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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Note on locus of control and academic achievement in institutionalized juvenile delinquents.

The previously reported relationship between internal locus of control and academic achievement was explored with the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children (Nowicki & Strickland, 1973) and seven measures of academic achievement in a random sample of 45 male residents of seven state learning centers for juvenile delinquents. Correlations between overall locus of control scores and all seven measures were significant, but with intelligence controlled in a partial correlation, locus of control scores were found to add little to the prediction of academic achievement from IQ scores alone. Discussion addressed possible explanations for the current findings in terms of the meaning of the scale for a nonnormal group and the effects of situations on responses of subjects.

Achievement↗
PubMed1987

Organizational control and treatment program design as dimensions of institutionalization in settings for juvenile offenders.

The relationship between organizational control and normalization in treatment program design was examined in 30 community-based settings for juvenile offenders. Although these two dimensions were hypothesized to be converging indicators of the institutionality of a setting, the findings indicated that they are only marginally related. More hierarchical models of decision making were not associated with more depersonalized, isolating programming, and involvement of residents and line staff in decision making did not covary with autonomy and personalization in programming. The results are discussed as evidence that institutionality is a multidimensional construct, and that future investigations must distinguish between organizational decision making and characteristics of treatment program design when assessing the institutional quality of residential service settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Accidents in the institutionalized elderly: injuries and consequences.

A total of 308 major and 519 minor accidents involving 588 patients occurred during one year at a somatic long-term care hospital and its associated nursing homes. In relation to the number of patients, the incidence of accidents was nearly three times higher in the nursing homes than in the hospital. The most prevalent injuries in female patients were fractures and hematomas, while open wounds were more frequent among male patients. Hip fractures were about as common in women as in men, while fractures of the extremities were three times more frequent in women. The majority of the accidents occurred during daytime, in the patient's room and in many cases soon after admission. Most of the injuries were caused by falls and in more than 90% no staff was present. Accidents were reported most frequently in October-December, and least often in July-September. Two thirds of the severely injured had to be transferred to an emergency hospital for surgery or other treatment. Patients who had had major accidents also had a higher mortality rate six months after the accidents as compared to a control group. The medical and functional consequences for the patients were considerable. Measures to reduce the number of accidents among geriatric patients are therefore urgently needed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Blindness influences the growth of institutionalized prepubertal subjects.

To investigate if blindness influences the growth rate of young subjects we measured height and weight of 71 prepubertal blind subjects (33 females and 38 males) aged 7-10 yr, in Tanner stage one puberty, living at the Institute "Martuscelli" for young blind individuals in Naples, Italy. They were divided into two groups: group 1 consisting of 27 subjects (14 females and 13 males) with total blindness; group 2 consisting of 44 subjects (20 females and 24 males) having only a light perception. The distribution in quintiles of their height and weight was compared by X2 test for trend to that of an age-matched large population (7902 subjects: 3808 females and 4094 males) of primary school from the same district. A stature significantly lower than controls was evidenced in both group 1 (p = 0.0006) and in group 2 (p = 0.008). When the comparison is performed taking into account the sex of subjects, the girls of both group 1 (p = 0.0014) and group 2 (p = 0.0004) show a stature significantly lower than female controls, whereas the stature of boys of both groups did not differ from that of male controls. No statistically significant differences in weight distribution were found between controls and either group 1 and group 2. Our results suggest that total or partial blindness could influence negatively the growth of prepubertal subjects; in particular it can cause short stature or growth delay especially in female sex.

Blindness↗
PubMed2002

Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus and falls risk in the institutionalized elderly: sex differences and relationship to vitamin D status.

Very frail older people constitute an increasing proportion of aging populations and are likely to contribute substantially to costs due to osteoporosis. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus is potentially a simple method for assessing fracture risk in frail elderly, but there have been few studies of male/female differences in QUS or its relationship to falls risk or vitamin D status, which is often subnormal in this population. We studied QUS, falls risk and serum 25(OH)-vitamin D in subjects living in institutional aged care facilities (hostels or nursing homes). The study sample comprised 294 men (mean age 81.2 years, range 65-102 years) and 899 women (mean age 86.7 years, range 65-104 years). Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity of sound (VOS) were higher in men than women by approximately 30% and 2% respectively ( p<0.0001) and this difference was maintained at all ages. Serum 25(OH)D levels were higher in men than women ( p<0.001) but vitamin D deficiency was very common in both sexes and serum 25(OH)D was not associated with QUS in either sex. There was no significant decline in BUA or VOS with age in men; however, for women BUA declined by 2.8-4.7% per decade and VOS by 1% per decade (both p<0.001). Mean BUA T-scores were -1.55 and -2.48 at age 90 years in men and women. Quadriceps strength and weight but not serum 25(OH)D were significantly associated with BUA. These data suggest only minor loss occurs at the calcaneal site in BUA and VOS with very old age in either sex.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1986

Valvular heart disease (aortic regurgitation and mitral valve prolapse) among institutionalized adults with Down's syndrome.

Congenital heart disease has long been recognized in children with Down's syndrome, but little is known about the manifestations of clinical heart disease in adults with this condition. Therefore, 131 adults with Down's syndrome were examined. Clinical heart disease was considered to be present when an abnormally split S2, systolic click, at least grade 3/6 systolic precordial murmur, or any diastolic precordial murmur was heard. Using these criteria, 38 patients had clinical heart disease and 93 did not. To confirm and evaluate the auscultatory findings, echocardiograms were recorded in 37 of the patients. Comparison between patients without clinical heart disease and those with clinical heart disease showed that neither age (39 +/- 11 vs 40 +/- 12 years, respectively) nor gender (60% vs 66% men, respectively) differed significantly. Eleven had clinical and echocardiographic findings consistent with atrial or ventricular septal defect. Findings consistent with aortic regurgitation were identified in 8, and 18 had mitral valve prolapse. These results suggest that in addition to atrial and ventricular septal defect (which have a well recognized association with Down's syndrome), 2 specific, usually asymptomatic, and heretofore unanticipated valvular cardiac abnormalities may be associated with Down's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Protective efficacy of a recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid hepatitis B vaccine in institutionalized mentally handicapped clients.

Mentally handicapped clients in institutions are at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In 1985, 770 mentally handicapped residents from four institutions in the Antwerp area were screened for HBV markers. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was 10.3 percent (range, 6.1 to 15.2 percent); 42.3 percent (range, 11.5 to 60.1 percent) had antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen and the hepatitis B core antigen. In 1986, 275 seronegative mentally handicapped residents were vaccinated intramuscularly in the deltoid region with 20 micrograms (1.0 ml) of a recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B, SmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) on a zero-, one-, six-month schedule. Serum samples were collected at Months 1, 2, 7, 12, and 24 and were tested for HBV markers by radioimmunoassay. The seroconversion rates for hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies were 39 percent at Month 1 (geometric mean concentration, 6.4 IU/liter), 82 percent at Month 2 (geometric mean concentration, 23.4 IU/liter), 97 percent at Month 7 (geometric mean concentration, 1,034 IU/liter), and 96 percent at Month 12 (geometric mean concentration, 269 IU/liter). Among the 214 residents evaluated at Month 12, 69 percent had hepatitis B surface antigen antibody levels greater than 100 IU/liter (geometric mean concentration, 603 IU/liter). No significant adverse reactions were observed. Within the first seven months of observation, HBV infection was detected in eight of 271 subjects (estimated annual incidence of 5 percent). During this period, none of the clients developed clinical hepatitis or showed biochemical evidence of liver damage. Between eight and 24 months, no additional HBV infections were detected. These data can be compared with an annual incidence of HBV infection of 8.7 percent in a historical cohort of mentally handicapped residents in one of the four institutions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The treatment of nocturnal enuresis in institutionalized retarded adults.

This study employed a procedure for nocturnal enuresis with seven adult female residents of a state institutional ward for the retarded. The procedure included: positive reinforcement for remaining continent for gradually lengthened time periods; nightly awakenings at the beginning of their wetting periods, and a restriction of fluids before bedtime. There was a reduction for all residents in the monthly mean wetting frequency, from a baseline average of 6.6 to 0 by the end of treatment. All residents became accident-free after 12 months of treatment and had no relapse in a 1 yr follow-up. In a 4 yr follow-up, the four residents remaining in the institution were still accident-free. While the procedure required a comparatively long period, it had the advantages of low cost, and a low relapse rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dental management considerations for institutionalized geriatric patients.

The elderly in general and the residents of nursing home facilities in particular are increasingly frail, old, and dentate. Dentists should be prepared to manage the oral health needs of elderly clients who are afflicted with complex medical, functional, and dental disabilities. Proper dental management requires a commitment to provide treatment of quality despite myriad obstacles. From the outset of evaluation, there must be recognition of the likelihood of compromised self-care and the development of proactive strategies to address dependence in oral care.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Development and persistence of antibody in a high risk institutionalized population given plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine.

Three hundred and twenty-two (322) persons with severe mental handicaps were given plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (20 micrograms dose at 0, 1 and 6 months). Following the third injection, 95% of the vaccinees were positive for anti-HBs, while 92% achieved a protective level of antibody (greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml-1) with a geometric mean titre of 2568 mIU ml-1. Females responded better than males. Antibody responses declined with increasing age in both sexes, but they were not significantly influenced by body weight. Persistence of antibody in responders was followed over 4 years. The proportion of responders maintaining greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml-1 was a function of initial antibody titre but was not significantly affected by sex, age or body weight. Overall, 76% of the responders are estimated to have greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml-1 of anti-HBs 4 years after the first injection of vaccine.

Adolescent↗