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PubMed1998

Insect stings.

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Humans↗
PubMed1963

INSECT STING ANAPHYLAXIS.

Anaphylaxis from insect stings, which is considerably commoner than has been recognized, is a distinct emergency, requiring prompt and energetic treatment. Such reactions require the immediate intramuscular or deep hypodermic injection of 0.5 cc of 1:1000 epinephrine, which may have to be repeated shortly. After the initial critical phase is passed, there may be indication for intramuscular antihistamines and corticosteroids.Persons who have survived insect sting anaphylaxis should be immunized with insect antigens for a minimum period of three years and perhaps indefinitely. The choice between pure venom and extracts of whole insect bodies rests with the physician, although the latter are far more often used.Until immunization has become effective susceptible persons must carry with them at all times a kit containing epinephrine for both injection and aerosol use, and they must be trained by physicians in the proper use of these preparations.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗