cellular composition (quality) of those smears and the follow-up findings. The execution of requests for follow-up examination will be supervised by the participating pathology laboratories. The national cervical cytology registry will enable registration of all relevant cytologic and histologic diagnoses in a uniform way, but will also establish a unique high-quality national data bank, which will be of great value in the analysis of the effectiveness of the national screening program for cervical cancer. It will enable measurement of the impact of various screening protocols and give insight into the behavior of cervical cancer and the progressive or regressive character of its early stages. It will also offer the opportunity to initiate and evaluate quality control protocols.

Cervix Uteri↗

PubMed2001

[Concept and implementation of model projects for mammography screening in Germany].

The carriers of the German Statutory Health Care System have recognized that only mammographic screening according to the European Guidelines for the Quality Assurance of Mammography Screening will permit early detection of breast cancer with an acceptable risk/benefit ratio. In the German pilot projects, regional mammography screening programmes according to the European guidelines are being tested in the framework of the German health care system. The European guidelines require comprehensive quality assurance of all relevant steps in the chain of events involved in screening, from invitation on to therapy and follow-up. Such comprehensive quality assurance involves several medical specialities and other professional groups dealing with out-patient and in-patient health care and requires long-term cooperation with public institutions (population registries, cancer registries). The objective of the pilot projects is to test the organizational and legal conditions essential to introduction of a mammographic screening programme according to the European quality assurance guidelines in Germany.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1999

A time-motion study of digital radiography at implementation.

With increasing budgetary restraints on the health system, it is apparent that the main contribution that radiology departments can make to significant cost reduction in hospitals is to decrease the length of time between requesting an X-ray examination and receiving the report (and images). Digital radiography (DR) was introduced into the Radiology Department at the Royal Adelaide Hospital as a pilot project to research the cost-benefits and efficiency of the system, and to determine future directions for planning a digital department. The business plan developed prior to implementation of this pilot project predicted a saving of one bed-day per inpatient when a fully digital department with a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is installed. This initial study comparing DR and conventional radiography (convR) provides baseline data and shows encouraging results for more rapid transmission of reports to clinicians.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1983

A clinical information consultation service at a teaching hospital.

The library and the department of medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio cooperated in a three-month pilot project to test a clinical information consultation service that provides patient care information to house staff members in the clinical setting. Evaluation indicated that users were highly satisfied with the service. Results of our pilot project seem to show that a clinical information consultation service can be an efficient and cost-effective means to provide information in a patient-care setting.

Hospitals, Teaching↗

PubMed1993

The European action against cancer.

1. Prevention. In this field the main goal is the fight against tobacco. The following measures have been proposed and are now being implemented within the European community: banning smoking in places open to the public, regulation of maximum tar content of cigarettes, health warnings on all tobacco products, ban of oral tobacco, harmonizing tobacco prices upward. The banning of direct and indirect advertising has been proposed but has not yet been accepted. 2. Screening. Pilot projects on breast cancers and cervix cancer screening were launched in all member states. Guidelines for quality assurance were prepared and circulated for both types of screening. Exchange of information was organized through a networking of pilot studies. 3. Informing the public. A European code against cancer was widely distributed with the help of associations, cancer leagues, and practitioners. Health education at school (from 5 to 12 years of age) was recommended, a program was adopted, and pilot projects for the education of teachers were supported. 4. Education and training of health professionals. Emphasis has been placed on general practitioners whose role is crucial. 5. Research. A wide prospective study on diet and cancer was organized in six member states. A cohort of over 500,000 individuals will be monitored, follow-up, whose samples of urine and blood will be kept in liquid nitrogen. Clinical research is supported. In conclusion, despite a relatively small budget (about 11 million $U.S. per year), it was possible to support and coordinate several actions and therefore to stimulate the fight against cancer in the European community.

Education↗

PubMed1998

New skills required of nurse tutors in the UK: a study within two Project 2000 pilot schemes for pre-registration nursing courses.

This paper examines the development of new skills required of nurse tutors as nursing schools integrate with institutions of higher education. The findings from part of a larger study, describing significant changes in the role of nurse tutors in the UK, in two demonstration Project 2000 districts. A case study approach was adapted for the study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected over a 15-month period from a diversity of perspectives. The focus was on nurse teachers themselves. The results indicated that as nursing entered into the arena of higher education, a majority of nurse tutors would need to develop and deploy effective skills in facilitating learning, clinical supervision and communication. The findings also showed that a significant number of nurse tutors would need to acquire new skills in curriculum innovation, continuous assessment of theory and practice, marketing, negotiation, entrepreneurial work, research and clinical audits.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗

PubMed1988

Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS). Part II. Planning and implementing integrated information services. The management of change: lessons learned from the IAIMS experience.

The critical elements of the change process were designed into the strategic planning process and the pilot project for the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) at the University of Maryland. These elements were: Support by the institutional leadership; a critical mass of interested participants from diverse groups across the organization, committed to the project and with ownership of the plan; a motivating level of dissatisfaction with the status quo; the construction of a scenario describing the desired future and an assessment of needs to achieve it; technical and consulting help; a pilot project with replicable features to demonstrate the concept and feasibility of the approach; and participation of opinion leaders initially with later identification of additional opinion leaders who would become part of the pattern of acceptance of the innovation and diffusion of the technology across the campus.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed2006

Creating connections: a community capacity-building project with parents and youth with disabilities in transition to adulthood.

The transition to adulthood presents many challenges for youth with disabilities and their families. Barriers in the environment often limit the full inclusion of these youth in daily community life. The purpose of this paper is to describe a community capacity-building (CCB) approach to facilitating the transition to adulthood for youth with developmental disabilities and their families. A pilot project that used a CCB approach with this population in one community in southcentral Ontario is described. The results of a qualitative, participatory evaluation demonstrate the benefits and challenges of this approach, with themes of increased community connections for youth and a greater awareness of their strengths and capacities. The perceived outcomes of the participants and the "lessons learned" for future initiatives using a CCB approach with different populations are discussed, as well as the fit between community capacity-building and occupational therapy. This pilot project demonstrates that a CCB approach has the potential to assist youth with disabilities to participate within their own communities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Preliminary development of the School Health Intensity Rating Scale.

Nursing consultants from the states included in the Mountain Plains Regional Resource Center, U.S. Dept. of Education, identified the need for a scale to classify student health status. The classification would allow schools to determine the level of needed student health services. This identified need led to the development of the School Health Intensity Rating Scale (SHIRS) degree in partnership with Donna A. Peters. RN, PhD. FAAN, developer of the Community Health Intensity Rating Scale (CHIRS). The consultants and school nurses participating in the project piloted the scale and a scale research project is now in progress.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Elementary precautions: past the principles].

Universal precautions assure maximum protection to patients, workers, and visitors in a health care institution. While establishing universal precautions is a laudable goal, the application is onerous and difficult if the administration is not convinced of the necessity of such a project. At Sainte Justine Hospital in Montreal, the administration has rallied around this project. A vast program of consultation was initiated in January 1988. Simultaneously, a team of physicians and nurses proceeded to revise standards of sterilization and disinfectation in the hospital. In the fall of 1988, a multidisciplinary team produced a document, Universal Precautions. The term used in French--elementary precautions--was developed to demonstrate the need to have these precautions in place at all times throughout the institution. A pilot project was initiated on the perinatal unit to assess the new standards. Results are very positive. The guidelines worked and people appreciated the diverse measures of protection available to them. A full description of the pilot project is given along with the operating budget.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed2005

Implementing electronic medical record systems in developing countries.

The developing world faces a series of health crises including HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis that threaten the lives of millions of people. Lack of infrastructure and trained, experienced staff are considered important barriers to scaling up treatment for these diseases. In this paper we explain why information systems are important in many healthcare projects in the developing world. We discuss pilot projects demonstrating that such systems are possible and can expand to manage hundreds of thousands of patients. We also pass on the most important practical lessons in design and implementation from our experience in doing this work. Finally, we discuss the importance of collaboration between projects in the development of electronic medical record systems rather than reinventing systems in isolation, and the use of open standards and open source software.

Computer Security↗

PubMed2006

[Family health nursing in Germany: a process of consensus finding as basis].

The "Project design- and consensus phase for implementation of the Family Health Nurse in Germany" ordered by the German professional association for nurses (DBfK) was realized by the Institute of Nursing Science at the University of Witten/Herdecke. Aim of this study was to find out if there is a consensus between eleven stakeholders from ten different institutions of the German health care system before starting the real "pilot project for the feasibility of the Family Health Nurse in Germany", which should strengthen the prevention and the health promotion in Germany corresponding to the WHO's policy framework "Health 21". The investigation included also the identification of the need and the complexity of the new role for nurses and midwives. Furthermore, a statement should be made about the virtual feasibility. Methodically, multi-level analyses were used. First, the stakeholders were interviewed about the possible role of the Family Health Nurse in Germany. All their statements were determined by qualitative content analyses. From these results different areas of responsibilities for the Family Health Nurse in Germany were developed by using the scenario technique. These scenarios were discussed by the stakeholders in focus groups and revised several times until five consented scenarios could be developed. The contents of the scenarios were generalized and structured to according the variables target group, reason for care, need, access, skills, settlement and financing. Like that, the characteristic features of the new areas of responsibilities for the Family Health Nurse in Germany could be defined. Finally, all stakeholders formulated the consensus for the implementation of the planned pilot project with an integrated educational course for nurses and midwives, which immediately has started in autumn 2005 with an accompanying research evaluation.

Family Nursing↗

PubMed1995

[Sentinel public health offices--a new approach to determining public health relevant data by the public health service].

The discipline of environment-related health protection lacks continuously recorded data. Therefore, a three-year pilot project "Sentinel Public Health Offices" was initiated by the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Welfare of Baden-Württemberg in 1992. Selected public health offices were instructed to conduct a series of three cross-sectional surveys of biological and effect monitoring among children attending the fourth grade of primary schools. The surveys were coordinated by the Provincial Public Health Office. During the pilot project the system of " Sentinel Public Health Offices" has proved successful not only in the continuous recording of data relevant to health. Its continuation as a permanent institution is contemplated.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Carbon ion radiation therapy for chordomas and low grade chondrosarcomas--current status of the clinical trials at GSI.

Carbon ion radiation therapy (RT) is available at the German Ion Research Center (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, since December 1997. Patient treatments within the pilot project are carried out by radiation oncologists of the University of Heidelberg in cooperation with the Department of Biophysics of GSI, the Division of Medical Physics of the German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg and the Research Center Rossendorf. Patients are treated within three beam time blocks of 20 days per year at the basic physics research center at GSI, the overall capacity per year being 45 to 50 patients. Main purpose of the pilot project was to investigate carbon ion radiation therapy for different tumor entities within clinical phase I/II trials. This manuscript updates the results of the clinical phase I/II trial of carbon ion RT in chordomas and low grade chondrosarcomas of the skull base and summarizes the current status of the ongoing phase I/II trial for extracranial chordomas and low grade chondrosarcomas.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Universal access: but when? Treating the right patient at the right time: access to cardiac rehabilitation.

The Canadian Cardiovascular Society formed an Access to Care Working Group ('Working Group') in the spring of 2004. The mandate of the group was to use the best science and information to establish reasonable triage categories and safe wait times for access to common cardiovascular services and procedures. The present commentary presents the rationale for benchmarks for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services. The Working Group's search for evidence included: a full literature review of the efficacy of CR, and the factors affecting access and referral to CR; a review of existing guidelines for access to CR; and a national survey of 14 CR programs across Canada undertaken in May 2005 to solicit information on referral to, and wait times for, CR. The Working Group also reviewed the results of The Ontario Cardiac Rehabilitation Pilot Project (2002) undertaken by the Cardiac Care Network of Ontario, which reported the average and median wait times for CR. Some international agencies have formulated their own guidelines relating to the optimal wait time for the onset of CR. However, due to the limited amount of supporting literature, these guidelines have generally been formed as consensus statements. The Canadian national survey showed that few programs had guidelines for individual programs. The Cardiac Care Network of Ontario pilot project reported that the average and median times from a cardiac event to the intake into CR were 99 and 70 days, respectively. The national survey of sampled CR programs also revealed quite remarkable differences across programs in terms of the length of time between first contact to first attendance and to commencement of exercise. Programs that required a stress test before program initiation had the longest wait for exercise initiation. Some patients need to be seen within a very short time frame to prevent a marked deterioration in their medical or psychological state. In some cases, early intervention and advocacy may reduce the risk of loss of employment. Or, there may be profound disturbances in the patient's family as a result of the cardiac event. For other patient groups, preferable wait times vary from one to 30 days, and acceptable wait times vary from seven to 60 days. All cardiovascular disease patients require core aspects of CR services. Patients who would derive benefit from formal CR programs should be provided the opportunity, given the proven efficacy and cost effectiveness of CR.

Benchmarking↗

PubMed2004

Are environmental medicine problems relevant in Switzerland?

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In Switzerland, the prevalence of health problems attributed to environmental exposures is unknown, and views differ regarding its magnitude. In the present study we investigated the frequency of environmentally related health problems amongst the patients of Swiss sentinel physicians and assessed symptoms and suspected environmental exposures. METHODS: During 2002, nearly 250 "Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network" physicians were asked to record the number of patients presenting with environmental health problems and to complete a questionnaire inquiring about suspected environmental exposures and health problems. Physicians offering "alternative" medical therapies also participated in the study. The results were compared with the experience of a Basel University pilot project which evaluated patients with environment-related health problems simultaneously from the medical, psychiatric and environmental viewpoint. RESULTS: 354 environment-related consultations were reported by 72 physicians, corresponding to 0.03% of all sentinel-physician consultations. There were considerable differences both within the group of Sentinella physicians, and between physicians offering "alternative" medical therapies and the Sentinella physicians, in the frequency of environmentally-related consultations, the character of the reported symptoms and the suspected environmental exposures. CONCLUSION: Overall, environmental medicine consultations in general practice were rare. However, experience of the environmental medicine pilot project showed that concerned persons seek help from various health care providers and from environmental agencies. Effective treatment should include counselling by medical, psychiatric and environmental professionals.

Environmental Exposure↗