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Amputation: preoperative psychological preparation.

More than 90 percent of all amputations are now due to the complications of chronic disease. Because most amputations can be anticipated, the preoperative period allows the opportunity for psychological preparation of the patient. This article highlights the important contribution family physicians can make before patients undergo amputation. Common patient reactions before and after amputation are reviewed, and an illustrative case is described. Our experience and review of the literature suggest that psychological intervention during the preoperative period is associated with a less complicated postoperative adjustment and grieving experience. The family physician can promote patient adjustment by providing accurate information, eliciting unspoken fears, and encouraging the involvement of the patient's family. By emphasizing the patient's enduring characteristics and his or her past coping ability, we believe that family physicians can lessen the psychological distress of amputation and facilitate adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Relationships of psychological distress and health locus of control beliefs with the use of cognitive and behavioral coping strategies in low back pain patients.

Relationships between locus of control beliefs (HLC), psychological distress (GHQ-12), and coping strategies were studied in 415 subjects with low back pain (LBP) (2 of 3 were men, with a mean age of 45 years). Those with more external beliefs and symptoms of psychological distress reported more severe LBP. Logistic stepwise regression analyses indicated associations between use of coping strategies and psychological distress and HLC beliefs. Irrespective of the degree of LBP, use of more active behavioral coping strategies were more frequent in subjects who had strong beliefs in internal control over back pain. In addition, catastrophizing thoughts were more frequent in subjects who had symptoms of psychological distress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Psychological aspects of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is treatable but not curable. Management is complex and involves dietary restrictions and sometimes daily injections. There is also a significant risk of serious complications which, at their worst, may include blindness, gangrene and renal failure. It is not surprising that a combination such as this may have significant psychological implications.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

An empirical assessment of stress-coping styles in military pilots.

Although aircraft pilots are generally regarded as having superior stress-coping skills, there has been relatively little empirical research on how pilots cope with stress. New stress-coping models and measures for understanding and assessing these previously elusive processes greatly facilitate the empirical study of stress-coping styles. This study employed a new measure of stress-coping style, rationally developed from an integrative model of coping, to study stress-coping in U.S. Army pilots. Results indicated that the pilots preferred problem-focused stress-coping strategies oriented towards direct action to master stressful situations. Also, the pilots tended to deemphasize emotion-focused forms of coping with stress. Differences in stress-coping between pilots and samples of aircrewmen and non-rated military personnel suggest that this coping style reflects differences in psychological functioning independent from the pilots' adaptation to the aviation and military environment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Psychological and social problems of tumor patients].

The fate of the tumor patient is, in the first instance, decided by the medical findings. The institution of treatment is thus determined by somatic problems. In addition to the impaired physical state, however, the emotive and social behavior of the tumor patient is also altered. The nature and quality of the information provided to the patient represents the cornerstone for a trusting relationship between the physician and patient. Such information should be presented gently and should be complete, and should cover more than one session of talks. Informative and explanatory talks should also be held with relatives in an early stage, and a social worker should be involved in good time. Since the physician's task is not solely to combat the tumor, but, rather to heal the patient, or, where this is not possible, to improve his/her condition, he must not only recognize the somatic problems, but also concern himself with the patient's psychological problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Psychological care of the chronically physically ill.

Disease prevalence and health priorities have changed, with increasing emphasis on chronic degenerative problems. Health care for the chronically physically ill needs to focus on realistic and often modest goals. This article presents the case for greater consideration of psychological factors, and outlines an example of a system of psychological care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗