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[Clinical and epidemiological behavior of human leptospirosis in Los Palacios municipality, Pinar del Rio, Cuba].

A descriptive-retrospective study was performed to find out some epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in Los Palacios municipality in the period January 1996 to December 1998. Data were obtained from an epidemiological survey of leptospirosis cases, which was made y the Municipal Hygiene and Epidemiological Center. The results were 94% of cases were males; the most affected aged group was 14-19y (21,8%). Fever (100%), myalgia(84%) and arthralgia (62%) were the most common clinical findings. Rice harvesting work (87,5%) was significantly associated to the onset of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality control of the diagnosis of malaria in the province of Cienfuegos, Cuba].

Data were collected by surveying all the technicians that worked at the different primary and secondary health care units. A quality control was carried out in the diagnosis of paludism in the 18 laboratories of the province of Cienfuegos. Various parameters were controlled. The method A considered 4 aspects to be evaluated: preparation of the material, sample taking, staining and microscopy. The method B consisted in an efficiency test by the observation of a set of laminae negative and positive to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. In both cases, it was established a scoring scale. Besides, the physical conditions of the laboratory, the personnel permanence, as well as the time of experience in the diagnosis of paludism, were taken into account. The best results were obtained with the fixed personnel working in the paludism section. It was proved with a statistical significance level that the good category predominated for methods A and B after evaluating all the technicians. The study showed a better preparation of the personnel with less than 5 years of experience, which was related to the participation in the training course conducted at the provincial level by "Pedro Kouri" Tropical Medicine Institute 6 months before the investigation. Deficiencies were found in the conditions of the clinical and microbiology laboratories.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
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[Intestinal parasitosis in children admitted to the Pediatric Teaching Hospital of Cerro, Havana City, Cuba].

A study on intestinal parasitism was conducted among 401 children admitted in the Pediatric Teaching Hospital of Cerro, from May to June, 1999. To this end, a representative, randomized and stratified sample by service was taken. 3 samples of feces per child were collected, preserved in formaldehyde, and processed by 3 parasitological methods. There was an intestinal parasitism prevalence of 15% at the hospital and there were no differences between the stratum of children admitted in Gastroenterology and the rest of the services as regards commensals and parasites in general (p > 0.05); however, commensals predominated in the second group (p < 0.01) The intestinal coccidia, Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis prevailed in the Gastroenterology service over the rest of the services (p < 0.01). The age group over 4 (school children) was the most affected, both by protozoa and commensals (p < 0.01), excepting Cryptosporidium parvum that affected the infants more (p < 0.05). The analysis of some epidemiological antecedents showed that those children eating fruit without peeling and washing them, having vegetables withouth washing them first and walking barefooted were more prone to infection (RR > 1). A higher frequency of infection due to intestinal parasites was found among those living in rural areas, drinking well or river water, and defecating in latrines or in the open air (RR > 1). These results suggested that in spite of the existing knowledge of the epidemiological and risk factors, the intestinal parasites continue affecting the child population

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of medical education in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in Cuba].

The results of the National Toxoplasmosis Reference Laboratory during 1999 and 2000 were processed and the evaluations on this topic were simultaneously analyzed among 51 professionals that attended the First National Workshop held at "Pedro Kouri" Institute of Tropical Medicine at that time. Of 3 672 orders, 3 171 (86.3%) did not have the reason for serology, 36.1% had no place of origin and only 301 cases (8.1%) were indicated the matched serum. On analyzing the main causes leading to make this test, 13.5% corresponded to repeated abortions, which is not accepted at present as a clinical manifestation in the course of the disease. Coincidentally, when some professionals were evaluated through a survey about the basic aspects related to this parasitosis, only 31.3% were able to obtain satisfactory marks. Most of the mistakes were observed in the interpretation of the laboratory results.

Cuba↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plant extracts with cytostatic properties growing in Cuba. II].

The study of the cytostatic activity of aqueous, alcoholic and ketonic extracts from 18 parts of 9 species of superior plants of the families Araceae, Borraginacease, Burseraceae, Cesalpinaceae, Meliaceae, Compositae, Rebiaceae, Cruciferaceae and Verbenaceae using the microbiologic method of described by Kubas in 1972 is pursued. The best results were obtained from Hamelia patens. Lippia alba, Lepidium virginicum, Cassia ligustrina, Bursera simaruba and Heliotropium campechianum extracts.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plant extracts with cytostatic properties growing in Cuba. I].

The cytostatic activity of aqueous, alcoholic and ketonic extracts of 9 species of superior plants of the families Fitolacaceae, Compositae, Moraceae, Zingiberaceae, Martiniaceae, Mirtaceae, Verbenaceae and Annonaceae was assessed. The Kubas microbiologic method and the fungus Ascomiceto Neurospora crassa were used in the assessment. The fungus growth was measured in millimeters. Inhibition percentages for every case regarding control are reported. The best results were obtained from Annona muricata, Costus spiralis, Cecropia peltata, Xanthium chinense and Pluchea adorata extracts.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Early detection and intervention of hearing impairment in Cuba: outcome after 20 years].

INTRODUCTION: Infant hearing loss is a highly prevalent disorder which untreated can severely disrupt normal brain development. As a result there is a significant delay in language acquisition as well as many cognitive and emotional problems in the child. Over the last decades important advances have occurred in the available technology for early detection and assessment of hearing impairment. Therefore many countries worldwide have become aware of the need for hearing screening programs. The optimal protocols depending on the local conditions of health care as well as the availability of technological and human resources. AIM: To summarize the results obtained over the last 20 years by an ongoing hearing screening protocol. DEVELOPMENT: Data on the coverage program, sensitivity and specificity, age of identification of hearing losses, diagnostic and intervention stages will be summarized and discussed. Also the long terms effects of early detection on the child cognitive and language development are analyzed. Finally, the possible role of a new technique based on the recording of multiple auditory steady state potentials with Cuban equipment (AUDIX system) was evaluated within this context. CONCLUSIONS: The Cuban targeting multiple high risk hearing screening program is a useful alternative to early detection of hearing losses. The average detection age of hearing loss was 10 months during the period of optimal functioning. Cognitive, emotional and linguistic development are improved by early detection and intervention. The multiple auditory steady state responses can provide valuable audiometric information within a screening context.

Child↗