PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Integrated functions”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Mandibular ceramic veneers: an examination of diverse cases integrating form, function, and aesthetics.

Mandibular anterior ceramic veneers, though used less frequently than maxillary anterior ceramic veneers, are highly useful for certain case conditions. The learning objective of this article is to explore the indications, tooth preparation design, provisionalization considerations, and placement procedures for these conservative aesthetic restorations. In addition, their functional utility, tissue biocompatibility, and variances from maxillary anterior ceramic veneers are discussed by means of several different case reports.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1993

[Trans-activating function of integrated hepatitis B virus].

HBV DNAs are often found in integrated form in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since transactivation of the X gene has been shown, surveys of collections of HBV integrants with flanking cellular sequence were performed to clarify whether they might exhibit a transactivation. The majority of integrants showed transactivation effect which may to be due to the virus-cell fusion products derived from the 3' truncated X gene. Additionally, it has been found that 3' truncated preS2/S gene in the integrant encodes a transactivator to which C terminal truncation is essential. These results suggest that the transactivating effect of integrated HBV DNAs plays a role in hepatocarcinogenesis by activating cellular genes.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1998

The new paradigm: integrating genomic function and nuclear architecture.

A new view of the cell nucleus is emerging based on the functional dynamics of nuclear architecture. The striking structural preservation of a variety of genomic processes on the nuclear matrix provides an important approach for correlating nuclear form and function. In situ labeling coupled with three-dimensional microscopy and computer imaging techniques shows that DNA replication and transcription sites are organized into higher-order units, or "zones," in the cell nucleus. The dynamic interplay and "re-zoning" of replication and transcription regions during the cell cycle may form the structural basis for the elaborate global coordination of replicational and transcriptional programs in the mammalian cell.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Moloney murine leukemia virus integrase protein augments viral DNA synthesis in infected cells.

Mutations in the IN domain of retroviral DNA may affect multiple steps of the virus life cycle, suggesting that the IN protein may have other functions in addition to its integration function. We previously reported that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 IN protein is required for efficient viral DNA synthesis and that this function requires specific interaction with other viral components but not enzyme (integration) activity. In this report, we characterized the structure and function of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) IN protein in viral DNA synthesis. Using an MLV vector containing green fluorescent protein as a sensitive reporter for virus infection, we found that mutations in either the catalytic triad (D184A) or the HHCC motif (H61A) reduced infectivity by approximately 1,000-fold. Mutations that deleted the entire IN (DeltaIN) or 34 C-terminal amino acid residues (Delta34) were more severely defective, with infectivity levels consistently reduced by 10,000-fold. Immunoblot analysis indicated that these mutants were similar to wild-type MLV with respect to virion production and proteolytic processing of the Gag and Pol precursor proteins. Using semiquantitative PCR to analyze viral cDNA synthesis in infected cells, we found the Delta34 and DeltaIN mutants to be markedly impaired while the D184A and H61A mutants synthesized cDNA at levels similar to the wild type. The DNA synthesis defect was rescued by complementing the Delta34 and DeltaIN mutants in trans with either wild-type IN or the D184A mutant IN, provided as a Gag-IN fusion protein. However, the DNA synthesis defect of DeltaIN mutant virions could not be complemented with the Delta34 IN mutant. Taken together, these analyses strongly suggested that the MLV IN protein itself is required for efficient viral DNA synthesis and that this function may be conserved among other retroviruses.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutrition and endothelial cell integrity: implications in atherosclerosis.

Loss of functional integrity of the vascular endothelium may be one of the initiating events in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells interact with blood components and the abluminal tissues, thus playing an active role in many aspects of vascular functions, such as permeability and vessel tone regulation. Endothelial cells constantly are exposed to nutrients which can modulate enzymes, receptors, transport molecules and various vasoactive mediators, resulting in significant functional changes of the endothelium and the underlying tissues. Nutrition may play an important role in the atherosclerotic disease process. There is evidence that certain vitamins and minerals prevent some metabolic and physiological perturbations of the vascular endothelium. This review focuses on selected lipids which cause endothelial cell injury or dysfunction and on nutrients which may exhibit antiatherogenic properties by being able to function as antioxidants or membrane stabilizers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescent probes and flow cytometry to assess rat sperm integrity and mitochondrial function.

Fluorescent assessment of cellular integrity and mitochondrial function by flow cytometry can provide a rapid and precise means of determining the functional status of large numbers of spermatozoa. In the present study, rat sperm viability was assessed with SYBR-14 and PI and sperm mitochondria were differentially labeled with JC-1. Sperm samples of variable viability were prepared using varying proportions of fresh and frozen spermatozoa. SYBR-14 stained sperm correlated well with expected sperm viability (r = 0.98). Motile sperm stained with JC-1 appeared orange in the midpiece indicating a high mitochondrial membrane potential whereas immotile sperm with a low membrane potential stained green. The percentage of spermatozoa staining orange was highly correlated (r = 0.99) with expected sperm viability. Flow cytometry using specific fluorescent probes is a useful technique for detecting changes in rat sperm plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial function in large numbers of spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Which is the best test to evaluate the integrity of sperm plasma membrane?

The functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane of 87 semen samples collected from fertile and infertile men was assessed by the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOS). The results were correlated with sperm motility and supravital stains using trypan blue and eosin Y. These data indicate that sperm swelling and staining methods evaluate different properties of spermatozoa. Moreover the present report shows that staining percentages with trypan blue are significantly lower than with eosin Y.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed2002

Fracture of disordered solids in compression as a critical phenomenon. III. Analysis of the localization transition.

The properties of the Hamiltonian developed in Paper II are studied showing that at a particular strain level a "localization" phase transition occurs characterized by the emergence of conjugate bands of coherently oriented cracks. The functional integration that yields the partition function is then performed analytically using an approximation that employs only a subset of states in the functional neighborhood surrounding the most probable states. Such integration establishes the free energy of the system, and upon taking the derivatives of the free energy, the localization transition is shown to be continuous and to be distinct from peak stress. When the bulk modulus of the grain material is large, localization always occurs in the softening regime following peak stress, while for sufficiently small bulk moduli and at sufficiently low confining pressure, the localization occurs in the hardening regime prior to peak stress. In the approach to localization, the stress-strain relation for the whole rock remains analytic, as is observed both in experimental data and in simpler models. The correlation function of the crack fields is also obtained. It has a correlation length characterizing the aspect ratio of the crack clusters that diverges as xi approximately ( epsilon (c)- epsilon )(-2) at localization.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Loss and acquisition of duck hepatitis B virus integrations in lineages of LMH-D2 chicken hepatoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the culmination of a series of genetic events which progressively alter the phenotype of a hepatocyte toward malignancy. Hepadnaviral DNA integrations are agents of genetic change which can promote the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. We previously characterized episomally derived duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) integrations in LMH-D2 cells that replicate wild-type DHBV. In an effort to understand how integrations function as agents of progressive genetic change, we have studied integrations of DHBV DNA in three lineages of LMH-D2 cells through three generations of subclones. Our data have established several features of the integration process. First, single and multiple integrations occur continuously through successive cell generations. Second, the integration frequency can vary dramatically in subclones of the same cell line. Third, integrations can be lost from successive generations of cells and loss of an integration can be accompanied by loss of cellular DNA associated with the integration. Finally, certain subclones which acquire greater plating efficiency have been distinguished by unique new integration patterns. These results provide a basis for DHBV integrations to function as activators of protooncogenes, as well as agents of the loss of tumor suppressor genes during hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Functional test for the hemiparetic upper extremity.

A test, called the Functional Test, that evaluates the integrated function of the total upper extremity of an adult hemiparetic patient has been developed. It was used with 82 patients admitted to Rancho Los Amigos Hospital for stroke rehabilitation, together with a battery of six objective test measures. Sequential testing by two examiners demonstrated that the test had interrater reliability. The Functional Test score accounted for 87 percent of the variation in the scores achieved by the patients on the six separate objective measures. This tool integrates the information from these objective assessments and appears to be a valid measure of functional use of the hemiparetic upper extremity. The test can be administered in approximately 30 minutes, can be used in different treatment settings, and provides an accurate and immediate assessment of upper extremity capabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Trade-offs in thermal adaptation: the need for a molecular to ecological integration.

Through functional analyses, integrative physiology is able to link molecular biology with ecology as well as evolutionary biology and is thereby expected to provide access to the evolution of molecular, cellular, and organismic functions; the genetic basis of adaptability; and the shaping of ecological patterns. This paper compiles several exemplary studies of thermal physiology and ecology, carried out at various levels of biological organization from single genes (proteins) to ecosystems. In each of those examples, trade-offs and constraints in thermal adaptation are addressed; these trade-offs and constraints may limit species' distribution and define their level of fitness. For a more comprehensive understanding, the paper sets out to elaborate the functional and conceptual connections among these independent studies and the various organizational levels addressed. This effort illustrates the need for an overarching concept of thermal adaptation that encompasses molecular, organellar, cellular, and whole-organism information as well as the mechanistic links between fitness, ecological success, and organismal physiology. For this data, the hypothesis of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance in animals provides such a conceptual framework and allows interpreting the mechanisms of thermal limitation of animals as relevant at the ecological level. While, ideally, evolutionary studies over multiple generations, illustrated by an example study in bacteria, are necessary to test the validity of such complex concepts and underlying hypotheses, animal physiology frequently is constrained to functional studies within one generation. Comparisons of populations in a latitudinal cline, closely related species from different climates, and ontogenetic stages from riverine clines illustrate how evolutionary information can still be gained. An understanding of temperature-dependent shifts in energy turnover, associated with adjustments in aerobic scope and performance, will result. This understanding builds on a mechanistic analysis of the width and location of thermal windows on the temperature scale and also on study of the functional properties of relevant proteins and associated gene expression mechanisms.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2022

Improving risk indexes for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias for use in midlife.

Knowledge of a person's risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) is required to triage candidates for preventive interventions, surveillance, and treatment trials. ADRD risk indexes exist for this purpose, but each includes only a subset of known risk factors. Information missing from published indexes could improve risk prediction. In the Dunedin Study of a population-representative New Zealand-based birth cohort followed to midlife (N = 938, 49.5% female), we compared associations of four leading risk indexes with midlife antecedents of ADRD against a novel benchmark index comprised of nearly all known ADRD risk factors, the Dunedin ADRD Risk Benchmark (DunedinARB). Existing indexes included the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia index (CAIDE), LIfestyle for BRAin health index (LIBRA), Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI), and risks selected by the Lancet Commission on Dementia. The Dunedin benchmark was comprised of 48 separate indicators of risk organized into 10 conceptually distinct risk domains. Midlife antecedents of ADRD treated as outcome measures included age-45 measures of brain structural integrity [magnetic resonance imaging-assessed: (i) machine-learning-algorithm-estimated brain age, (ii) log-transformed volume of white matter hyperintensities, and (iii) mean grey matter volume of the hippocampus] and measures of brain functional integrity [(i) objective cognitive function assessed via the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, (ii) subjective problems in everyday cognitive function, and (iii) objective cognitive decline measured as residualized change in cognitive scores from childhood to midlife on matched Weschler Intelligence scales]. All indexes were quantitatively distributed and proved informative about midlife antecedents of ADRD, including algorithm-estimated brain age (β's from 0.16 to 0.22), white matter hyperintensities volume (β's from 0.16 to 0.19), hippocampal volume (β's from -0.08 to -0.11), tested cognitive deficits (β's from -0.36 to -0.49), everyday cognitive problems (β's from 0.14 to 0.38), and longitudinal cognitive decline (β's from -0.18 to -0.26). Existing indexes compared favourably to the comprehensive benchmark in their association with the brain structural integrity measures but were outperformed in their association with the functional integrity measures, particularly subjective cognitive problems and tested cognitive decline. Results indicated that existing indexes could be improved with targeted additions, particularly of measures assessing socioeconomic status, physical and sensory function, epigenetic aging, and subjective overall health. Existing premorbid ADRD risk indexes perform well in identifying linear gradients of risk among members of the general population at midlife, even when they include only a small subset of potential risk factors. They could be improved, however, with targeted additions to more holistically capture the different facets of risk for this multiply determined, age-related disease.

Alzheimer’s disease↗