PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “MICROCOCCAL INFECTIONS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Protein composition of adenovirus nucleoprotein complexes extracted from infected cells.

A viral nucleoprotein complex was extracted from the nuclei of human cells 20 hr after infection with adenovirus type 2 or several of its temperature-sensitive mutants. In its sedimentation property, density in CsCl, and digestion pattern with micrococcal nuclease, the complex resembled viral cores. The polypeptides V, PVII, 11K, and 36K were found associated with this complex which is formed prior to or in the absence of virus assembly. The results suggest that this nucleoprotein complex is a direct precursor to virus assembly.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of three methods for the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures.

A total of 445 blood cultures containing Gram-positive cocci in clusters were tested for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus with the Accuprobe, heat-stable thermonuclease, and latex agglutination using Staphaurex. The results show that the Accuprobe, thermonuclease, and Staphaurex correctly identified 95, 96, and 62 of the 100 specimens containing S. aureus. The corresponding specificity for the methods was 99.1%, 100%, and 98.5%, respectively.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a triplex PCR assay to discriminate Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative Staphylococci and determine methicillin resistance from blood cultures.

A triplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA, mecA, and nuc genes was developed for identification of staphylococci and detection of methicillin resistance. After validation of the assay with a collection of strains of staphylococci and enterococci (n = 169), the assay was evaluated with cultures of blood with gram-positive cocci from 40 patients. Accurate results were obtained for 59 (98%) of 61 cultures within 6 h of growth detection.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1991

In vitro mRNA degradation system to study the virion host shutoff function of herpes simplex virus.

The virion host shutoff (vhs) gene of herpes simplex virus encodes a virion polypeptide that induces degradation of host mRNAs at early times and rapid turnover of viral mRNAs throughout infection. To better investigate the vhs function, an in vitro mRNA degradation system was developed, consisting of cytoplasmic extracts from HeLa cells infected with wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 or a mutant encoding a defective vhs polypeptide. Host and viral mRNAs were degraded rapidly in extracts from cells productively infected with wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 but not in extracts from mock-infected cells or cells infected with the mutant vhs1. In contrast, 28S rRNA was stable in all three kinds of extract. Accelerated turnover of host mRNAs was also observed in extracts from cells infected with wild-type virus in the presence of dactinomycin, indicating that the activity was induced by a structural component of the infecting virions. The in vitro vhs activity was inactivated by heat or proteinase K digestion but was insensitive to brief treatment of the extracts with micrococcal nuclease. It was not inhibited by placental RNase inhibitor, it exhibited a strong dependence upon added Mg2+, it was active at concentrations of K+ up to 200 mM, and it did not require the components of an energy-generating system. In summary, the in vitro mRNA degradation system appears to accurately reproduce the vhs-mediated decay of host and viral mRNAs and should be useful for studies of the mechanism of vhs action.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Complete replication in vitro of tobacco mosaic virus RNA by a template-dependent, membrane-bound RNA polymerase.

A crude membrane-bound RNA polymerase, obtained by differential centrifugation of extracts of tomato leaves infected with tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (tomato strain L) TMV-L), was purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Removal of the endogenous RNA template with micrococcal nuclease rendered the polymerase template dependent and template specific. The polymerase was primer independent and able to initiate RNA synthesis on templates containing the 3'-terminal sequences of the TMV-L positive or negative strands. TMV-vulgare RNA was a less efficient template, while RNAs of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus and red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus, or 5'-terminal sequences of TMV-L positive or negative strands, did not act as templates for the polymerase. A main product of the reaction with TMV-L genomic RNA as a template, carried out in the presence of [alpha-32P]UTP, was genomic-length single-stranded RNA. This was shown to be the positive strand and uniformly labelled along its length, demonstrating complete replication of TMV-L RNA. Genomic-length double-stranded RNA, labelled in both strands, and small amounts of RNAs corresponding to the single- and double-stranded forms of the coat protein subgenomic mRNA were also formed. Antibodies to N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the 126-kDa protein detected the 126-kDa protein and the 183-kDa readthrough protein in purified RNA polymerase preparations, whereas antibodies to the readthrough portion of the 183-kDa protein detected only the 183-kDa protein. All three antibodies inhibited the template-dependent RNA polymerase, but none of them had any effect on the template-bound enzyme.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of putative RNase P RNA from orthopoxviruses.

A putative RNase P RNA gene in camelpox virus, one of the orthopoxviruses, was cloned and transcribed in vitro. No RNase P activity could be detected in vitro from camelpox virus RNase P RNA alone, or by addition of the Escherichia coli RNase P protein subunit to reaction mixtures. Camelpox virus RNase P RNA reconstituted in vitro with camel or HeLa cell extracts, which were pre-treated with micrococcal nuclease to degrade the endogenous RNase P RNA, showed no RNase P activity. Vaccinia virus, another orthopoxvirus, showed no RNase P activity in vaccinia-infected HeLa cells, even though transcription of the vaccinia RNase P RNA could be identified in the cells by both Northern blot and RNase protection assay. Camelpox virus RNase P RNA inhibited an endogenous HeLa RNase P activity by 20% in our assays. The 5S RNA showed no significant inhibition in this assay.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A PCR method for the identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from screening swabs.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the discriminatory power and potential turn around time (TAT) of a PCR-based method for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from screening swabs. METHODS: Screening swabs were examined using the current laboratory protocol of direct culture on mannitol salt agar supplemented with oxacillin (MSAO-direct). The PCR method involved pre-incubation in broth for 4 hours followed by a multiplex PCR with primers directed to mecA and nuc genes of MRSA. The reference standard was determined by pre-incubation in broth for 4 hours followed by culture on MSAO (MSAO-broth). RESULTS: A total of 256 swabs was analysed. The rates of detection of MRSA using MSAO-direct, MSAO-broth and PCR were 10.2, 13.3 and 10.2%, respectively. For PCR, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 66.7% (95%CI 51.9-83.3%), 98.6% (95%CI 97.1-100%), 84.6% (95%CI 76.2-100%) and 95.2% (95%CI 92.4-98.0%), respectively, and these results were almost identical to those obtained from MSAO-direct. The agreement between MSAO-direct and PCR was 61.5% (95%CI 42.8-80.2%) for positive results, 95.6% (95%CI 93.0-98.2%) for negative results and overall was 92.2% (95%CI 88.9-95.5%). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The discriminatory power of PCR and MSAO-direct is similar but the level of agreement, especially for true positive results, is low. (2) The potential TAT for the PCR method provides a marked advantage over conventional methods. (3) Further modifications to the PCR method such as increased broth incubation time, use of selective broth and adaptation to real-time PCR may lead to improvement in sensitivity and TAT.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Characteristics of a coupled cell-free transcription and translation system directed by vaccinia cores.

1. A coupled transcription and translation system is described in which protein synthesis is directed by mRNA synthesised in situ by vaccinia virus cores. The cell-free system is based on a micrococcal-nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate. 2. The polypeptides made in vitro include many authentic early vaccinia proteins, but also other proteins which were not detected in infected cells. 3. Concentrations of cores which inhibit host cell protein synthesis in vivo caused a delayed inhibition of translation in vitro; this was partly, but not entirely, due to dsRNA associated with the cores. 4. The mRNA made was methylated by core enzymes. Inhibition of methylation reduced the rate of translation tenfold; unmethylated RNA bound ribosomes poorly, but was nevertheless translated faithfully.

Animals↗