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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The role of joint attention in the development of infants' play with objects.

Year-old infants' play was scored within and outside joint attention with mother and when alone for four levels of maturity: stereotypical, inappropriate relational, appropriate relational, functional. Maternal sensitivity within joint attention was rated on two measures: following infants' interests and scaffolding infants' activities. Infants' play was more advanced with mother than when alone. With mother, infants had more functional and appropriate relational play within joint attention and more stereotypical play outside joint attention, indicating more advanced play within joint attention and more immature play outside joint attention. Functional play within joint attention, but not outside joint attention, correlated with functional play when alone. Mothers' ability to scaffold infants' activities within joint attention may be particularly facilitative to infants' advanced play.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Maternal directiveness and infant compliance at one year of age: a comparison between mothers and their developmentally-delayed infants and mothers and their nondelayed infants.

Maternal directiveness and infant compliance at one year of age were observed in social interactions between mothers and their handicapped and nonhandicapped infants. Eleven nondelayed, typically developing infants, and nine developmentally delayed infants, matched for chronological age, were observed in a free play situation with their mothers. Mothers of the delayed infants attempted to direct their children's play significantly more than those with nondelayed infants, and they engaged more frequently in social play involving physical contact with their infants. Nondelayed infants complied with their mothers' directives more than the developmentally delayed infants. Further study of infant capabilities and maternal affect and behaviors with this age group is suggested.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1981

Effects of neurodevelopmental therapy on motor performance of infants with Down's syndrome.

A group of 20 infants with Down's syndrome, aged between two months and 21 months, was tested initially on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales. Four treatment objectives were developed for each individual infant, and they were then randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group were given an individual neurodevelopmental therapy program three times a week in their own homes for a period of nine weeks. When the infants were post-tested on the Bayley and Peabody Scales, no significant difference was found between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in favour of the experimental group in attainment of individual treatment objectives.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

The effect of abdominal incisions on early motor development of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Eighteen very low-birthweight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) underwent periodic neurodevelopmental testing until two years of age. They were grouped according to whether they had had surgical intervention (N = 6) or non-surgical therapy (N = 12). At eight and 15 months corrected age, a significantly greater number of the surgical group exhibited motor delay. At 24 months, only one infant in the surgical group had persistent motor delays. These findings indicate a higher incidence of motor delays in infants requiring surgery for NEC. The delays involved skills influenced by the abdominal musculature. These motor delays persisted up to 24 months, but appeared to resolve with time.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1999

Prenatal diagnosis and management of sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Five fetuses, each with a sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) were delivered at the Royal Women's Hospital while 2 fetuses, each with a SCT were delivered at Monash Medical Centre in 1998. The number of cases reported in this series is higher than expected but it most likely occurred due to chance. The diagnosis was made prenatally in all cases. Three of the SCT were entirely external while the remaining 4 were external with intrapelvic extension. Rapid growth of the SCT occurred in 3 fetuses. This was associated with polyhydramnios in 2 fetuses. No fetus developed nonimmune hydrops. Six infants were liveborn (perinatal mortality rate of 14%), 3 of whom were delivered prior to 37 weeks' gestation. Two infants were delivered by classical Caesarean section. The remaining 4 infants were delivered by lower uterine segment Caesarean section. There was 1 perinatal death. This stillborn infant was delivered vaginally. The 6 surgical resections were performed between the 4th and 10th postnatal days. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign SCT in each. One infant developed a recurrence at 2 months of age and required chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Visual development in infants with prenatal post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess visual function in 13 infants with evidence of prenatal post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. DESIGN: Infants were assessed at 5, 12 and 24 months using a battery of tests specifically designed to assess various aspects of visual function in infancy. Visual findings were correlated with several variables, including extent of the lesion and presence of epilepsy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities of visual function were frequent (over 60%) in our cohort at age 2 years, ranging from isolated abnormal ocular movements to severe abnormalities of all the aspects of visual function assessed. The most severe and persistent abnormalities of visual function were found in infants with grade IV intraventricular haemorrhage and shunted hydrocephalus who also had epilepsy in the first year.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1975

Growth and development of infant M. arctoides fed a standardized diet.

Infant Macaca arctoides were reared under standard conditions. Changes in body weight, body length, head circumference, hematologic status and serum proteins during the first year of life were defined in relation to the ad libitum consumption of a standardized milk diet, and compared to those derived from infant M. mulatta. Both sexes consumed a comparable volume of diet per kilogram body weight, but male M. arctoides infants were significantly larger than females in all body dimensions: this finding was not noted in infant M. mulatta. The body weight and head circumference of infant M. arctoides were greater and their body length was less than that of M. mulatta.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Social development and infant mortality, 1977-1986, Cuba. A regional analysis].

In Cuba, the infant mortality rate (IMR) dropped by 65% between 1970 and 1986. The 1986 IMR - 13.6% - has put the country in the lead in Latin American mother and child health care. However, the behavior of the IMR is not homogeneous throughout the country. This paper seeks to identify by multiple regression techniques, those sociodemographic or health care factors which have determined the decline in the IMR and those variables which best explain the inter-regional differences in this indicator. Sociodemographic factors fundamentally explain the evolution of the IMR in Cuba; on the other hand, although in the first instance the proportion of live births of low weight and the crude birth rate explain the inter-regional differences in IMR levels every year, it can be seen that other socioeconomic variables really lie behind these differences.

Cuba↗
PubMed1999

Extinction of behavior in infant rats: development of functional coupling between septal, hippocampal, and ventral tegmental regions.

Learning of a behavior at a particular age during the postnatal period presumably occurs when the functional brain circuit mediating the behavior matures. The inability to express a learned behavior, such as inhibition, may be accounted for by the functional dissociation of brain regions comprising the circuit. In this study we tested this hypothesis by measuring brain metabolic activity, as revealed by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) autoradiography, during behavioral extinction in 12- and 17-d-old rat pups. Subjects were first trained on a straight alley runway task known as patterned single alternation (PSA), wherein reward and nonreward trials alternate successively. They were then injected with FDG and given 50 trials of continuous nonreward (i.e., extinction). Pups at postnatal day 12 (P12) demonstrated significantly slower extinction rates compared to their P17 counterparts, despite the fact that both reliably demonstrated the PSA effect, i.e., both age groups distinguished between reward and nonreward trials during acquisition. Covariance analysis revealed that the dentate gyrus, hippocampal fields CA1-3, subiculum, and lateral septal area were significantly correlated in P17 but not P12 pups. Significant correlations were also found between the lateral septal area, ventral tegmental area, and the medial septal nucleus in P17 pups. Similar correlative patterns were not found in P12 and P17 handled control animals. Taken together, these results suggest that septal, hippocampal, and mesencephalic regions may be functionally dissociated at P12, and the subsequent maturation of functional connectivity between these regions allows for the more rapid expression of behavioral inhibition during extinction at P17.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Development of infants with disabilities and their families: implications for theory and service delivery.

This Monograph presents the results of a nonexperimental, longitudinal investigation of developmental change in 190 infants and their families after 1 year of early intervention services. The Early Intervention Collaborative Study (EICS), conducted in association with 29 community-based programs in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, was designed to assess correlates of adaptation in young children with disabilities and their families over time, to inform social policy by analyzing the influences of family ecology and formal services on child and family outcomes, and to generate conceptual models to guide further investigation. The study sample (mean age at entry = 10.6 months) includes 54 children with Down syndrome, 77 with motor impairment, and 59 with developmental delays of uncertain etiology. Data were collected during two home visits (within 6 weeks of program entry and 12 months later) and included formal child assessments, observations of mother-child interaction, maternal interviews, and questionnaires completed independently by both parents as well as monthly service data collected from service providers. Child and family functioning varied considerably. Developmental change in the children (psychomotor abilities, adaptive behavior, spontaneous play, and child-mother interaction skills) was influenced to some extent by gestational age and health characteristics, but the strongest predictor of change was the relative severity of the child's psychomotor impairment at study entry. Families demonstrated generally positive and stable adaptation (in terms of the effect of rearing a child with disabilities on the family, parenting stress, and social support), despite persistent challenges with respect to mother-child interaction and differences in reported stress between mothers and fathers. Documentation of services revealed that early intervention is a complex and multidimensional experience that spans multiple public and private systems. Vulnerable and resilient subgroups within the sample were identified, and different correlates of adaptive change were demonstrated. Results of data analyses suggest new perspectives on the study of early childhood disability. The implications of the findings for developmental theory and social policy are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗