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Results for “VITAL CAPACITY”

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PubMed2006

Expiratory flow maneuvers in patients with neuromuscular diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To compare cough peak flows (CPF), peak expiratory flows (PEF), and potentially confounding flows obtained by lip and tongue propulsion (dart flows, DF) for normal subjects and for patients with neuromuscular disease/restrictive pulmonary syndrome and to correlate them with vital capacity and maximum insufflation capacity. DESIGN: A cross-sectional analytic study of 125 stable patients and 52 normal subjects in which CPF, PEF, and DF were measured by peak flow meter and vital capacity and maximum insufflation capacity by spirometer. RESULTS: In normal subjects and in patients, the DF significantly exceeded PEF and CPF (P < or = 0.001). For normal subjects, PEF and CPF were not significantly different. For patients with neuromuscular disease/restrictive pulmonary syndrome, the CPF significantly exceeded PEF (P < 0.05). No normal subjects but 14 patients had DF lower than CPF. Thirteen of these 14 had the ability to air stack (maximum insufflation capacity greater than vital capacity), indicating greater compromise of mouth and lip than of glottic muscles. For 14 of 88 patients, maximum insufflation capacity values did not exceed vital capacity, mostly because of inability to close the glottis (inability to air stack). Nonetheless, for 11 of these 14 patients, the DF were within a standard deviation of the whole patient group; thus, bulbar-innervated muscle dysfunction was not uniform. CPF and PEF correlated with vital capacity (r = 0.85 and 0.86, respectively), and with maximum insufflation capacity (r = 0.76 and 0.72, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of CPF, PEF, and DF are useful for assessing bulbar-innervated, inspiratory, and expiratory muscle function. Care must be taken to not confuse them.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Influence of breath holding at total lung capacity on maximal expiratory flow measurements.

1. Forced exhalations performed from volumes below total lung capacity, so-called partial expiratory flow-volume curves, are suggested to be more sensitive in detecting airways bronchoconstriction than maximal expiratory flow-volume curves begun at total lung capacity. 2. In eight healthy men both maximal and partial expiratory flow-volume curves were measured where breath was held at total lung capacity of 70% of vital capacity respectively, for either 0 or 15 s before performing the forced exhalation. An histamine aerosol was used to provoke bronchoconstriction. 3. The results showed that the 15 s breath hold caused greater reduction in expiratory flow rates after histamine for both maximal and partial expiratory flow-volume curves than either manoeuvres performed with no breath hold. 4. A breath hold of 15 s at total lung capacity appeared to make the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve as sensitive as a partial expiratory flow-volume curve in detecting the response to histamine as well as providing measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and vital capacity. Forced spirometry after a 15 s breath hold at total lung capacity therefore provides an easy and sensitive technique for detecting bronchoconstriction.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1975

Intraindividual variability in maximal expiratory flow-volume and closing volume in asymptomatic subjects.

The variability of the parameters derived from analysis of the forced vital capacity and the expired nitrogen trace after a vital capacity inhalation of oxygen (closing volume) within a day, from day to day, and from week to week, has been determined. Effort-dependent tests as vital capacity and peak expiratory flow showed the least variability. The greatest variability was seen in effort-independent tests of function such as the maximal expiratory flow rate at 25 per cent (75 per cent of expired vital capacity) and 50 per cent of vital capacity, as well as closing volume. The degree of variability in the tests used was uninfluenced by the periodicity of the tests or the age or smoking habits of the subjects tested. It is suggested that variability of tests of respiratory function should be taken into account in their interpretation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Pulmonary functions in congenital scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-six patients with congenital scoliosis underwent full clinical and radiologic evaluation of their deformity and their full pulmonary functions. OBJECTIVES: This study observed pulmonary functions in congenital scoliosis in detail, evaluated pulmonary functions in nonsurgically treated patients, and established whether, in surgically treated patients, there are any differences between those with multiple thoracic anomalies and those with lumbar or one of two thoracic anomalies. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Eighty-six of our patients in both groups (surgically and nonsurgically treated) showed abnormal increases in residual volumes, indicating a restrictive pattern of lung function. The results of their pulmonary functions were analyzed using predicted values to eliminate age affect. METHODS: Pulmonary functions were assessed using the Gould 5000IV Computerized Pulmonary Function System. RESULTS: Overall, mean total lung capacity was 89% of predicted value, and mean vital capacity and forced vital capacity were 74% of predicted value. The mean residual volume was significantly increased, being 154% of predicted value. Nonsurgically treated patients showed normal total lung capacity (mean 99.8% of predicted value); this mean value was 82% of predicted value in surgically treated patients. CONCLUSION: Vital capacity was found to be significantly reduced in surgically treated patients (68% of predicted value), especially in those patients who had multiple thoracic anomalies. We believe that children with congenital scoliosis due to multiple anomalies should be operated on at an early age before deformity is too severe.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Preoperative analysis of vital lung capacity in female patients with flattened thyrotoxicosis].

Unbalanced hyperthyroidism leads to the feeling of dyspnea and to the decrease of vital lung capacity. Efficacious treatment of thyrotoxicosis relieves mentioned disorders and brings normalization of ventilation parameters. The main issue of this research was the analysis of vital lung capacity in female patients with properly treated hyperthyroidism and comparison of values of these parameters among patients with balanced thyrotoxicosis, non-toxic goitre and with non-thyroid disorders. Research was conducted on 300 randomized female-patients (ASA I, II), aged 18 to 47 with surgically treated hyperthyroidism, non-toxic goitre or non-thyroid disorders. Vital lung capacity (VLC) was analyzed as absolute values and as a percent of predicted values. Statistical analysis revealed that patients in specified groups did not differ in age, weight and frequency of belonging to both ASA categories. Vital lung capacity and percent of predicted values were not significantly different in all groups. Vital lung capacity of female-patients with balanced hyperthyroidism did not differ significantly from vital lung capacity of patients with non-toxic goitre and non-thyroid disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Postbiopsy pneumothorax: estimating the risk by chest radiography and pulmonary function tests.

Pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs of 160 patients who had had percutaneous needle biopsy of lung lesions were reviewed to determine the value of these examinations in estimating the risk of postbiopsy pneumothorax. Chest radiographs were evaluated subjectively for changes of obstructive and restrictive airway disease and for size and depth of lesion. Pulmonary function tests, consisting of simple spirometry (forced vital capacity, percentage of predicted forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and [forced expiratory in 1 sec/forced vital capacity] X 100), and the pulmonologist's interpretation were evaluated. Pneumothorax developed in 46% (31/67) of patients who had obstructive airway disease according to the results of pulmonary function tests and in 42% (34/81) of those who had obstructive airway disease according to changes on chest radiographs, compared with 19% (10/53) and 25% (17/67) of those who had normal pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs, respectively. Pneumothorax developed in 46% (23/50) of patients who had findings of obstructive airway disease on both pulmonary function tests and on chest radiographs, compared with 7% (2/28) of patients who were classified as normal by both criteria. None of the patients who had normal pulmonary function tests required placement of a chest tube, whereas 19% (13/67) of those who had obstructive airway disease required chest tubes. Decreasing size of lesion and increasing depth of lesion were associated with a significant increase in the risk of pneumothorax. We conclude that the results of chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests are useful parameters for estimating the risk of postbiopsy pneumothorax.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Evaluation of exercise performance in healthy Turkish adolescents.

In this study, exercise performance was evaluated in 259 healthy adolescents by using some tests. The purpose of the study was to investigate exercise performance and cardiorespiratory capacity in both adolescent boys and girls. The following tests were applied to all children: ball throw with right and left hands, vertical jump, long jump without prior motion, pull up (repetition number), flexibility, and agility (set repetition number) tests. Additionally, heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. Applied spirometric tests were as follows: vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiration volume in the first second, ventilation volume, maximum volunteer ventilation and respiration frequency. This study found that heart rate was statistically significantly higher in females than males (p < .05). There was also a statistically significant difference in vital capacity, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second (in both measured and predicted values) between males and females (p < .05). Additionally, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the 60 and 200 meters races, maximal pull up, maximal sit up, vertical jump, standing long jump, ball throwing with right hand, horizontal bar, and agility between the male and female groups (p < .05). In conclusion, the findings showed that although females were superior in the 60 and 200 meter race, males were superior in agility, horizontal bar, ball throwing with right hand, long jump, and vertical jump.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

One year follow-up of the first bilateral living-donor lobar lung transplantation in Japan.

One-year follow-up results on Japan's first bilateral living-donor lobar lung transplantation concern a 24-year-old woman who had become ventilator-dependent due to severe bronchiectasis associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Surgery was conducted using her sister's right lower lobe and her mother's left lower lobe. Total forced vital capacity of the 2 transplanted lobes was 51.7% of the recipient's predicted forced vital capacity. One-year after transplantation, her forced vital capacity was 2,160 ml--73.2% of her predicted forced vital capacity. The recipient's sister's decrease in forced vital capacity was 410 ml and that of her mother 440 ml. The recipient and donors have since returned to normal, unrestricted lives.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Pulmonary function in acute cervical cord injury.

Measurements of pulmonary function were made on patients within 1 wk, 3 wk, 5 wk, 3 months, and 5 months of spinal cord injury. In patients with functionally complete transection of the cord between segment C5 and C6, the vital capacity was 30% of predicted in the first week after injury. Patients with injuries at C4 had smaller vital capacities. A significant increase in vital capacity occurred within 5 wk of injury with an approximate doubling of vital capacity 3 months after injury. Expiratory flow rates were directly dependent upon vital capacity. There was a high incidence of arterial hypoxemia, in the acute stage, even in patients with adequate ventilatory ability and normocarbia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Density dependence of maximal expiratory flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Pulmonary mechanics were studied in 22 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had no evidence of asthma. Eleven of the 22 patients had a density dependence of maximal expiratory flow within the reported normal range. Patients with normal density dependence (responders) were not different from those with decreased density dependence (nonresponders) in mean age, smoking history, symptoms of cough or dyspnea, maximal expiratory flow at 75, 50, and 25% of the vital capacity during air breathing, total lung capacity, or static elastic lung recoil at 50% of the vital capacity. The nonresponders had smaller vital capacity values, larger ratios of residual volume to total lung capacity, higher resistance, and lower static recoil at total lung capacity. There was a correlation between diffusing capacity for CO and density dependence. There was an inverse relationship between the change in density dependence after inhalation of isoproterenol and initial density dependence. Dysanaptic lung growth and increased compliance of the central airways are potential mechanisms for normal density dependence in these patients. The prevalence of normal density dependence in these patients with established COPD raises serious questions concerning the usefulness of density dependence in the early detection of COPD. The differences in density dependence may indicate differences in pathogenesis of the airflow obstruction and hence may be of prognostic significance.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed2001

Pulmonary function tests in beta thalassemia.

To study pulmonary function tests (PFT) in multiple transfusion recipient thalassemics, PFTs were done for 30 thalassemics and 20 matched controls. Confirmed cases of thalassemia on regular transfusion therapy were the subject of study. Apart from history and physical examination of the thalassemics, serum ferritin estimation and spirometry were done. Parameters studied included lung volumes--functional residual capacity (FRC), forced vital capacity (FVC), residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC); and flow rates--forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow 25-75 (PEF 25-75%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco) and arterial blood gas (ABG) were also analysed. The mean height and weight of thalassemics were below that of age matched controls. A restrictive abnormality in PFT was found in 86.6% cases. These patients were found to have a decrease in all the lung volumes namely FVC, FRC, RV and TLC with a proportional decrease in the flow rates, FEV1, PEF 25-75% and PEF with a normal (> 0.75) FEV1/FVC ratio. DLco was decreased in all the patients with restrictive lung disease and fall in DLco showed a good correlation (r = 0.7, P < .001) with the severity of restrictive disease suggesting that some intrapulmonary pathology is likely to be responsible for the restrictive pattern. None of the cases had an obstructive or mixed pattern of pulmonary dysfunction. No correlation was found between severity of restrictive disease and the serum ferritin levels. A negative correlation with degree of hepatosplenomegaly was found. No correlation was found between severity of the defect and age, number of blood transfusions received and hemoglobin at the time of doing the test. To conclude, restrictive lung disease is the predominant abnormality in multi-transfused thalassemics, which is probably due to pulmonary parenchymal pathology. The abnormality of PFTs is not directly related to iron overload.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of gas and tissue lung volumes by MRI: functional approach of lung imaging.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to assess the accuracy of MRI for the determination of lung gas and tissue volumes. METHOD: Fifteen healthy subjects underwent MRI of the thorax and pulmonary function tests [vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC)] in the supine position. MR examinations were performed at inspiration and expiration. Lung volumes were measured by a previously validated technique on phantoms. Both individual and total lung volumes and capacities were calculated. MRI total vital capacity (VC(MRI)) was compared with spirometric vital capacity (VC(SP)). Capacities were correlated to lung volumes. Tissue volume (V(T)) was estimated as the difference between the total lung volume at full inspiration and the TLC. RESULTS: No significant difference was seen between VC(MRI) and VC(SP). Individual capacities were well correlated (r = 0.9) to static volume at full inspiration. The V(T) was estimated to be 836+/-393 ml. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study demonstrates that MRI can accurately estimate lung gas and tissue volumes. The proposed approach appears well suited for functional imaging of the lung.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Intrasubject variability of pulmonary function testing in healthy children.

The intrasubject variability of repeat pulmonary function testing was examined in 20 healthy children aged 10 to 16 years. The children were tested a maximum of 11 times over a period of two months. The tests examined were spirometry, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves, body plethysmograph determination of lung volumes, and single breath nitrogen washout. The time of day or the length of the re-test interval, up to a period of two months, did not significantly affect the variability. Standard deviation was used when comparing the variability of measurements with the same units and coefficient of variation was used when comparing measurements of different units. The vital capacity measured by spirometry was the least variable measurement. Functional residual capacity, residual volume and total lung capacity were equally reproducible but as a group were more variable than vital capacity. There was no significant difference between the variability of the following measurements: forced expired flow from 25 to 75% of the vital capacity, flows at 70%, 50% and 40% total lung capacity, and flows at 50% vital capacity. Flows at 25% vital capacity were significantly less variable than other measurements of flow. The variability of forced expired volume in one second was examined and the use of this measurement in determining significant bronchial hyper-reactivity was assessed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Lung function after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia or lymphoma.

Longitudinal data were analysed on the lung function of 25 of 29 survivors of childhood leukaemia or lymphoma, who had been conditioned with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, to test whether children are particularly vulnerable to pulmonary damage after transplantation. None developed chronic graft-versus-host disease. Transfer factor and lung volumes were reduced immediately after bone marrow transplantation, but increased during the following years. However, at the last follow up, 4-13 years (median 8) after transplantation, patients had significantly reduced transfer factor, total lung capacity, and forced vital capacity (-1.0, -1.2, and -0.8 SD score, respectively), and increased ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (+0.9 SD score). None of the patients had pulmonary symptoms, and changes were unrelated to their age at bone marrow transplantation. In conclusion, patients had subclinical restrictive pulmonary disease at a median of eight years after total body irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

A comparison of a new transtelephonic portable spirometer with a laboratory spirometer.

The Spirophone is a new, portable transtelephonic spirometer which records the slow and the forced expiratory vital capacity tests. Data can be transmitted via the telephone to a remote receiving centre, where a volume-time curve and the flow-volume curve are displayed on screen in real time. The aim of this study was to compare the newly developed transtelephonic spirometer, with a laboratory spirometer according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) testing guidelines. Spirometry indices (slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 25, 50 and 75% of FVC (FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75, respectively)) were measured from the SVC and the FVC tests in 45 subjects (30 patients, 15 healthy volunteers) according to the ATS standards. The data obtained with the laboratory system were compared to those from the Spirophone. The Spirophone measurements of SVC, FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75 correlated closely (r=0.91-0.98) to those from the laboratory system, whereas FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75 were significantly higher with the Spirophone. It is concluded that the Spirophone is comparable to the standard spirometry for home monitoring of slow vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow. The validity of the manoeuvre can be assessed on screen in real time.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Correlation between serial pulmonary function tests and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

The records of 9 adult male patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and biopsy-proved Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were reviewed to determine the correlation between serial pulmonary function tests and the presence or absence of Pneumocystis organisms in subsequent bronchoscopy specimens. At diagnosis, total lung capacity (TLC) or vital capacity (VC) was abnormally low in 4 patients (44%) and diffusing capacity (DLCO) was abnormally low in 8 patients (89%). The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) was elevated in all patients. After 21 to 47 days of specific therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia, changes in DLCO, TLC, VC, and FEV1/FVC did not correlate with the presence or absence of Pneumocystis organisms in bronchoscopy specimens from 7 patients. However, changes in DLCO 105 to 258 days after diagnosis seemed to correlate with the late response to treatment in 6 patients. These results suggest that decisions to terminate specific therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with AIDS should not be based on short-term changes in pulmonary function.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1994

[Respiratory symptoms and function of coal miners presenting radiological pulmonary abnormalities].

Respiratory symptoms and lung function of 80 coal workers suspected of pneumoconiosis (pulmonary X-rays classified 0/1 or 1/0 according to International Labour Organisation classification) who worked for at least 10 years at face work (Ts) were studied in comparison with two control groups matched by age (+/- 2 years), height (+/- 5 cm), weight (+/- 10 kg) and smoking habits: the Tn group constituted by 80 coal workers who worked for at least 10 years at face work with normal pulmonary X-rays, and the HTn group constituted by 80 underground miners who worked mainly out of face work with normal pulmonary X-rays. The frequencies of cough, expectoration, chronic bronchitis or dyspnoea were significantly higher in Ts group than in the two others. The one-second forced expiratory volume to vital capacity ratio (FEV1/VC) was lower, closing volume to vital capacity (CV/VC) or to total lung capacity ratios (CV/TLC) were higher in Ts group than in the control groups. Unexpectedly, vital capacity (VC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), compliance, diffusing capacity (DLCO) referred to alveolar volume (VA) were higher. In Ts group, the small rounded opacities were noted in the top part of the lung (56.9%), the irregular ones were distributed on the entire lung (65.5%). There were no relation between the category of small opacities and respiratory symptoms or lung function.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

The relationship between work done and pulmonary function; validation of a method.

A two-stage bicycle exercise test with logarithmic intervals of load has been described, and the results reported in 760 patients. The test is now validated in a second group of 553 subjects. Performance data and FEV1 were available in all subjects and forced vital capacity in 366 of them. Regression equations of pulmonary function on work done stratified by sex and age were similar to those previously reported. Multiple regression showed that more than 57.8% of the variance could be explained in terms of vital capacity, height and age, with small contributions from weight and sex; with more than half being accounted for by vital capacity alone (R2 = 0.53). In an alternative equation predicted vital capacity, age (independently), percentage deficit of vital capacity below predicted, sex and weight/height2 explained 58.7% of the variance. In this approach, the percentage of vital capacity below predicted accounts for 25% of the variance after allowance for predicted vital capacity. It is confirmed that the first logarithmic stage of the test predicts a work rate that can be maintained for more than 5 minutes, producing a pulse rate of greater than 130 in two-thirds of the subjects. As the majority of those who failed to achieve this work rate had poor pulmonary function and were elderly, it is recommended that the second phase is set at a lower work load for these subjects.

Adult↗