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PubMed1986

The role of cartilage canals in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced polyarthritis.

Porcine articular cartilage from cases of experimentally induced Erysipelas polyarthritis, a comparative model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in man, was examined with different histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The preexisting canals in articular cartilage played a crucial role during the flooding and deposition of arthritogenic microorganisms deep into the cartilage matrix. Subsequently this vascularized tissue mediated the same inflammatory reactions in hyaline cartilage of young animals as seen in other connective tissues. However, these stereotypical responses to injury were modulated by the unique composition and structure of articular cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Borderline-tissues as sites of antigen deposition and persistence--a unifying concept of rheumatoid inflammation?

In organs of rheumatoid inflammation avascular tissue is nourished by perfusion either directly from the blood stream or by neighbouring blood vessels (borderline-tissue). An open question remains whether this borderline-tissue promotes only the known antigen persistence, or also the first deposition of the pathogenetically important microbial antigen, and subsequently a deposition of immune complexes. The three markers (carbon, latex, and living bacteria) used in this study led to nearly the same pattern of deposition in two groups of organ systems: Organs with clearance function belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS); organs with borderline-tissues: joint, kidney, artery, heart valve, and eye. This deposition at the borderline can be observed best in areas of the joint where highly vascularized tissues are adjacent to avascular tissues nourished via perfusion: perichondrium, peritendineum, periosteum, and endo- and perimysium. These localisations of particle deposition correspond exactly with the intraarticular predilection sites of chronic rheumatoid inflammation in man and animals. Our results indicate an easier settlement of corpuscular material in these localisations, which at the same time are unable to eliminate such substances, unlike the organs of the MPS. Our studies seem to support the theory of pathogenetic importance of the borderline-tissues as a localizing factor in the perpetuating rheumatoid inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intercellular network in articular cartilage of pigs with experimentally induced arthritis. I. Fact or artifact?

Porcine articular cartilage from cases of experimentally induced Erysipelas arthritis was examined with different histological techniques and by electron microscopy. A small percentage of specimens of osteoarthritic cartilage revealed an interlacunar network in the extracellular matrix. These "matrix-streaks" showed characteristic features of densely packed fibrillar elements and collagenous fibrils, as narrow bands connecting adjacent chondrocytes. In a given cartilage site the network had a constant pattern. It is hypothesized that the network formation is correlated with altered joint metabolism and represents regressive changes in cartilage matrix as a result of external mechanical forces. Using a variety of methods, the possibility of the network being an artifact of histological processing could virtually be ruled out. As there are so far only few and contradictory reports on the interlacunar network of articular cartilage, its precise biological significance remains to be established.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vitro antibacterial activity of moxalactam, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic.

The antibacterial activity of moxalactam was studied in vitro against 229 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms using the agar dilution technique. Mueller-Hinton agar was used as growth medium. The results were compared to those obtained with cefamandole. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by moxalactam at a concentration of 8 microgram/ml or less. The concentrations of cefamandole with which the same effect was obtained were 0.5 microgram/ml and 2 microgram/ml respectively. Moxalactam was highly inhibitory against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus morganii - 90% of the strains were inhibited by 0.125 microgram/ml. Moxalactam was highly superior against Proteus rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are usually resistant to cefamandole: the MIC100 and MIC90 were 0.25 microgram/ml and 8 microgram/ml respectively. High sensitivity was found in strains of Salmonella species, nine of which were Salmonella typhi: the MIC90 was < 0.063 microgram/ml versus the eightfold higher concentration of cefamandole. The broad-spectrum activity and unusual MIC patterns of moxalactam - eight or manyfold higher concentrations of cefamandole were needed to inhibit 90% of most gram-negative strains studied - make moxalactam an unusual and promising antibiotic.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed2001

Quality control of inactivated erysipelas vaccines: results of an international collaborative study to establish a new regulatory test.

According to the specifications of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph (Swine Erysipelas Vaccine (Inactivated), Monograph no. 64, European Pharmacopoeia, 3rd edn., 1997) on erysipelas vaccines for veterinary use, batch potency is estimated in a multi-dilution assay after immunisation and infection of mice. Recently, we described a serological assay system (ELISA) which has the potential to replace this challenge-based model (Beckmann R, Cussler K. Wirksamkeitsprüfung von Rotlaufimpfstoffen an der Labormaus. ELISA kontra Infektionsversuch. ALTEX 1994;Suppl. 1:39-45; Rosskopf-Streicher U, Johannes S, Hausleithner D, Gyra H, Cussler K. Suitability of an ELISA for the batch potency test in laboratory mice. Pharmeuropa BIO 1998;1:65-70). The humoral immune response is quantified in pooled sera of ten mice three weeks after immunisation. The results are expressed as relative potency (RP) in comparison to a reference serum. After a pre-validation study had been performed with success (Rosskopf-Streicher U, Johannes S, Wilhelm M, Gyra H, Cussler K. Potency testing of swine erysipelas vaccines by serology - results of a pre-validation study. ALTEX 1999;16:123-8), we initiated an international collaborative study with five European manufacturers and seven regulatory authorities to validate the assay and model. All participants were provided with blind-coded erysipelas vaccines of different potencies, the ELISA kit and test instructions. The participants had to immunise mice, to prepare serum samples and to perform the ELISA. Inter-laboratory reproducibility was reported by the pass/fail criteria of the vaccines under test. Intra-laboratory precision was assessed by comparing repeated measurements on three consecutive days. Day-to-day variation within the laboratories was statistically analysed by comparing pairs of RPs using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. The results show that the ELISA is indeed a suitable alternative to replace the vaccination-challenge test. Furthermore, this new model reduces the number of animals required for the potency test by approximately 80%.

Analysis of Variance↗