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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Lip sun protection factor of a lipstick sunscreen.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a well-documented need for effective human UVA and UVB photoprotection. Since there are important anatomical variations, the sun protection factor (SPF) of a lipstick sunscreen was measured on the anatomical site intended for use. METHODS: The SPF tests were performed according to Federal US and European COLIPA guidelines. Prior to performing a test on the lip, the minimal erythemal dose (MED) of the unprotected back skin was determined. Subsequently, the sunscreen SPF was measured on the anatomical target site (lip). The evaluator was blinded with respect to scoring the SPF of each sunscreen treatment. Individual test sites were assigned to one of the following treatment conditions: (1) no treatment (MED of unprotected skin); (2) test formulation; (3) reference standard. RESULTS: The MED on unprotected back skin was found to be 25% lower than on unprotected lip skin. The SPF of the lipstick sunscreen was measured 2 units lower than the SPF determined in the classical way on the back skin. CONCLUSION: It was hypothesized that the higher MED of the lower lip compared with back skin was due to the adaptation of this tissue to the continuous exposure to UV radiation.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical landmarks of the temporo-frontal branch of the facial nerve].

The temporal branches of the facial nerve, and in particular the rami for the frontalis muscle, have been the subject of many studies with the main objective of avoiding injury. The usual reference points, sometimes difficult to localise, anatomical variations in their branching and anastomoses are the main points of our investigation. This anatomical dissection study of 30 cadavres, with easy reference points available both superficially and in the depths allow a simple, non complicated localisation of the frontal branch and its anastomosis in a precise way on the mandibular condyle, the zygomatic arch and the temporal region. The distances described a, b, c, are useful in common surgical practice: temporo-mandibular joint surgery, facial lifting, temporal and temporo-parietal fascia flaps, and contralateral neurotomy for frontal symmetrization among others.

Dissection↗
PubMed1998

Assessment of the superior labrum of the shoulder joint with CT-arthrography and MR-arthrography: correlation with anatomical dissection.

The ability to detect and categorize SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) lesions of the scapular labrum is of practical importance to the orthopedic surgeon and the radiologist. The aim of this study, performed on cadaveric shoulders, was to determine whether CT arthrography or MR arthrography is able to show normal anatomical variation of the glenoid labrum and detect labral abnormalities. CT arthrography, MR arthrography followed by anatomical dissection were performed on twenty three fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders and analysed by a radiologist and two orthopaedic surgeons. As Gadolinium intra-articular injection is not allowed in France, we used an iodinated contrast media for both MR arthrography and CT arthrography. In this study, the sensitivity of MR arthrography seemed higher than CT arthrography (respectively 4 and 3 labral lesions diagnosed out of five), although no significant statistical conclusions can be made due to the small number of cases. In conclusion, under such specific conditions, MR arthrography seems to be the method of choice for the detection and classification of labral lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Ocular parameters in the subgroups of angle closure glaucoma.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare anatomical parameters, thought to be responsible for causing angle closure glaucoma (ACG), among eyes having acute, subacute or chronic ACG. METHODS: Ninety consecutive patients diagnosed with a subgroup of ACG, and 30 age, sex and refraction matched controls, provided a total of 240 eyes for a prospective study. The refractive error, corneal diameter, keratometry, pachymetry, lens thickness and axial length were measured and the relative lens position was calculated. The data were analysed by paired t-test, ANOVA, signed rank test and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Acute ACG eyes were mildly hyperopic. All the ACG subgroups had similarly short eyeballs and a steeper corneal curvature compared to control eyes. Acute ACG lenses were thicker than all the other groups (P < 0.001), but all ACG eyes had thicker lenses than the controls. Corneal diameters and anterior chamber depths were decreased in acute and chronic ACG eyes compared with subacute ACG and controls (P < 0.001). The uninvolved fellow eyes in each subgroup differed from affected eyes only in having more posteriorly positioned lenses. CONCLUSIONS: There was a spectrum of anatomical variations seen in the subgroups of ACG. Acute ACG eyes expressed an extreme shift of anatomical features away from normal, especially, smaller corneal diameters, leading to a large mobile lens in an already crowded anterior segment. This predisposed them to a severe relative pupillary block, and to a form of ciliary block glaucoma. Chronic ACG eyes were less divergent from normal and therefore could have suffered a milder form of the same kind of angle closure, but over a more prolonged period. Subacute ACG eyes deviated least from controls, and therefore exhibited mild signs and spontaneous resolution. Further work is required to elucidate completely the pathophysiology that leads to ACG.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

The value of anatomical study of the platysma muscle in cervical lifting.

Medial fibers of the platysma muscle present anatomical variations at the submental area. It is important that patients be operated on according to the anatomical distribution of these fibers. The method described is easy and safe, based on anatomical studies and on clinical observations. It is another option for the treatment of cervicofacial deformities.

Face↗
PubMed1984

The accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA). Diagnostic and therapeutic consequences.

The existence of the accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA) is a rare anatomical variation with an estimated incidence of 0.31%. The embryological development of this artery is unknown. Three anatomical subtypes are described: in the type 1 variety the AMCA arises from the internal carotid artery; in the type 2, the AMCA originates from the proximal part of the anterior cerebral artery; in type 3, the AMCA arises from the distal part of the anterior cerebral artery. The use of endovascular techniques to treat cerebral vascular malformations requires knowledge of the anatomical subtype of AMCA and the brain regions it supplies (cortex, basal ganglia).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arterial switch.

A relatively large spectra of anatomic variations are found within the unifying features of discordant ventriculoarterial connections. Variants that lend themselves to anatomic repair by the arterial switch operation are discussed, these include transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (TGA IVS), TGA associated with a ventricular septal defect (TGA VSD), double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD (DORV VSD), and TGA or DORV with VSD associated with coarctation. Double discordance with VSD, which is currently treated by double switch or Rastelli and atrial switch and which probably represents, in our department, the only remaining indication for atrial switch, is not discussed. Also, we exclude TGA associated with pulmonary stenosis, which is treated by Rastelli or REV operation.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1999

Anatomic study of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve with respect to the ilioinguinal surgical dissection.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the anatomic variations of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve with respect to the ilioinguinal surgical dissection. DESIGN: Cadaveric anatomic study. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight ilioinguinal dissections performed in fifty cadavers. INTERVENTION: The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was identified, and certain location variables were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The distance in millimeters from the medial edge of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), whether the nerve was lateral or medial to the ASIS, and the layer in which the nerve crossed the dissection. RESULTS: In seven dissections, the nerve was twenty-one to twenty-five millimeters medial to the ASIS; in ten dissections, the nerve was twenty-six to thirty millimeters from the ASIS; and in fourteen dissections, the nerve was more than thirty millimeters medial to the superior border of the ASIS. The average medial distance from the ASIS was 20.4 millimeters, with a range of three to forty-six millimeters. In no specimen did the nerve pass lateral to the ASIS. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was found to lie anterior to the iliopsoas muscle in all specimens. CONCLUSION: The course of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is highly variable; the nerve was most commonly found at ten to fifteen millimeters from the ASIS and as far medially as forty-six millimeters. When using the illioinguinal surgical approach, if the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is not encountered immediately adjacent to the ASIS, dissection up to five centimeters medial to the ASIS may be necessary to locate the nerve.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The reliability of computerized tomographic detection of the Onodi (Sphenoethmoid) cell.

Optic nerve injury is a devastating potential complication of endoscopic sinus surgery. Anatomic variations of the posterior ethmoid sinus are certainly contributing factors. In the most well described posterior ethmoid anatomical variant, the sphenoethmoid or Onodi cell, the optic nerve is placed at risk during sinus surgery. Improving preoperative and intraoperative identification of the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell could decrease the risk of optic nerve injury. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability of computerized tomography (CT) in detecting the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell, and further our understanding of this clinically relevant anatomic variant. A total of 41 sinonasal complexes from 21 human adult cadaveric heads were studied with a standard coronal and axial plane CT, and subsequent endoscopic dissection. The prevalence of the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell was determined by CT and endoscopic dissection, as were other anatomic characteristics of the posterior ethmoid anatomy. In our study, CT identified a sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell in 3/41 (7%) of the sphenoethmoid complexes. However, anatomic dissection identified a sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell in 16/41 (39%) complexes. Coronal orientation of the anterior sphenoid wall was never associated with a sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell. Conversely, oblique or horizontal orientations were present in all cases of sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cells. Current CT scanning protocols for the paranasal sinuses did not reliably detect the Onodi cell. Endoscopic dissection indicates that the sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell is a more frequent anatomic variant than previously appreciated. Awareness of anterior sphenoid wall orientation may assist surgeons in identifying the Onodi cell, thereby reducing the risk of optic nerve trauma.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The incidence of ganglion cysts and other variations in anatomy along the course of the suprascapular nerve.

When the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome is being considered, variations in anatomy are possible etiologic factors. Seventy-nine shoulders from 41 cadavers were examined for anatomic variations and for ganglion cyst formation in the suprascapular notch, superior transverse scapular ligament, and inferior transverse scapular ligament. The morphologic evaluation of the suprascapular notch revealed a "U" shape in 77% and a "V" shape in 23%, with 89% of cadavers having the same notch shape bilaterally. In 23% of shoulders a variation of the superior transverse scapular ligament was demonstrated such as partial and complete ossification and multiple bands including the first report of a trifid superior transverse scapular ligament. An inferior transverse scapular ligament was observed in only 14% of shoulders. One ganglion cyst was identified, for an incidence of 1%. The mass was located in the supraspinatus fossa adjacent to the superior transverse scapular ligament and appeared to compress and alter the course of the suprascapular nerve. When operative treatment is elected for suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome and an open surgical approach is undertaken, the location and source of disease and morphologic and anatomic variants must be recognized to ensure adequate access and complete decompression of the suprascapular nerve. The classical description of the superior transverse scapular ligament as a completely nonossified single band should be expected, on average, in approximately three fourths of the cases. Partial or complete ossification and anomalous bands of the superior transverse scapular ligament or a ganglion cyst along the course of the suprascapular nerve may be encountered. Although a superior transverse scapular ligament should be anticipated in all shoulders, an inferior transverse scapular ligament will be a much less frequent finding. The role and significance of suprascapular notch morphologic characteristics warrant further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Marinacci communication. Case report.

Marinacci or reverse Martin-Gruber communication is a rare anatomical variation. Until now, in all reported cases the branch was diagnosed using electrophysiological studies but not substantiated anatomically. The authors report a case of ulnar-median nerve communication in the distal forearm that was discovered during carpal tunnel release surgery and confirmed postoperatively on electromyographic studies.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2000

[Absence of the radial artery: case report and review of the literature].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: We report a case of complete unilateral absence of the radial artery in the forearm and reviewed the pertinent literature. CASE REPORT: An 18-year-old girl was admitted for multiple fractures after a car accident. She presented with a comminuted fracture of the left distal humerus, an open grade I fracture according to the Gustilo classification involving the right ulna and radius, a mediodiaphyseal fracture of the right femur and an open grade II fracture of the proximal and distal left tibia. After open reduction and internal fixation of the bones of the right forearm, she presented transient ischemia of her right hand, the radial pulse not being detectable at the end of surgery. An arteriography showed a complete absence of the right radial artery, which was thought to be caused by arterial thrombosis. Surgical exploration evidenced the complete absence of the radial artery. DISCUSSION: Absence of the radial artery is observed in radial preaxial hemimelia, in specific genetic and chromosomal disorders (Fanconi's anemia, Holt-Oram syndrome) and in association with other malformations. Unilateral absence of the radial artery has been described in association with other vascular abnormalities such as a larger anterior interosseous artery or the presence of a medial artery. Our case presented an isolated anatomical variation of the radial artery. This vascular anomaly was asymptomatic and discovered fortuitously. The incidence of this anatomic anomaly may be underestimated in the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Atherosclerotic involvement in patients with left or right dominant coronary circulation.

BACKGROUND: There are variations in the anatomy of the coronary arteries in patients with left dominant circulation. The influence of anatomical variations in patients with left dominant circulation on coronary arteriosclerosis is not clear. AIM: We investigated whether atherosclerotic involvement in patients with left dominant circulation differs from that in patients with right dominant circulation. METHODS: We retrospectively compared 38 consecutive angiograms with left coronary dominance with 459 consecutive angiograms with right coronary dominance. By using the 29-segment coding system of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, numerical values were given to each segment, according to the percentage of the decrease in luminary diameter. Using, the sum of numerical values in each coronary artery, LAD score, LCx score, RCA score, and left main coronary artery (LMCA) score were obtained. Using the sum of these 4 vessel scores, the coronary artery disease (CAD) score was calculated. RESULTS: Total LAD score (49+/-48 vs 47+/-57), total LCx score (29+/-45 vs 41+/-58), total RCA score (32+/-68 vs 30+/-51), total LMCA score (1.8+/-11.3 vs 2.9+/-13.6) and total CAD score (108+/-108 vs 108+/-123) were similar in patients with left and right dominant circulation (all differences NS). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of coronary atherosclerosis does not depend on the type of dominant coronary circulation.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Anatomy of the glenoid labrum].

Most instabilities or pain syndromes are associated with injuries or morphologic changes in the glenoid labrum complex or long head of the biceps tendon origin. The first anatomic descriptions go back to Fick in 1910 and since then many authors have described the anatomy of these structures. It was Snyder who introduced the term SLAP lesions, classifying superior, anterior, posterior labrum changes into four grades. It is still unclear whether all of the described and arthroscopically observed changes are due to a post-traumatic, acquired lesion or whether anatomic variations can be present as well. In order to elucidate this problem, 36 cadaver shoulder joints were inspected macroscopically and sectioned for microscopic evaluation. Here the glenoid could be divided into an superior and an anterior- superior area demonstrating a wide variety of morphologic labral glenoid changes, while the dorsal and inferior sectors of the glenoid showed a relatively uniform anatomy of a firm labrum-glenoid bond. Four types of biceps tendon attachments could be identified similar to the description given by Vangsness. In addition, a variety of anterior-superior changes could be found. The sublabral hole as described by Esch in the clinical setting was found to be a physiologic variant. Precise knowledge of the anatomic morphology of the normal glenoid in its variations seems to be necessary to understand variants and allow for distinguishing between physiologic anatomic variants and pathoanatomic changes in imaging and the clinical setting.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Correlation of atrial electrocardiographic amplitude with radiofrequency energy required to ablate cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible correlation between atrial ECG amplitude in common atrial flutter (AFL) and radiofrequency (RF) energy required to achieve cavotricuspid isthmus block. BACKGROUND: The amount of RF delivery required for ablation of typical AFL is variable. This variation has been attributed to the cavotricuspid isthmus anatomy. Atrial ECG amplitude can be a marker of atrial anatomic variations and therefore may correlate with RF duration required to achieve cavotricuspid isthmus block. METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients were prospectively studied. Ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus was performed by creating a line of block between the inferior tricuspid annulus and the inferior caval vein using 8-mm-tip electrode catheters. If more than 20 minutes of RF time was required to achieve conduction block, the catheter was changed to an irrigated-tip catheter. Atrial ECG amplitude was assessed in leads II, III, aVF, and aVL. RESULTS: A total of 14 +/- 11 minutes of RF energy was delivered to achieve block in all patients; 12 patients (8%) required more than 20 minutes. Atrial ECG amplitude showed highly significant correlations with cumulative RF energy (F and P waves in lead II: r = 0.703 and r = 0.737, P < .001). P-wave amplitude <0.2 mV and/or flutter wave amplitude <0.35 mV in lead II have a high negative predictive value to predict <20 min RF delivery (96% and 89% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation exists between atrial ECG amplitude and amount of RF required to ablate typical AFL. Atrial ECG amplitude may be a surrogate marker of characteristics of isthmus anatomy. These findings may influence the choice of catheter used for cavotricuspid isthmus ablation.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Overtube-assisted ERCP in patients with altered gastric and esophageal anatomy.

INTRODUCTION: ERCP has been a significant advance in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic and biliary diseases. However, anatomic variations may prevent successful ERCP. METHODS: Advancement of a duodenoscope during ERCP was impeded in 4 patients by anatomic alterations of the esophagus and/or the stomach. The overtube, 80 cm length, was used to allow passage of a duodenoscope to the papilla. RESULTS: All overtube assisted ERCP procedures were completed successfully and included sphincterotomy (2), bile duct stone extraction (2), and placement of a metal expandable stent (1). CONCLUSION: Use of an overtube allows safe and successful passage of a duodenoscope in patients with anatomic alterations of the esophagus and/or the stomach.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Hepatic resection.

A thorough understanding of the detailed anatomy of the liver and of its anatomic variations is necessary for planning elective hepatic resection and surgical management of patients with hepatic trauma. Techniques for anatomic resections are outlined.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗