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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Morphological change and reversibility of major pelvic ganglion neurons using rat model of partial urethral ligation].

We made partial urethral ligation in female Wistar rats to evaluate the morphological change and the reversibility of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons before and after partial urethral ligation. Thirty rats were divided into 4 groups; normal control group (N = 3), ligation group (N = 9), release of ligation group (N = 9), and sham-operated group (N = 9). WGA-HRP (horseradish peroxidase with lectin wheat germ agglutinin) was injected into the right side of the bladder 4 days before the MPG neurons were removed. MPG was examined by the axonal tracer method. Rats with partial urethral ligation for 1 week exhibited a significant increase in the size (419.1 +/- 146.0 microns2) of the mean area of MPG neurons as compared to the normal controls (318.0 +/- 118.6 microns2), but they showed a steady decrease in size (304.2 +/- 118.6 microns2) similar to that in the sham-operated group (310.2 +/- 116.3 microns2) 3 weeks after the removal of the ligation. The rats with partial urethral ligation for 7 weeks and 11 weeks also exhibited a significant increase in the mean area (7w; 484.1 +/- 192.6 microns2, 11w; 549.4 +/- 181.3 microns2), but they did not show complete recovery (7w; 383.3 +/- 159.6 microns2, 11w; 549.6 +/- 279.5 microns2) as compared to the sham-operated group (7w; 324.4 +/- 124.9 microns2, 11w; 345.9 +/- 121.7 microns2) after removal of ligation. Only the 1-week ligation group showed recovery in neuronal size. These findings imply that the neuronal hypertrophy might become irreversible when the period of partial urethral ligation persisted beyond 7 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Sex-dynamic characterization of patients subjected to radical pelvic cavity surgery].

A retrospective study was carried out using sexual case histories, hormonal profiles, vasoactive drugs test, dynamic cavernosometry and cavernosography on 46 patients who underwent radical cystectomy (26 patients: 57%) and radical prostatectomy (20 patients: 43%) for neoplasia, conducted by means of traditional surgical non-nerve sparing methods, in order to characterize the type of damage affecting the erectile function as a result of surgery. The study was carried out at a minimum of 2 months, a maximum of 9 years and 5 months, an average of 2 years and 6 months, after surgery. One patient (2%) reported intact erectile function and withdrew from the study. 37 patients (80%) showed neurological damage, while the remaining 8 (18%) had prevalently vascular damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with non-seminomatous testicular tumors at clinical stage 1].

Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for low stage testicular cancer involves a low rate of dry ejaculation. The nerve-sparing technique avoids the damage of sympathetic fibers. 7 cases of non seminomatous testicular cancer have been treated by the Author. Through midline incision and intestinal derotation the vascular plane and the sympathetic fiber are identified before starting lymph node dissection. All the patients report physiological ejaculation; the post-operative follow-up is still short but at the present all patients are tumor free. In low stage testicular cancer nerve-sparing lymphadenectomy preserve physiological ejaculation and reducing surgical morbidity as well.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1994

Inguinal herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia: a study of intraoperative tolerance.

Tolerance to inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia was prospectively evaluated in a consecutive series of 41 patients who underwent hernia repair with local infiltration of 0.75 per cent lidocaine. Intraoperative discomfort was measured by an analog visual scale. All complications were also recorded. Mean intraoperative pain was mild (1.6 +/- 1.4). There were two complications. Wound infection and wound hematoma occurred in one patient each. There was no operative mortality. Normal diet was tolerated the day of surgery in 39 patients, and 30 were discharged from the hospital on the same day. Our series supports good tolerance and a low complication rate when inguinal herniorrhaphy is performed under local anesthesia.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

[Anatomy of pelvic nerves and ileo-anal anastomosis].

The risk of sexual sequelae after proctectomy for inflammatory disease or polyposis is moderate, but real. The pelvic nerves can be easily spared at the sites where they are most frequently damaged, i.e. anterior to the sacral promontory and on the lateral walls of the pelvis. In contrast, damage to the cavernosal nerves situated on either side of the posterior surface of the prostate is more difficult to avoid, essentially because of the anatomy of these nerves is poorly understood.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1978

Motor innervation of the urinary tract studied by retrograde axonal transport of protein.

A new method for tracing the nervous control of the bladder is described. A protein substance, horseradish peroxidase, has been shown to be absorbed and transported by nerve fibers. The substance was injected into the bladder neck region of a series of dogs. After uptake by motor neurons the horseradish was carried to the spinal cord segment controlling micturition. Implications regarding the neurophysiology of the urinary tract are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in luminal fluid protein composition in the rat cauda epididymidis following partial sympathetic denervation.

Sympathetic denervation of the rat cauda epididymidis by surgical removal of the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) results in an excessive accumulation of sperm in the cauda epididymidis as well as significant changes in cauda sperm motility and cauda epididymal gross histology. The objective of the present study was to determine if the cauda-specific changes in sperm storage, sperm motility, and epididymal histology following the loss of sympathetic innervation were accompanied by changes in the protein composition of epididymal fluid. One and 4 weeks after surgical IMG removal or sham operations, luminal fluid obtained from the caput and cauda epididymidis and cauda epididymal sperm-associated proteins were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and silver-stained proteins were quantitated. One week after IMG removal, two cauda epididymal fluid (CEF) proteins (2 and 13) had increased 43% and 49%, respectively, whereas four CEF proteins (5, 8, 9, and 19) had decreased between 30% and 73% compared to controls. Four weeks after IMG removal, changes in CEF proteins observed 1 week following surgery were no longer present, but the staining intensities of three additional CEF proteins (11, 12, and 18) were reduced an average of 70% compared to control CEF proteins. By obstructing the cauda epididymidis, we confirmed that the changes in CEF protein composition observed following IMG removal were not the result of sperm accumulation but were due directly to the loss of innervation; the staining intensity of CEF protein 2 increased as a result of excessive sperm accumulation in the cauda epididymidis both in the presence and absence of innervation from the IMG. No significant changes in caput epididymal fluid proteins or cauda epididymal sperm-associated proteins were detected following IMG removal. These data show that the protein composition of rat CEF is significantly affected by the loss of sympathetic innervation and suggest that neuronal input may play an important role in the maintenance of epididymal function.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the neurophysiology of the vas deferens.

In order to investigate the mechanism of sperm transport along the genital ducts, intraluminal pressure of isolated segments of the vas deferens was recorded in vivo. Responses to filling and mechanical as well as pharmacologic and electric stimulation of the autonomic nervous system were monitored. Contraction waves were initated in response to the stretch of filling and from mechanical stimulation. Pharmacologic response was variable. Low doses of alpha-adrenergic stimulant produced an increase in frequency of the contraction wave. Large doses of the same drug induced stroking contraction of the entire vas. alpha-Blocking drugs did not alter the rhythmic activity of the vas. beta-Adrenergic stimulation blocked peristaltic activity while administration of parasympathomimetic drugs increased the force of contraction. Electric stimulation of the hypogastric nerve produced strong sustained contractions. These data suggest that, whenever stretched, the vas deferens responds by regular peristaltic waves of low amplitude. These peristaltic waves can be enhanced by sympathomimetics or electric stimulation of the sympathetic system. The contents of the vas are propulsed into the urethra through strong rhythmic contractions of the entire vas.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Value of ilio-hypogastric block in appendectomy in children].

This prospective study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ilio-hypogastric nerve block for control of post appendicectomy pain in children. Forty-two children aged 3-15 years scheduled for appendicectomy were anaesthetized in the same way. After randomization, a preoperative ilio-hypogastric nerve block was performed in 21 patients. Twenty one were not blocked. The postoperative pain assessment showed a better analgesia in the blocked children group. Analgics were required less in group. Five inefficient blocks were recorded. No complications were noted. Ilio-hypogastric block was found to be safe and efficient for control of post-appendicectomy pain in most children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphadenectomy and nerve sparing technique in radical surgery of rectal cancer].

The extension that should be given to lateral lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of extraperitoneal rectal cancer has not yet been assessed because of the difficulty of realizing randomized prospective clinical trials. The theoretical advantage of an extended lateral lymphadenectomy is represented by an accurate staging of the tumour in patients undergoing surgery for possible curative resection; even if the high percentage (20 per cent) of pelvic node metastasis was already demonstrated, the prognostic impact of lateral lymphadenectomy was not proven until now. The results of the Literature demonstrated that an advanced rectal cancer can not be treated only by conventional surgery: radical surgery (with total mesorectal excision and pelvic lymphadenectomy) or, in alternative, a combined approach-chemo-radiotherapy+surgery-should-be applied in order to improve the 5-year survival and to reduce the percentage of local recurrence. With regard to surgery the main disadvantage for an extended lateral dissection is represented by the high incidence of urinary and sexual dysfunctions. The nerve-sparing technique, when combined to pelvic lymphadenectomy, allows preservation of autonomic innervation to the pelvis. The results of our experience demonstrated that nerve-sparing technique is an effective procedure that reduces the incidence of urinary and sexual dysfunctions when accurately performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Ingelman intervention (transvaginal bladder denervation) with treatment of bladder instability].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and urodynamic results achieved by transvaginal bladder denervation (the Ingelman technique) for bladder instability refractory to anticholinergic therapy. METHODS: The Ingelman procedure was performed in 14 female patients in whom anticholinergic therapy was unsuccessful or contraindicated. The mean age was 53.3 years (range 21-71 yrs.) and the most common presenting symptom was urge incontinence. Bladder instability persisted in 7 patients (involuntary contractions throughout the filling phase), bladder compliance was less than 30 ml/cm H20 in 7 and bladder capacity less than 300 ml in 8 patients. RESULTS: There were no intra or postoperative complications. The mean postoperative follow-up was 10.9 months (range 2-41). One patient was lost to follow-up. CLINICAL RESULTS: 10 patients (71%) reported cessation or decrease of symptoms ('clinical improvement'), 2 referred the same symptoms and 1 claimed to be worse. Urodynamic results: Some urodynamic parameters had improved in 6 of the 10 patients with clinical improvement; however, only 3 had a normal urodynamic study. Some urodynamic parameters (bladder capacity, compliance and first micturition sensation) had become worse in the 3 patients that showed no clinical improvement. There was no statistically significant improvement of the mean values of any urodynamic parameter. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal bladder denervation is a simple and safe procedure. In this series, it has achieved symptomatic improvement in 70% of patients with bladder instability. Urodynamic improvement was observed in only 3 of these patients (21%). Patients with no clinical improvement also showed worse urodynamic data postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Preservation of sexual innervation in the surgery of rectal cancers].

Eighteen out of 55 rectal resections for cancer included preservation of sexual innervation, which was complete in 17 cases and partial in one case. Fourteen patients were evaluated by questionnaire one year after resection; 10 out of 14 (71.4%) did not report any sexual disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Innervation of pelvic viscera in the rat. Evoked potentials in nerves to bladder and penis (clitoris).

In 29 rats, responses evoked by pelvic and hypogastric nerve stimulation were recorded from postganglionic nerves to bladder and penis (clitoris). Responses to pelvic nerve stimulation had nonsynapsing and synapsing components. The nonsynapsing component was relatively large in main nerve to penis and small in lateral nerve to penis and nerves to bladder. Pelvic nerve fiber synapsing on pelvic ganglion neurons to bladder had a large subliminal fringe, while fibers synapsing on neurons supplying penis (clitoris) had a small subliminal fringe. Recruitment was greater in nerves to bladder and lateral nerve to penis (clitoris) compared to main nerve to penis (clitoris), indicating more synapsing fibers in the former nerves. Almost all hypogastric fibers to bladder were direct. A small subliminal fringe was demonstrated for hypogastric fibers synapsing on neurons supplying penis. No subliminal fringe was evident for the bladder. Pelvic and hypogastric nerve interaction on pelvic ganglion neurons could not be demonstrated with either single shock or tetanic trains of conditioning stimuli. With antidromic stimulation, conduction velocities of afferent fibers in pelvic nerve ranged from 0.15 m per sec to 2.9 m per sec. In hypogastric nerve they ranged from 0.35 m per sec to 2.8 m per sec.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of adenosine on cholinergic transmission in mammalian vesical parasympathetic ganglia.

Intracellular recordings were made from mammalian vesical parasympathetic ganglia. A fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) was abolished by hexamethonium (200 microM) in rabbit and feline ganglia. A slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and a following slow EPSP were abolished by atropine (1 microM) in the feline ganglia. Bath application of adenosine (300 microM) depressed the amplitude of nicotinic fast EPSP by 48 +/- 4% in the rabbit ganglia. The action of adenosine was dose-dependent. An antagonist of A1-purinoceptors, 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (1-10 microM), inhibited the adenosine-induced depression but not the amplitude of fast EPSP. Adenosine (2-3 mM) did not significantly affect either the muscarinic slow IPSP, or the slow EPSP, in the feline ganglia. Adenosine also caused a hyperpolarization (1-5 mV) in 40% of the rabbit neurons and 66% of the feline neurons. However a purinergic IPSP was not recorded from either species. These data suggest diverse actions of adenosine in modulating cholinergic transmission in rabbit and feline vesical ganglia.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1998

Specific targeting of ganglion cell sprouts provides an additional mechanism for restoring peripheral motor circuits in pelvic ganglia after spinal nerve damage.

The pelvic ganglia contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and provide an interesting model in which to study the effects of a distributed spinal nerve lesion. Previous animal studies have suggested that after either lumbar or sacral nerve injury, some functional connections are restored between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. It has been proposed that this is because of intact preganglionic axons sprouting collaterals to supply denervated ganglion cells. However, this has never been demonstrated, and our study has investigated whether the ganglion cells themselves contribute to axogenesis and restoration of peripheral circuitry. We have monitored the growth of axons from pelvic ganglion cells after lumbar or sacral nerve injury (partial decentralization), or a combination of the two (total decentralization). These new processes were distinguished from intact preganglionic terminals by their immunoreactivity for substances present only in pelvic ganglion neurons (vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, and tyrosine hydroxylase). The proportion of pelvic neurons surrounded by these immunostained fibers was then assessed. Complete removal of preganglionic terminals provides the biggest stimulus for growth of new axon processes (sprouts), which grow profusely within just a few days. These arise from each of the main chemical classes of pelvic neurons but grow at different rates and have different distributions. Importantly, some chemical classes of sprouts preferentially supply neurons of dissimilar histochemistry, suggesting the presence of very specific targeting mechanisms rather than random growth. These sprouts are transient, however, those formed after partial decentralization appear to be maintained. Moreover, after lesion of either lumbar or sacral spinal nerves, many sprouts arise from neurons with intact spinal connections and innervate neurons that have lost their preganglionic inputs. This provides a very different alternative mechanism to reestablish communication between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a rapid and selective axogenesis within the pelvic ganglion after spinal nerve injury. This may allow the development of novel strategies by which autonomic nerve pathways can be experimentally manipulated, to facilitate more rapid return of appropriate peripheral reflex control.

Animals↗