Sports-related dental injuries and sports dentistry.
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “MOUTH PROTECTORS”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Diver's mouth syndrome: a report of two cases and construction of custom-made regulator mouthpieces.
Scuba diving is becoming more and more popular and dentists are increasingly likely to encounter patients with diving-related problems. Protruded mandibular positions and the biting forces exercised on the anterior occlusion during diving can cause pain and dysfunction, particularly where a predisposing factor such as bruxism exists. In this article, two cases are reported of patients with diving-exacerbated pain dysfunction syndrome, which improved following the construction of custom-made mouthpieces which distributed the forces more evenly. Laboratory procedures are described for construction of a custom-made scuba regulator mouthpiece that allows more comfortable diving.
Adult↗
Comparisons of oral devices for snoring.
A study was performed on 19 types of oral appliances for snoring/obstructive sleep apnea. The appliances were categorized into two groups, mandibular advancers and tongue advancers. A set of limited criteria was developed by which an appliance could be evaluated, and the criteria were weighted. Evaluations were then performed on the appliances, and they were rated according to satisfaction of criteria. The rating table should help a dentist in selecting an appliance that will be accepted by the patient and effective in treating snoring/obstructive sleep apnea.
Humans↗
Growth in youth sports suggests need of sports dentistry knowledge.
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Adolescent↗
Techniques for mouthguard fabrication.
The use and efficacy of mouthguards for the prevention of traumatic athletic injuries to the teeth and oral soft tissues as well as in the prevention of concussions should indicate to the athletic community the importance of this piece of protective equipment. By comparison to other athletic equipment, mouthguards are quite inexpensive. The underlying theme is to emphasize that for maximum comfort and protection, every athlete should possess a properly fitted mouthguard fabricated exclusively for the individual by a dentist. The materials and standard techniques used for the fabrication of stock, mouth-formed, and custom-made protectors are described. The characteristics that an ideal mouthguard should possess suggest that custom-formed mouthguards are superior in quality to either the stock or mouth-formed types, although the custom-formed types are more expensive and require the services of a dentist. The development of new dental materials has provided dentists with the opportunity to explore new techniques for the fabrication of custom-made mouthguards. New techniques for photopolymerized urethane diacrylate lipguards and mouthguards have been developed as have adaptations for those athletes who wear fixed orthodontic appliances and those who are partially edentulous. Proper cleaning and storage of all types of mouthguards can prolong the length of service of these protective appliances.
Equipment Design↗
Three-year report on caries prevention of using fluoride varnishes for caries risk children in a community with fluoridated water.
The benefit of semiannual application of the sodium fluoride varnish Duraphat and the silane fluoride varnish Fluor Protection was studied in 11--13-year-old children with high caries activity and life-long exposure to fluoridated drinking water (1--1.2 parts/10(6)). Annual clinical and radiographic examinations were made of 62 children in the Duraphat group and 70 children in the Fluor Protector group. Fluoride varnish was applied semiannually using the half-mouth technique. After 3 years, for the Duraphat group mean total DMFS increments on the control side were 6.2 and on the test side 4.3 (P less than 0.001); for the Fluor Protector group the DMFS increments were 4.9 and 4.4, respectively (NS). The caries reductions were 30% and 11%. Since there were no differences between initial mean DMFS scores of the groups, it is possible that the increment in the Fluor Protector control side compared to the Duraphat control side was due to fluoride ions from Fluor Protector crossing the midline and providing protection on the control side as well. Therefore, we conclude that Duraphat proved effective, but definite conclusion of the effect of Fluor Protector cannot be made. Children with the highest DMFS increment on the control side (Duraphat) gained most from the applications.
Adolescent↗
A 2-year report on caries prevention by fluoride varnishes in a community with fluoridated water.
The benefit of semi-annual applications of sodium fluoride varnish (Duraphat) and silane fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector) was studied in 11-13 year-old children with life-long exposure to fluoridated drinking water (1-1.2 parts/10(6)). Annual clinical and radiographic examinations were made on 67 children in the Duraphat group and 71 children in the Fluor Protector group. Fluoride varnish was applied semi-annually using the half-mouth technique. At the end of 2 years, the mean overall DMFS-increments on the control side and test side of the Duraphat group were 5.0 and 3.8 (p less than 0.01), respectively, and of the Fluor Protector group 3.7 and 3.3 (NS). The caries reductions were 24% and 12%, respectively. Since there were no differences between initial mean DMFS scores of the groups, it was assumed that lower increments in the Fluor Protector group were due to Fluoride ions crossing the midline and providing protection on the control side as well. When increments in the Duraphat control side and the Fluor Protector test side were compared, the caries reduction of Fluor Protector was 35% (p less than 0.01). Fluoride varnishes provide additional benefit even when fluoride intake from drinking water is optimal.
Adolescent↗
[In vivo retention of KOH soluble and firmly bound fluoride in demineralized dental enamel].
Cylindrical enamel blocks with initial carious lesions were treated for one hour with Duraphat or Fluor-Protector. After removal of the fluoride varnishes the enamel blocks were kept in the mouths of 3 probands for 5 days. Plaque was allowed to accumulate on half of the enamel cylinders, while the other half was kept clean. Part of the enamel cylinders were retained as fluoridated controls. Compared with Duraphat the application of Fluor-Protector resulted in a significantly higher uptake of KOH soluble and firmly bound fluoride. During the 5 days of the experiment the amount of KOH soluble fluorides decreased in both groups. In the presence of plaque the fluoride loss was higher. The amount of firmly bound fluoride increased both in the plaque covered and in the clean enamel. The durable cariostatic effect of fluoridated varnishes seems to be due to the slow dissolution of Ca F2-like precipitates on the enamel surface and the concomitant fluoride uptake in the underlying demineralized enamel.
Dental Caries↗
Desensitizing effects of an Er:YAG laser on hypersensitive dentine.
AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the desensitizing effects of an Er:YAG laser (KEY II(R), KaVo, Germany) and Dentin Protector (Vivadent, Germany) on cervically exposed hypersensitive dentine. METHOD: A group of 30 patients showing a total of 104 contralateral pairs of hypersensitive and caries-free teeth was selected and randomly allocated in a split-mouth design to either (1) Er:YAG laser (80 mJ/pulse, 3 Hz), or (2) the application of Dentin Protector (polyurethane-isocyanate 22.5%; methylenechloride 77.5%) whereat one pair served as an untreated control in each patient. The degree of sensitivity to a thermal stimulus was determined qualitatively with an evaporative stimulus defined as a 3-s air blast at a distance of 2 mm from each site to be tested. A qualitative registration of the degree of discomfort was determined according to an arbitrary pain scale in 4 degrees. Recordings were assessed before treatment, immediately after, 1 week, 2 and 6 months after treatment by 1 blinded examiner. RESULTS: Both treatment forms resulted in significant improvements of discomfort immediately after and 1 week post treatment. After 2 months, the discomfort in the Dentin Protector(R) group increased up to 65% of the baseline score and even up to 90% after 6 months, whereas the effect of the laser remained at the same level that was achieved immediately after treatment. The differences immediately after, 1 week, 2 and 6 months post treatment between both groups were statistically high significant (p< or =0.001; respectively). Compared to the untreated control group, both treatment forms resulted in a significant reduction of discomfort at each follow-up examination. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that desensitizing of hypersensitive dentine with an Er:YAG laser is effective and the maintenance of the positive result was more prolonged than with Dentin Protector.
Adult↗
The use of 'Fluor Protector', a fluoride varnish, as a caries prevention method under orthodontic molar bands.
The aim of this study was to determine whether Fluor Protector, a fluoride varnish, applied to molars before orthodontic banding could prevent white spot formation. In the in vitro study 93 human premolars were used, divided in five different groups, representing different clinical situations. Each tooth was sliced in half, one as a control and the other as a test specimen. All tooth halves were stored in a demineralizing solution, in an attempt to induce white spot formation. In the in vivo study 104 molars (52 controls and 52 tests) of 28 orthodontic patients were involved. The 'split-mouth technique' was used. After evaluation of the results of both studies, it is evident that Fluor Protector is very effective in the prevention of white spot formation under molar bands.
Dental Caries↗
A protector for palatal donor sites after gingival grafting.
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Acrylic Resins↗
Fluoride concentration in plaque in adolescents after topical application of different fluoride varnishes.
The aim of the study was to measure the fluoride (F) concentration in plaque after a single topical application of different fluoride varnishes with contrasting levels of F. Thirty adolescents (12-17 years) with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Bifluoride (6% F), Duraphat (2.23% F) and Fluor Protector (0.1% F). The varnishes were applied after professional cleaning in one upper quadrant, leaving the opposite quadrant untreated according to the split-mouth technique. Pooled plaque samples from each quadrant were collected at baseline and 3 days, 7 days and 30 days after the varnish treatment, and fluoride was analysed by microdiffusion. All fluoride varnishes increased the fluoride concentration in plaque compared with baseline, and the mean values varied between 23 and 138 ng F/mg after 3 days, depending on varnish F concentration. Compared with the control quadrant, statistically significant elevations were recorded for Bifluoride after 3 days and 7 days and Duraphat after 3 days, while no significant differences were revealed in the Fluor Protector group. The fluoride concentration in plaque was back to baseline levels for all participants in the Duraphat group after 7 days, while some individuals in the Bifluoride and Fluor Protector groups still registered slightly increased levels after 30 days. The results suggest that fluoride varnish treatments resulted in elevated fluoride levels in plaque adjacent to fixed orthodontic appliances for a period of up to 1 week, although different patterns was disclosed for the various brands.
Adolescent↗
Translaryngeal guided intubation for difficult intubation.
Airway obstruction remains a constant problem in acute care. This is particularly true when there are anatomical or pathological abnormalities, trauma, or when repeated failed attempts at endoscopic or blind intubations have left a bloody field, preventing clear visualization of the vocal cords. Our refinement of translaryngeal guided intubation (TLI) uses a spring guidewire accompanied by a plastic sheath protector. The wire is introduced percutaneously via a cricothyroid puncture and passed cephalad into the oropharynx or nasopharynx and out through the mouth or one of the nostrils. The plastic sheath is slid over the wire into the trachea. A well-lubricated endotracheal tube is then inserted to the desired position using the plastic sheath as a stylet. This technique works very well, and we are convinced that TLI is one of the most effective emergency techniques to secure an airway. It can be performed quickly with inexpensive equipment and is a promising addition to the currently recommended alternatives.
Airway Obstruction↗
Bicycle riding and oral/maxillofacial trauma in young children.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of oral/maxillofacial injuries in children who have had a bicycle incident and to relate this to the wearing of a protective helmet. DESIGN: Part of a larger prospective study in which self-administered questionnaires were completed by each child with bicycle-related injuries and their parents or caregivers. SETTING: Two tertiary-referral children's hospitals (between 1 April 1991 and 30 June 1992) and three general hospitals (between 1 August 1991 and 30 June 1992) in Brisbane. PARTICIPANTS: 813 children aged under 15 years who presented to the accident and emergency departments with bicycle-related injuries. RESULTS: There were 321 children (39.5%) who sustained oral/maxillofacial injuries. Of 1355 injuries, 340 (25.1%) were to the facial region. Of the 153 children admitted to hospital for bicycle-related injuries, 94 (61.4%) had oral/maxillofacial injury as the primary reason for admission (including those with a reduced level of consciousness). Of the 66 children with a reduced level of consciousness, 53 had concomitant facial injuries. The most common oral/maxillofacial injuries were facial abrasions, cuts and lacerations (50.3%); soft tissue injuries to the mouth (30.9%); and dentoalveolar trauma (9.7%). Over half of these children were wearing bicycle helmets. Of the 15 facial fractures (mandibular, nasal, and zygomatico-orbital), 10 were in children wearing helmets. CONCLUSIONS: Oral/maxillofacial injuries are frequent among child bicycle riders, even for those who wear Australian Standards-approved bicycle helmets. Bicycle helmets need design modifications (e.g., lightweight chin protectors) to more adequately protect the face and jaw.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of a fluoride-containing varnish in children with low caries incidence.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of four applications during 2 years of the fluoride-containing varnish, Fluor Protector. The final series examined during the 2-year follow-up period comprised 76 girls and 87 boys, whose average age at the onset of the experiment was 12.8 +/- 0.6 years. The test was carried out as a blind study, using a half-month technique. The fluoride content of the surface enamel was measured in 40 children. The results obtained by the conventional fluoride electrode technique were compared with those obtained by the sensitive physical technique based on proton beam bombarding using bovine primary teeth. The teeth were cut longitudinally into two halves; one half was treated with Fluor Protector and the other half served as a control. Clinical examinations of the children showed that the number of carious lesions requiring active treatment was low on both the control and experimental side of the mouth. Varnish treatment did not reduce caries in these children. The fluoride content of the surface enamel was relatively high on the untreated control side, but no increasing trend was observed during the 2-year follow-up period. The fluoride content of the treated teeth was markedly elevated throughout the follow-up period. The in vitro experiments with the bovine teeth showed that etching did not release all the fluoride present in the tooth enamel.
Animals↗
[Protective effect in the serum of rabbits inoculated with BHK-21 cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus].
The present investigation was developed to determine the presence of protecting effects in the serum of rabbits inoculated with BHK 21 cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus, subtype C2. The rabbits received 252 mg. of antigens harvested 60, 65, 75, 90, 120 and 210 minutes post infection. These antigens were inactivated with two procedure: formaldehyde 0.015% and beta-propiolactone 0.2% and were inyected with incomplete Freund's adjuvant; the last inoculations were given with live antigen without adjuvant. The immunization period lasted approximately for six months. A seroprotection test in suckling mice was performed with each antiserum. The antisera corresponding to 75, 120 and 210 minutes post infection had protector effect. But antisera obtained with BHK cells at 75 minutes showed highly significant protective effect, as compared with the other two sera.
Animals↗
A study of the late effects of radiotherapy and operation on patients with maxillary cancer. A survey more than 10 years after initial treatment.
One hundred seventy-one maxillary carcinoma patients who survived more than 10 years after initial treatment were surveyed. Performance status was unrestricted in 35.1% of the patients, slightly restricted in 34.5%, moderately restricted in 21.1%, restricted in 7.0%, and very restricted in 2.3%. Radiation-induced cataracts on the affected side occurred in 100% of the patients treated with radiation. Good visual acuity was maintained in only 65.8% of the patients, even on the contralateral side. Fifty-five percent of the patients retained symmetric facial animation due to our policy of conservative therapy. Restricted mouth opening occurred in 32.2% of the patients, taking liquid diet in 21.1%, and middle ear effusion in 26.3%, which were closely linked to maxillectomy operation. This study suggests that avoiding excess radiation dosage, strict control of radiation field, adaption of two portals with 60 grades wedge pair filter, use of appropriate protectors, limiting removal at the maxillactomy, and postoperative care for trismus or tympanic effusion are necessary.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
The effects of the combination of chlorhexidine/thymol- and fluoride-containing varnishes on the severity of root caries lesions in frail institutionalised elderly people.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical effects of a fluoride-containing varnish (Fluor-Protector) in combination with a chlorhexidine-containing varnish (Cervitec) on existing root caries lesions in a group of frail elderly subjects. METHODS: A randomised double blind longitudinal study was utilised. Subjects (n = 102) were randomly allocated to a Test or Placebo group. All leathery and soft root caries lesions in all subjects were coated with Fluor-Protector while the lesions in the Test group were also coated with Cervitec and the lesions in the Placebo group were coated with a Placebo varnish. Treatments were repeated five times in a 12-month period. Clinical parameters associated with root caries, measurements of individual lesions and salivary levels of caries associated bacteria were made at intervals. RESULTS: The clinical severity of the lesions in the Test group did not change significantly during the 12-month study period. In the Placebo group the mean lesion width and lesion height and length of exposed root increased significantly and the lesions were significantly closer to the gingival margin. There were no significant changes in the salivary levels of caries-associated microorganisms after 12 months although, in both groups, there was initially a significant reduction in the salivary levels of mutans streptococci. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Fluor-Protector and Cervitec is a useful, simple, quick and non-invasive method for the control and management of existing root caries lesions. The procedure could be performed by a dental hygienist and may be usefully applied in other high-risk groups including persons with Parkinson's disease, debilitating neuromuscular conditions and dry mouth from whatever cause.
Aged↗