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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effect of certain nutrients on the production of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F.

The effects of certain nutrients on dextransucrase (sucrose: 1,6-alpha-d-glucan 6-alpha-d-glucosyltransferase EC 2.4.1.5) production from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F were studied. An increase in concentration of sucrose to 4% in the enzyme production medium resulted in the increase of activity of dextransucrase. Higher enzyme yields were obtained at low yeast extract and high phosphate concentrations. The presence of peptone and beef extract in the medium in addition to 2% yeast extract resulted in an enhanced production of dextransucrase. The enzyme activity increased by 30% by both peptone and beef extract. Addition of Tween 80 to the medium enhanced the production of enzyme and the activity was increased by 25%. Magnesium ions stimulated the activity marginally. Sodium fluoride enhanced the activity of dextransucrase by 25%.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1991

Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXXVIII: Effect of body temperature on the convulsant activity of pentylenetetrazol in rats.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of body temperature on the pharmacodynamics (convulsant activity) of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Rats received an iv infusion of PTZ until the onset of maximal seizures, at which time samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and blood (for serum) were obtained for subsequent determination of PTZ concentrations by HPLC. The PTZ infusion caused a decrease in body temperature of approximately 4 degrees C within 20 min and onset of seizures in approximately 40 min. Compared with animals whose temperature was maintained in the normal range by heating pads, the hypothermic rats required significantly larger doses and higher serum, brain, and CSF concentrations of PTZ to produce seizures. Other rats received an injection of brewer's yeast to produce fever. Then, PTZ was infused 6, 12, or 24 h later when body temperature was elevated by an average of 1.3, 1.1, or 0.4 degrees C, respectively. Compared with control rats, whose temperature was maintained in the normal range by heating pads, moderate hyperthermia had no significant effect on the dose and concentrations of PTZ required to produce maximum seizures. Pentylenetetrazol exemplifies a drug that can produce hypothermia which, in turn, reduces the sensitivity of rats to its pharmacologic action. Unlike the central nervous system (CNS) depressants phenobarbital and ethanol, whose pharmacologic activity in rats is enhanced at elevated body temperature, the activity of the CNS stimulant PTZ is apparently not altered by fever.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis and antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic testing of 4-[1-oxo-(3-substituted aryl)-2-propenyl]-3-phenylsydnones and of 3-[4-[3-(substituted aryl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]phenyl]sydnones.

Two series of styrylcarbonyl 3-phenylsydnone derivatives, 4-[1-oxo-(3-substituted aryl)-2-propenyl]-3-phenylsydnones (series 1, 1-21) and 3-[4-[3-(substituted aryl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]phenyl]sydnones (series II, 22-40), were synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically at a dose of 100 mg/kg po. Eleven compounds in series I plus one in series II and six in series I plus seven in series II were active in the carrageenan-induced edema and acetic acid-induced writhing assays, respectively. Compound 35 in the latter assay showed activity somewhat similar to that of the positive control drug, aspirin, administered at the same dosage. Compounds 11, 17, and 23 showed activity in both assays, and 23 also was active in the adjuvant-induced arthritis assay.

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

Overexpression of multisubunit replication factors in yeast.

Facile genetic and biochemical manipulation coupled with rapid cell growth and low cost of growth media has established the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a versatile workhorse. This article describes the use of yeast expression systems for the overproduction of complex multipolypeptide replication factors. The regulated overexpression of these factors in yeast provides for a readily accessible and inexpensive source of these factors in large quantities. The methodology is illustrated with the five-subunit replication factor C. Whole-cell extracts are prepared by blending yeast cells with glass beads or frozen yeast with dry ice. Procedures are described that maximize the yield of these factors while minimizing proteolytic degradation.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1976

Studies on Hymenolepis microstoma in vitro. II. Effect of yeast extract on development and maturation.

Four day old in vivo Hymenolepis microstoma were cultured in vitro for 6 days in media containing 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.1% yeast extract. Worms from all groups including control group increased in length and produced nearly equivalent numbers of proglottids. However, worms grown in yeast extract added media produced significantly more mature proglottids and were heavier than those in the control medium. The possibility of pyridoxin involvement has been contemplated. Effects of osmotic pressure and pH on the development of worms are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Nucleotide pools of growing, synchronized and stressed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

High pressure liquid chromatography has been used to study the acid soluble nucleotide pool of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different conditions of growth. ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD, GTP, UTP, UDP, CTP, CDP, and UDP-sugars plus UMP could be separated and were found in concentrations higher than 0.1 mumol per g yeast cell dry weight (= detection limit). During glucose-limited continuous culture the levels of individual nucleotides depended on the growth rate, which was most pronounced with pyrimidine (uridine, cytidine) nucleotides. The energy charge (E.C.) remained high (0.9) at all growth rates (0.07-0.3 h-1). During synchronized growth at a constant growth rate (0.11 h-1) almost all nucleotide levels and the E.C. remained at constant values with the only exception of UDP-sugars and UMP of which increased levels were found during the phase of budding. Under conditions of metabolic stress (addition of antimycin A, deoxyglucose plus iodoacetate) pronounced changes in the levels of purine (adenine and guanine) nucleotides and the E.C. were observed. All other nucleotides were less influenced by these conditions. Only under these conditions IMP accumulation was observed. The results strongly argue against the significance of purine nucleotide or E.C. measurements under viable conditions. In contrast, changes in the levels of pyrimidine nucleotides seem to be indicative of changes in the flux through the metabolic pathways where they act as coenzymes.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1982

The in vitro cultivation of Taenia pisiformis to sexually mature adults.

Taenia pisiformis was cultivated from a cysticercus to a non-fertile adult in a diphasic medium. This medium was composed of coagulated bovine serum, as a solid phase, and CMRL 1066, modified by the addition of fetal calf serum, yeast extract, glucose and KCl, as a liquid phase. The medium was gassed with 10% O2 and 5% CO2 in N2. Evidence of morphogenesis with proglottid formation occurred after 7-8 days of culture, and genital pores were formed after 22 days. Some worms showed signs of teratological changes with two or three genital pores.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Prevention of further recurrences of Clostridium difficile colitis with Saccharomyces boulardii.

A patient with six documented episodes of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis over an eight-month period is described. Relapses of colitis occurred despite treatment with vancomycin, metronidazole, bacitracin, and cholestyramine. Each recurrence appeared to begin successively closer to the end of the previous course of treatment. Four episodes were sufficiently severe to require hospitalization for rehydration. Saccharomyces boulardii, a nonpathogenic yeast, was begun prior to discontinuing vancomycin therapy for the last recurrence and was continued for three months. Serial stool cultures and assays for C. difficile showed persistence of the organism but rapid reduction of high titers of cytotoxin. No further recurrences of diarrhea or colitis were encountered while the patient was taking Saccharomyces boulardii and for 18 months of follow-up after the yeast was discontinued.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Cloning of Drosophila cells: effect of vitamins and yeast extract components.

Yeast extract, a component of Drosophila cell culture media, is shown to contain substances of high, intermediate, and low molecular weight, that are, respectively, essential, inhibitory, and stimulatory for colony formation in semisolid agar medium. Furthermore, it is shown that high concentrations of pyridoxal greatly increase the cloning efficiency of Drosophilia cells. A cloning method with line Kc is described which routinely gives cloning efficiencies in excess of 20%.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of hydromechanical forces on the production of filamentous haemagglutinin and pertussis toxin of Bordetella pertussis.

The production of Bordetella pertussis extracytoplasmic filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin (PT) in a bioreactor under stirring conditions was studied in order to investigate the effect of hydromechanical forces on yields of both antigens. It was shown that FHA loses its haemagglutinin activity when the power transmitted by the agitator and the aerator per unit volume increases, whereas PT production is not affected. The loss of FHA activity can be explained by the action of shear forces on the filamentous structure of this antigen.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Metabolic roles of peptone and yeast extract for the culture of a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli.

The influence of complex compounds on the growth of a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli containing the gene encoding glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as well as the production of this enzyme have been studied. Batchwise cultures led to an accumulation of acetate, which was not utilized in a yeast extract-free medium. After glucose exhaustion, growth stopped and enzyme activity decreased. Whereas yeast extract allowed acetate assimilation and growth, peptone stabilized the enzymatic activity. The addition of both compounds resulted in optimal performances for enzyme production.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1995

The serine protease inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibits neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activity induced by the calcium ionophore ionomycin and serum opsonised yeast particles.

The effect on human neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activity of the serine protease inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) was investigated. Pretreatment of neutrophils with the protease inhibitor did not affect the release of reactive oxygen species induced by fMLP. However, the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species induced by ionomycin and yeast particles was largely inhibited in DFP treated cells. Production of reactive oxygen species in subcellular fractions was not affected by the protease inhibitor, neither when the plasma membrane nor when the specific granules were used as source for the b cytochrome subunit of the oxidase. This shows that DFP does not affect the assembly of the oxidase or the activity of the assembled complex. We suggest that serine protease activity is of importance for the signal(s) induced by the Ca2+ ionophore and the yeast particles to reach the dormant NADPH oxidase present in the specific granules and phagolysosomes.

Adult↗