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PubMedDate not supplied

[Full impressions with silicone elastomers. The wash technic].

The wash-technic is one of the most well known and most used impression technic when using elastomeric silicones. It is however one of the most criticized technic. The wash-technic depends on Biomaterials and on operative procedures. After reviewing the two types of elastomeric silicones available and the properties that are required for this technic, the author shows that additive materials are reliable and successful when used for the wash-technic. Nevertheless to eliminate all possible deformations due to internal tensions of the materials, it is very important to follow strict operative procedures (specially for the pre-impression preparation), and to respect the contra-indications of this technic.

Dental Impression Technique↗

PubMed1990

[Diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy].

The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is confirmed by the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Bronchoscopy has been used for diagnosis of various pulmonary diseases. The value of bronchoscopy such as bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was evaluated, and the results were as follows: 1) One hundred ninety cases were investigated bronchoscopically due to suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum negative smear and 92 cases were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis. 2) Out of 91 cases examined by bronchial aspirate and 46 cases by bronchial washing, smear positivity was 20.9% and 23.9% and culture positivity was 58.2% and 84.8%, respectively. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed positive findings of tuberculosis in 75.8% out of 33 specimens. 3) Out of 88 sputa taken before bronchoscopy and 50 sputa after bronchoscopy, smear positivity was 0% and 12%, and culture positivity was 54.5% and 40% respectively. Gastric lavage culture positivity was 29.4% in 17 cases examined. 4) Diagnosis of tuberculosis was made rapidly in 28 cases (30.4%) by smear positive results of bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and sputa after bronchoscopy, and relatively rapidly in 20 cases (21.7%) by transbronchial lung biopsy.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1989

Effect of vaccination on cell populations in lung washes from calves after infection with respiratory syncytial virus.

The inflammatory response in the air-passages of the lungs of calves after intranasal inoculation with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was compared in RSV-vaccinated and control animals. Total cells recovered from lung washings remained the same; however, the fold by eight days after infection and the type of cells changed from a predominance (85 per cent) of macrophages to equal proportions of macrophages and neutrophils (45 per cent) during the course of infection. The absolute numbers of neutrophils rose by 15-fold. In contrast, when RSV-vaccinated calves were challenged, the total number of cells recovered from lung washings remained the same; however, the numbers of macrophages decreased and the numbers of neutrophils increased by fivefold. Cytological studies of the lung washings revealed no evidence of an exacerbated inflammatory response in RSV-vaccinated calves. Levels of virus replication were significantly reduced in RSV-vaccinated compared with control animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Transfer of group B streptococci from mothers to neonates: effect of whole body washing of mothers with chlorhexidine.

Seven babies born to 28 mothers who were vaginal carriers of group B streptococci and who bathed or showered with chlorhexidine during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy were colonized with an organism of the same phage type as their mothers. In contrast, nine babies of 14 carrier mothers who were given no instructions regarding washing were colonized with the same phage type as their mothers. Ten of the 84 sites sampled for group B streptococci on the babies born to mothers using chlorhexidine were positive, whereas 17 of 42 were positive in the babies born to control mothers. This trial suggests that whole body washing with chlorhexidine may reduce the transfer of group B streptococci from mothers to infants, but did not exclude the possibility that body washing by itself may have a similar effect.

Baths↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sperm velocity, pre- and post-washing, as a measure of the effects of varicocelectomy and subsequent male fertility.

Although the beneficial effect of varicocelectomy on subsequent fertility rates in subfertile men with varicocele is well documented, the effect of the dysfunction on spermatozoal fertilizing capability in this disorder remains unclear. This prospective study was conducted to determine whether sperm velocity and other quantitative semen parameters in the fresh ejaculate and after washing correlate with subsequent fertility. The authors investigated semen characteristics in 25 men with varicoceles, before and 6 months after varicocelectomy. A significant (P less than .01) correlation was observed between postvaricocelectomy improvement in sperm velocity in the fresh ejaculate and fertility. A significantly higher correlation (P less than .001) was observed between varicocele repair and improved velocity in washed, incubated sperm. No pregnancies occurred in the wives of men whose postwash sperm velocity failed to improve following surgery. It is suggested that varicocelectomy may enhance or restore the ability of spermatozoa to undergo capacitation. One may conclude that sperm velocity correlates significantly with future fertility, and that the velocity of washed, incubated sperm is the more specifically predictive evaluative measure of fertilizing capability in males who have undergone varicocele repair.

Female↗

PubMed1989

[Intrauterine insemination with "washed" sperm].

The authors have been performing intrauterine insemination with the washed sperm of the husband since 1986. Previous to the intervention husband and wife went through a very thorough infertility examination according to the principles of the WHO. The cycle of women given intrauterine insemination was monitored. The maximum value of estradiol was measured on the 12th and 13th day of the cycle and the maximum mean value of the follicles on the 13th-14th day. In cases of ovulation the mean value of serum progesterone was found to rise on the 14th-15th day of the cycle. The semen was washed and concentrated, different protein components and bacteria were eliminated and the fraction with good motility was used for insemination. Intrauterine insemination with washed human sperm was carried out with 2 groups of patients. In the series studied the authors induced with intrauterine insemination 24 pregnancies in 100 infertile marriages. Intrauterine insemination was found to be successful if the infertility was caused by the hostility or poor quality of the cervix mucus. The treatment may be successful also in cases with slighter alteration of the spermiogram, whereas no results can be expected from intrauterine insemination with spermiograms displaying more serious alteration.

Cervix Mucus↗

PubMed1985

Binding of a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist to washed human platelets.

A binding site for the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) antagonist [125I]9,11-dimethylmethano-11, 12-methano-16-(3-iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-13,14-dihydro-13-aza-15 alpha beta-omega-tetranor-TXA2 to washed human platelets was studied. 9,11-Dimethylmethano-11, 12-methano-16-(3-iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-13,14-dihydro-13-aza-15 alpha beta-omega-tetranor-TXA2 competitively antagonized aggregation of washed human platelets induced by the TXA2/PGH2 mimetic U46619. A Schild analysis of the pharmacologic study revealed a pA2 of 8.08 and a slope of -1.12. The pA2 value yielded a Kd of 8 nM. The association rate constant (k1) for [125I]PTA-OH was 6.6 X 10(6)M-1 min-1 and the dissociation rate constant (k-1) was 1.82 X 10(-1), yielding a kinetically determined Kd (k-1/k1) of 27 nM. Scatchard analysis of [125I]PTA-OH binding to washed human platelets revealed one class of binding sites with a Kd of 21 +/- 5 nM and maximum binding of 42 +/- 6.4 fmol/10(7) platelets (N = 5) (2530 +/- 380 binding sites/platelet). Several TXA2/PGH2 receptor agonists and antagonists competed with [125I]PTA-OH for binding. For the four antagonists used in this study, the rank order of potency for displacing the ligand from its binding site correlated (r = 0.93) with the rank order of potency for their ability to inhibit U46619-induced aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma. The antiaggregatory prostaglandins prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin D2, and Iloprost also displaced the ligand, but only at concentrations considerably higher than that required to produce their pharmacologic effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Müllerian inclusions in peritoneal washings. Potential source of error in cytologic diagnosis.

Müllerian inclusions in peritoneal washings from female patients may be mistaken for adenocarcinoma. Such findings were studied in the peritoneal washing cytology specimens from eight cases. The inclusions usually presented as tubular or papillary structures, often forming a single layer of epithelium surrounding psammoma bodies. The cells forming these structures often displayed some degree of atypia. Recognition of this entity in peritoneal fluids is important to avoid a misdiagnosis of disseminated cancer. A general outline is proposed for interpreting such findings in peritoneal washings, based on the cytomorphology of these structures as well as the microscopic features of the primary neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1988

Recycling suitability of wash waters from mosquito abatement vehicles and equipment into spray diluent.

In response to changing laws as well as increased concern over environmental pollution, there is a current need to examine the best means of disposal of wash water generated by mosquito abatement operations. A study of wash waters from 6 central California mosquito abatement districts shows that herbicide levels were low enough so as not to preclude the use of these waters for recycling back into insecticide spray diluent. In one case, oil levels were high and an oil/water separation is probably necessary to prevent gum formation and clogging of spray equipment. Recycling of wash waters appears to be a feasible solution to the disposal problem once water contaminant levels are defined.

California↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The protein constituents of human bronchial washings. Their relationship to the defenses of the respiratory tract (author's transl)].

In an attempt to define the composition of normal bronchial secretions, bronchial washings were obtained from normal areas of the lung in six patients. An analysis of proteins in the washings was carried out by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The proteins detected were derived mainly from plasma and a very low content of secretory proteins was found. The composition of bronchial secretions and bronchial washings from a bronchitic patient was established and compared by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration. The most important components were IgA, alpha1-antichymotrypsin and alpha1-antitrypsin, all of which are defense factors for the respiratory tract.

Blood Proteins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of special stains in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infection from bronchial washing specimens in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Fifty bronchial washing specimens from 36 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were retrospectively reviewed to assess the sensitivity of the various special stains used to diagnose Pneumocystis carinii. In 76% of the cases, the Diff-Quik stain was positive; it was the easiest and most rapid of the special stains used. The sensitivity was increased to 92%, 96% and 100%, respectively, by also doing cresyl echt violet, Grocott's Gomori methenamine silver and both the cresyl violet and Grocott stains in addition to the Diff-Quik stain. We conclude that the Diff-Quik stain is a fairly reliable and rapid screening procedure for making the diagnosis of Pneumocystis infection in bronchial washings from AIDS patients. The routine Papanicolaou stain gave less sensitive results in the smears of the washing specimens, but does give a markedly improved yield in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1987

Comparison of washed and unwashed specimens in the Plasmodium falciparum in vitro microculture drug assay.

The dose response of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in the standard in vitro assay for drug resistance was compared using blood specimens which were centrifuged and washed before cultivation. Washing of the cultures increased the success of cultivation by greater than 100%. Eight cultures which grew using both methods gave similar results in the determination of resistance or sensitivity. The ED50 as determined by probit analysis, was approximately 50% higher in parasites which had been washed before cultivation.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Simplified sperm washing techniques and intrauterine insemination.

Sperm washing followed by intrauterine insemination of the husband's semen has emerged as a useful therapy. Several drawbacks restrict wider availability of this technique. The present study compared the pregnancy rate of a more complicated laboratory protocol with that of a simplified washing protocol in 42 patients. Eighteen pregnancies resulted, for an overall rate of 43%; eight occurred with the complicated protocol in 93 attempts and ten with the simplified protocol in 108 attempts, rates that do not differ significantly. We conclude that sperm washing protocols can be simplified without affecting efficacy, making the technique suitable for office settings.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic findings in peritoneal washings associated with benign gynecologic disease.

In order to define the problems in the interpretation of peritoneal washing cytology specimens, 149 benign cases were examined retrospectively and the cytologies compared with the correlating histologies. There were problems in the cytologic interpretation on blind review in 18 cases (12.1%). Difficulties in interpretation of peritoneal washing cytology included conditions associated with (1) mesothelial reactions and adhesion formation, (2) rupture of cystic structures, (3) fallopian tube epithelium and (4) combinations of these factors. It is anticipated that familiarity with these problems will enhance accuracy in peritoneal washing cytology, particularly in those cases in which a malignancy is present but has not penetrated into the peritoneal cavity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Heparin elimination and free hemoglobin following cell separation and washing of autologous blood with Cell Saver 4].

Haemoseparation is used for recovery of autologous blood following cardiac surgery protecting patients from various hazards accompanying homologous blood transfusion. Former studies demonstrated that autotransfusion did not increase blood loss after cardiac surgery despite reduced plasma and platelets following centrifugation and washing of oxygenator content. The purpose of our study was to determine the content of heparin and unbound haemoglobin in autologous packed red cells. METHODS. 10 consenting patients undergoing cardiac surgery (table 1) were investigated. Immediately after termination of bypass blood samples were collected from the oxygenator and from autologous blood following concentration and washing with saline solution in the Haemonetics Cell-Saver 4. Contents of haemoglobin, haematocrit, heparin - with and without addition of antithrombine III - and unbound haemoglobin were analysed. RESULTS. Mean duration of extracorporeal circulation was 100.4 minutes. The oxygenators' volume averaged 2089.9 ml blood with a haemoglobin content of 6.7 g/dl and a haematocrit of 20.4%. This was reduced to 660.8 ml autologous blood with a haemoglobin content of 17.9 g/dl and a haematocrit of 57.2% (table 2). The heparin content of the oxygenator blood was 0.47 U/ml without AT III, and with AT III 0.87 U/ml. Autologous blood contained 0.009 U/ml without AT III; with AT III we measured 0.41 U/ml heparin. Unbound haemoglobin content amounted to 11.4 mg/dl in the oxygenator blood and 71.8 mg/dl in the autologous blood (table 3). CONCLUSIONS. Our results demonstrate that autologous blood following concentration and washing of the oxygenator blood with a Haemonetics Cell-Saver 4 contains heparin, but the amount of heparin is not enough to provoke bleeding after retransfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Component Removal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Detached ciliary tufts in female peritoneal washings. A common finding.

Detached ciliary tufts (DCTs) have been observed in sputum, in cervicovaginal smears and, rarely, in fluid from the pouch of Douglas. DCTs occur frequently in peritoneal washings from female patients. Twenty-five consecutive peritoneal washings were studied for DCTs. Fourteen specimens were from women in the reproductive age group (21 to 47 years); all contained DCTs. All of these 14 patients, except for one in the 14th week of pregnancy, were in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The 11 patients without DCTs in their peritoneal washing had an age range of 23 to 88 years. Three were postmenopausal, seven were in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, and one had had a previous hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. DCTs most likely represent a physiologic process of cyclic shedding of cilia from the cells of the fallopian tubes during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Structural changes in contractile proteins of muscle fibers studied by polarization ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy. X. The effect of ATP, Ca2+, pH change and ionic strength of the washing solution on the structural state of thick filaments].

By the method of polarized ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, effects of ATP, Ca2+, changes in pH and ionic strength of washing solution of the structural state of thick filaments in both actin-free muscle fibers of rabbit and anisotropic discs (A-discs) of glycerinated fibers of crab were studied. The dependence of tryptophan fluorescence anisotropy of thin filaments upon physico-chemical parameters (compounds) of washing solution has been found. The structural state of thick filaments was suggested to be influenced by ATP, Ca2+, changes in pH and ionic strength of washing solution.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Peritoneal washings in ovarian tumors. Potential sources of error in cytologic diagnosis.

Peritoneal washings were performed on 48 patients with suspected or known ovarian carcinoma. The procedure was part of the initial surgical staging in 27 patients with presumed stage I and II ovarian cancer and was performed during second-look operations in 21 other cases with proven ovarian malignancy. This paper presents the microscopic features of the washings, with particular emphasis on the cytologic differentiation between benign and malignant findings outside of the ovary. Thirty-four cases showed benign or reactive mesothelial cells and no evidence of peritoneal disease. The washings of six patient showed malignant cells, which were confirmed histologically. Notable atypia that mimicked ovarian carcinoma was found in eight patients who had benign or borderline lesions. These findings included papillary and glandlike epithelial structures, with varying degrees of cellular atypia and psammoma bodies. The histologic counterparts of these atypicalities were Müllerian inclusions, mesothelial proliferations and borderline serous tumors. The differential diagnosis between these entities is essential because false-positive cytologic diagnoses may alter postoperative treatment in some patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗