SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The normal function of major salivary glands as well as thousands of minor ones is an important determinant of oral health. Many diseases of these glands are common, yet not often appreciated by the dentist or his staff. This paper reviews common and some less common diseases of salivary glands, including developmental, hypertrophic, reactive, autoimmune and neoplastic conditions.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Over a period of one year, 82 patients with chronic inflammations, concrements, abscesses, cysts, Warthin's tumours, pleomorphic adenomas, lymphonodules and neoplasms of the salivary glands were examined by ultrasound and sialography. Morphological features are described, and the validity of diagnosis by ultrasound and sialography is discussed.
The advent of both improved imaging systems and new radioactive agents has increased the effectiveness of nuclear medicine in diagnosing and treating diseases of the head and neck. In this first in a series of two articles, the role of nuclear medicine is discussed in the evaluation of diseases of the salivary and parathyroid glands, and in the identification and staging of head and neck tumors. Radionuclide studies of the salivary glands are useful in the identification of tumors and the evaluation of gland function. Such studies are a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome and of acute and chronic inflammatory disease. Radionuclide imaging also has been helpful in the detection of adenomata and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and often complements ultrasonography localization procedures. The advent of gallium-67 imaging has improved the staging of head and neck tumors.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia occurred in a 46-year-old woman. This is an uncommon benign disease that typically begins with an ulcerated lesion on the hard palate and surrounding tissues. Clinical and microscopic findings show obvious similarity with a malignant neoplasm. Necrotizing sialometapiasis is a benign minor salivary gland disease. It is important since it may easily be confused with squamous cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Bilateral dysgenetic polycystic disease of parotid glands is an extremely rare pathologic condition in which salivary parenchyma is partially replaced by multiple epithelial-lined cysts arising from intercalated ducts. Review of the fourteen cases published in literature shows that it affects nearly exclusively women with an history of asymptomatic progressive enlargement of almost always both parotid glands. We report here the first case, to our knowledge, of a polycystic disease involving both submandibular salivary gland in a man.
The base of the tongue follows only the palate in frequency of involvement in minor salivary gland malignant disease. We present the clinical history and findings in three patients and review the relevant literature. Surgery is the preferred therapeutic modality, though the judicious use of radiation therapy may enhance local control of the disease.
An electron microscopic study of the submandibular salivary gland lesion occurring in the NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice was performed, and the findings were discussed and correlated to the autoimmune salivary gland disease observed in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Within the submandibular salivary gland of this mouse strain focal infiltrates of mononuclear inflammatory cells were observed. Lymphoid cells were observed inside the basal lamina of acini and ducts, leading to destruction of these glandular units. The typical duct cell proliferation found in the autoimmune sialoadenitis of Sjögren's syndrome with the formation of the typical epimyoepithelial islands was not found in the submandibular glands of NZB/NZW mice.
Lipofuscin granules were observed in normal salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and minor salivary glands). The pigment was confined mainly to the epithelial cells of the intralobular ducts, but isolated granules were also found in acinar cells and myoepithelial cells. In chronic sialadenitis pigment granules were found in the intralobular epithelial cells and in macrophages in the surrounding ionnective tissue. In benign epithelial tumors pigment granules were observed within neoplastic epithelial cells and in macrophages in the stroma, while malignant tumors displayed pigmented granules only in macrophages in the stroma.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of shock-wave lithotripsy in the treatment of salivary gland disease in HIV-positive patients. STUDY DESIGN: Four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus with ultrasonographically confirmed sialolithiasis (three male patients, mean age 33.5 years, range 19-41 years) were treated with extracorporeal electromagnetic shock-wave lithotripsy. RESULTS: All but one of the patients were successfully treated or experienced relief, with complete stone clearance demonstrated by ultrasonography 12 months after lithotripsy. CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive technique for the nonsurgical treatment of HIV-positive patients with sialolithiasis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Thousands of genetically modified mice have been developed since the first reports of stable expression of recombinant DNA in this species nearly 20 years ago. This mammalian model system has revolutionized the study of whole-animal, organ, and cell physiology. Transgenic and gene-targeted mice have been widely used to characterize salivary-gland-specific expression and to identify genes associated with tumorigenesis. Moreover, several of these mouse lines have proved to be useful models of salivary gland disease related to impaired immunology, i.e., Sjögren's syndrome, and disease states associated with pathogens. Despite the availability of genetically modified mice, few investigators have taken advantage of this resource to better their understanding of salivary gland function as it relates to the production of saliva. In this article, we describe the methods used to generate transgenic and gene-targeted mice and provide an overview of the advantages of and potential difficulties with these models. Finally, using these mouse models, we discuss the advances made in our understanding of the salivary gland secretion process.
PURPOSE: Technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy is a well-established technique for diagnosing congenital hypothyroid disease. However, the biodistribution of pertechnetate (TcO4-) in neonates and young infants is not well documented. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the biodistribution of TcO4- in young infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scintigraphic studies of 31 patients being examined for hypothyroid disease were analyzed. All patients had elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Dyshormonogenesis was diagnosed in 7 patients, ectopic thyroid glands in 19, and agenesis in 5. RESULTS: Images of the neck, chest, and abdomen taken in the anterior and left lateral positions using a low-energy, all-purpose collimator were reviewed. Twenty-six of the patients had no accumulation of the isotope in the salivary glands and 11 had no gastric uptake on either view. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the absence of salivary gland activity in the patients examined, this study suggests that this is a normal finding in infants younger than 3 months. A lateral view of the neck with markers is sufficient to localize the thyroid gland, because any activity in the neck region would belong to the thyroid. Furthermore, poor and variable uptake of the isotope in the stomach may lead to false-negative results, so caution is urged in the use of this tracer in Meckel's scintigraphy in young infants, particularly if the study findings are within normal limits.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the efficacy of sialoendoscopic mechanical retrieval techniques for the treatment of obstructive salivary gland disease. This study documents the authors' long-term experience with mechanical retrieval techniques, the long-term results of the procedures, the technical issues, the techniques that have been used, and the advantages and limitations of these modalities. STUDY DESIGN: Mechanical endoscopic techniques were used in a large referral center from 1993 to 2001 to treat 217 salivary glands for salivary gland sialolithiasis. RESULTS: We found that 189 of the 217 glands with salivary gland sialolithiasis became completely symptom- and stone-free, both endoscopically and by radiographs (overall success rate, 87%). In the submandibular gland group specifically, the success rate was higher, 89%. In the parotid group, it was 83%. Follow-up was continued for 40 months after treatment. No severe complications were noted. The endoscope used was the third-generation Sialoendoscope. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic mechanical retrieval of sialoliths is both safe and efficacious. This is an excellent method for the complete and certain removal of sialoliths, with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue.
The parotid gland and/or the submandibular gland in SIDS cases (180 from Berlin und 75 cases from Hamburg) were examined by means of HE staining, immunohistochemical analysis, in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. The SIDS cases were taken from the last 10 years; the age of the children ranged from 2 weeks to 1 year. Typical cytomegaly inclusion bodies were recognized in 10% (18 cases from Berlin; more girls than boys) and 7% (6 cases from Hamburg; more boys than girls). Our files indicate that the frequency of CMV infection was not age-dependent within the first 12 months of life. Using immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization, virus substances were detected in cytomegal cells as well as in morphologically uninfected cells. The literature on the clinical and epidemiological aspects of cytomegaly indicates that a localized CMV infection of the salivary glands does not sufficiently explain the sudden death of these infants; however, it should be emphasized that cytomegaly can influence the immunological status of the organism.
The recent advances in the understanding of the non-neoplastic disorders of salivary glands are summarised in this paper. The common infections are discussed and newer aspects of juvenile recurrent parotitis outlined. The benign lympho-epithelial lesion is reviewed in relation to Sjogren's syndrome and the salivary gland pathology seen in relation to infection with human immunodeficiency virus. A range of unusual conditions that may affect the minor salivary glands in particular, and can cause diagnosis dilemmas, is summarised.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.