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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Inhibition of early steps in the gibberellin-activated synthesis of alpha-amylase.

Subsequent production of amylase is severely inhibited if barban [4-chloro-2-butynyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate] is added to embryo-free half seeds of barley within 4 to 5 hours after gibberellic acid treatment of these seeds. Thirty to 50 mg/L concentrations of barban are effective. Barban inhibition is non-competitive with respect to gibberellic acid. Addition of barban 7 hours or more after gibberellic acid treatment is almost without effect. The delay between gibberellic acid treatment and amylase formation tends to become shorter with more prolonged imbibition periods. Regardless of imbibition period, susceptibility to barban is lost within 7 hours after gibberellic acid treatment. Other herbicidally active phenylurethanes are also inhibitors, but none are as effective as barban. Phenethyl alcohol and 2 arylcarbamates can act as inhibitors.

Amylases↗
PubMed2005

A new role for the Arabidopsis AP2 transcription factor, LEAFY PETIOLE, in gibberellin-induced germination is revealed by the misexpression of a homologous gene, SOB2/DRN-LIKE.

Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes germination, stem/hypocotyl elongation, and leaf expansion during seedling development. Using activation-tagging mutagenesis, we identified a mutation, sob2-D (for suppressor of phytochromeB-4 [phyB-4]#2 dominant), which suppresses the long-hypocotyl phenotype of a phyB missense allele, phyB-4. This mutant phenotype is caused by the overexpression of an APETALA2 transcription factor, SOB2, also called DRN-like. SOB2/DRN-like transcript is not detectable in wild-type seedling or adult tissues via RT-PCR analysis, suggesting that SOB2/DRN-like may not be involved in seedling development under normal conditions. Adult sob2-D phyB-4 plants have curled leaves and club-like siliques, resembling plants that overexpress a closely related gene, LEAFY PETIOLE (LEP). Hypocotyls of a LEP-null allele, lep-1, are shorter in the light and dark, suggesting LEP involvement in seedling development. This aberrant hypocotyl phenotype is due at least in part to a delay in germination. In addition, lep-1 is less responsive to GA and more sensitive to the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, indicating that LEP is a positive regulator of GA-induced germination. RT-PCR shows that LEP transcript accumulates in wild-type seeds during imbibition and germination, and the transcript levels of REPRESSOR OF ga1-3-LIKE2 (RGL2), a negative regulator of GA signaling during germination, is unaffected in lep-1. These results suggest LEP is a positive regulator of GA-induced germination acting independently of RGL2. An alternative model places LEP downstream of RGL2 in the GA-signaling cascade.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, blocks calcium changes, gene expression, and cell death induced by gibberellin in wheat aleurone cells.

The cereal aleurone functions during germination by secreting hydrolases, mainly alpha-amylase, into the starchy endosperm. Multiple signal transduction pathways exist in cereal aleurone cells that enable them to modulate hydrolase production in response to both hormonal and environmental stimuli. Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes hydrolase production, whereas abscisic acid (ABA), hypoxia, and osmotic stress reduce amylase production. In an effort to identify the components of transduction pathways in aleurone cells, we have investigated the effect of okadaic acid (OA), a protein phosphatase inhibitor, on stimulus-response coupling for GA, ABA, and hypoxia. We found that OA (100 nM) completely inhibited all the GA responses that we measured, from rapid changes in cytosolic Ca2+ through changes in gene expression and accelerated cell death. OA (100 nM) partially inhibited ABA responses, as measured by changes in the level of PHAV1, a cDNA for an ABA-induced mRNA in barley. In contrast, OA had no effect on the response to hypoxia, as measured by changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and by changes in enzyme activity and RNA levels of alcohol dehydrogenase. Our data indicate that OA-sensitive protein phosphatases act early in the transduction pathway of GA but are not involved in the response to hypoxia. These data provide a basis for a model of multiple transduction pathways in which the level of cytosolic Ca2+ is a key point of convergence controlling changes in stimulus-response coupling.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed2000

(+)-Gibberellin C: hydrogen-bonding pattern of the monohydrate of a non-racemic pentacyclic diterpenoid.

In the monohydrate of the title compound, (+)-2beta, 4aalpha-dihydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-4bbeta,7alpha- gibbane-1alpha, 10beta-dicarboxylic acid-1,4a-lactone, C(19)H(24)O(6).H(2)O, intermolecular hydrogen bonding progresses helically along b from carboxyl to ketone [O...O = 2.694 (5) A]. The carboxyl and lactone carbonyl groups in translationally related molecules within a helix both accept hydrogen bonds from the same water of hydration. The oxygen of this water in turn accepts a hydrogen bond from the hydroxyl group of a third screw-related molecule in an adjacent counterdirectionally oriented helix, yielding a complex three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding array. Intermolecular O...H-C close contacts were found to the carboxyl and lactone carbonyls, the hydroxyl, and the water.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2001

(-)-gibberic acid: hydrogen-bonding pattern of the monohydrate of a non-racemic tetracyclic delta-keto acid derivative of gibberellin A3.

In the the title compound, 1,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-4balpha,7alpha-gibba-1,3,4a(10a)-triene-10beta-carboxylic acid monohydrate, C18H20O3*H2O, the water of hydration accepts a hydrogen bond from the carboxyl and donates hydrogen bonds to the carboxyl carbonyl and the ketone in two different screw-related neighbors, which are mutually translational, yielding a complex three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding array.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗