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PubMed1993

Clustering and mobility of voltage-dependent sodium channels during myelination.

In myelinated axons, voltage-dependent sodium channels are segregated at high density at nodes of Ranvier (Rosenbluth, 1976; Waxman and Quick, 1978; Black et al., 1990; Elmer et al., 1990), a distribution that is critical for the saltatory conduction of action potentials (Huxley and Stampfli, 1949). The factors that specifically control the organization and immobilization of sodium channels at nodes are unknown. Recently we have reported that segregation of sodium channels on axons is highly dependent on interactions with active Schwann cells and that continuing axon-glial interactions are necessary to maintain sodium channel distribution during differentiation of myelinated nerve (Joe and Angelides, 1992). The specific recruitment of sodium channels at these early stages of myelination and the conspicuous absence of other axon membrane components suggest that the factors governing sodium channel cluster formation show molecular specificity. However, it is not clear whether these clustered sodium channels originate from a redistribution of preexisting diffusely distributed sodium channels. To determine how Schwann cells might regulate sodium channel distribution during myelination we have examined the lateral mobility of fluorescently labeled sodium channels at defined stages of myelination by fluorescence photobleach recovery using tetramethylrhodamine (TmRhd)-labeled Tityus gamma, a sodium channel-specific fluorescent toxin. First, to test whether Schwann cells, in addition to modulating sodium channel distribution, affect the mobility of sodium channels, we cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons in the presence or absence of Schwann cells and monitored sodium channel mobility on cell bodies, axon hillocks, and axons. Even in the absence of Schwann cells, approximately 80% of the sodium channels were immobile on the time scale of the fluorescence photobleach recovery measurement (DL < or equal to 10(-12) cm2/sec), although the remaining fraction of channels are mobile with diffusion coefficients of 5-13 x 10(-11) cm2/sec. Most importantly, in contrast to the effects of Schwann cells on altering the distribution of sodium channels, we found that Schwann cells did not alter the rate of lateral mobility or the mobile fraction of axonal sodium channels. Therefore, although sodium channel distribution depends on Schwann cell contact, immobilization of sodium channels is independent of Schwann cell contact. These effects appear to be specific for sodium channels because 45% of the succinyl concanavalin-A receptors on the axon are mobile, a fraction that decreases to 25% in the presence of Schwann cells later in development. To determine how sodium channels might be immobilized other than by Schwann cell contact, TmRhd-Tityus gamma-labeled dorsal root neurons were treated with 0.5% Triton X-100.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Mobilization of peripheral stem cells with intensive chemotherapy (ICE regimen) and G-CSF in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Seventeen patients with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were treated with the ICE regimen plus G-CSF with the aim of mobilizing and collecting Ph-negative peripheral stem cells (PSC) in the setting of an autotransplant program. Fifteen patients had CML in first chronic phase (CP), and two in accelerated phase (AP). Three patients had been previously treated with interferon alpha 2a (IFN). Twelve patients underwent leukaphereses and a mean of 4.7 x 10(8)/kg mononuclear cells were obtained. Four CP patients did not show a significant mobilization peak of CD34+ cells and leukapheresis was not performed; finally, one patient died before apheresis could be performed. Six of the 12 who underwent leukaphereses obtained more than 1.0 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells. Eight of the 12 mobilized patients (67%) obtained a major cytogenetic response, including two complete and six partial; in the remaining four patients minimal or absent cytogenetic responses were observed. A higher rate of Ph purging was obtained in patients mobilized early or showing residual Ph-negative cells before mobilization, even if they were in AP. Infectious complications were frequent with a 38% rate of bacteremia recorded and one case of pulmonary aspergillosis resulting in a toxicity similar to that occurring in acute myeloid leukemia-induction chemotherapy. The ICE regimen can promote 'in vivo' purging of the Ph+ cells in 67% of CML mobilized patients (8/12). Failure of mobilization occurs in 65% of patients (11/17), mainly because of poor CD34+ cell yield.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[The intravascular mobile structure detected by duplex carotid ultrasonography in cardioembolic internal carotid artery occlusion].

We reported that duplex carotid ultrasonography demonstrated specific mobile intravascular mass in four patients with cardiac cerebral embolism. In all cases, duplex carotid ultrasonography clearly showed the presence of a mobile intravascular mass in the carotid artery within 2 days after the onset. In two of four cases, the follow-up duplex carotid ultrasonography showed disappearance of the previously observed "a mobile intravascular mass" 7 days after the onset. In the other two cases, a mobile intravascular mass became stable gradually and changed to non-mobile hyperechoic mass 10 days after the onset. We think that the intravascular mobile structure was probably a thrombus extending from the occlusive part of the internal carotid artery to the proximal side. We suspect that the specific "a mobile intravascular mass" detected by ultrasonography may help to diagnose embolic internal carotid artery occlusion.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

A prospective comparison of laparoscopic exposure techniques for rectal mobilization and sigmoid resection.

BACKGROUND: We determined the efficacy of a pneumoperitoneum and a gasless abdominal wall lifting device in providing exposure for low rectal mobilization and sigmoid resection in a swine model. The results of these laparoscopic techniques were compared with those obtained using standard open surgical methods. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective randomized nonblinded trial. Twenty-four adult female pigs were randomized into three groups depending on exposure technique: group 1, open (n = 6); group 2, carbon dioxide (n = 6) or helium (n = 6) pneumoperitoneum; and group 3, a mechanical abdominal wall lifting device (n = 6). A low rectal mobilization and sigmoid resection with a double-stapled, circular, end-to-end anastomosis was performed in all pigs. In group 2, a laparoscopic-assisted approach was used. Parameters assessed included length of operation, length of the colonic specimen, number of lymph nodes per specimen, and extent of anterior and posterior rectal mobilization (centimeters from the anal verge). RESULTS: Operative times were significantly shorter for group 1 than for group 2; no significant differences were found between the two laparoscopic subgroups. No significant difference was found in length of the colonic specimen or in number of lymph nodes harvested for each group. Extent of anterior and posterior rectal mobilization was also not significantly different for the three groups. Although mean mobilization lengths for each group were not significantly different, the range of values was broader in the laparoscopic groups. CONCLUSIONS: A comparable mobilization and bowel resection can be performed laparoscopically, regardless of the exposure technique used. Gasless laparoscopy may prove useful in patients in whom pneumoperitoneum is contraindicated; it will not replace pneumoperitoneum as the only method for obtaining laparoscopic exposure because of the ease of use and frank superiority of the pneumoperitoneum in most circumstances. Abdominal wall lifting devices seem to be a reasonable alternative to pneumoperitoneum for sigmoid resection and rectal mobilization.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Flt-3 ligand synergizes with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to increase neutrophil numbers and to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells with long-term repopulating potential.

Flt-3 ligand (FL) shares many features with stem cell factor (SCF), a widely documented cofactor for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization. We investigated the mobilization of PBPCs by FL in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). As a single agent, FL was a relatively modest mobilizer of PBPCs, resulting in 360 granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFCs)/mL blood (control, 155 GM-CFCs/mL blood) and no advantage in leukocyte recovery when these PBPCs were transplanted to irradiated recipient mice. G-CSF, on the other hand, mobilized over 20,000 GM-CFCs/mL blood, and the combination of G-CSF + FL resulted in over 100,000 GM-CFCs/mL blood. The combination of G-CSF + FL stimulated increased levels of monocytes and basophils in the peripheral blood. The performance of the mobilized PBPC product in irradiated hosts correlated with progenitor numbers resulting in long-term engraftment in association with accelerated short-term recovery of both leukocytes and platelets. These data demonstrate the potential of FL to synergize with G-CSF to mobilize PBPCs with both short- and long-term engraftment potential. The effect is similar to the synergistic interaction of G-CSF and SCF on PBPC mobilization. The use of FL as opposed to SCF may elicit a different spectrum of toxicities including lymphoid proliferation effects, in contrast to the mast cell degranulation effects of SCF. Clinical studies of FL are needed to evaluate its usefulness in man.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Childhood Economic Mobility and Systemic Inflammation Among Men Who Experienced Low Income in Toddlerhood: The Moderating Role of Trait Hostility.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood economic upward mobility (ie, increases in family income across childhood) may attenuate links between childhood poverty and systemic inflammation in adulthood, the extent of which may vary depending on inter-individual differences in personality characteristics, including hostility. METHODS: Men who experienced low income in toddlerhood (N=171) were followed prospectively into adulthood. Annual family income was collected 12 times when men were 1.5 to 17 years old. Men completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and had their fasting blood drawn to measure circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) at age 32. Multiple linear regression analyses examined main and moderation effects of childhood economic upward mobility and adult hostility on CRP levels adjusting for income at 1.5 years, race, parent educational attainment, and adult income, education, waist circumference, and smoking status. RESULTS: Main effects were nonsignificant, but an interaction effect emerged. Counter to expectations, childhood economic upward mobility related to greater adult CRP as trait hostility decreased ( β =-0.203, P =.018). Simple slope analyses further revealed that childhood economic upward mobility was positively associated with CRP among men lower in hostility ( β =0.23, SE=0.09, P =.020) but was unrelated to CRP among men higher in hostility. Results of post hoc sensitivity analyses are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Counterintuitive findings suggest that for men who experience poverty in toddlerhood, the association between childhood economic upward mobility and adult CRP may be nuanced and even in the positive direction for men low in hostility, which aligns with work on unintended health consequences of upward mobility.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Hemopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and harvest following an intensive chemotherapy debulking in indolent lymphoma patients.

An in vivo purging with intensive debulking chemotherapy prior to peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection may reduce the risk of tumor contamination of the harvest products; however, it is usually associated with a marked reduction in PBPC mobilization. These issues have been considered while designing an adapted version of the high-dose sequential regimen for patients with lymphoid malignancies and bone marrow involvement. To reduce tumor contamination risks, PBPC collection was postponed to the end of the high-dose phase; however, in order to enhance progenitor cell mobilization, a chemotherapy-free lag period was introduced prior to the final mobilizing course. Thirty-nine patients (median age 47 years, range 26-62) with previously untreated indolent lymphoma entered this pilot study; all had advanced-stage disease, and 29 had overt marrow involvement. Sufficient numbers of PBPC to perform autograft with safety were harvested in 34 patients, with a median of 3 (range 2-5) leukaphereses. A median of 14.8 x 10(6) (range 2-51) CD34+/kg and 32.6 x 10(4) (range 1.77-250) colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage/kg were collected per patient. In univariate analysis, the duration of the chemotherapy-free interval prior to the final mobilizing course, i.e. > or <65 days, was the most significant variable influencing progenitor mobilization. These data suggest that extensive in vivo tumor debulking is feasible provided that a sufficient chemotherapy-free period preceding the mobilizing course is allowed in order to allow a full recovery of marrow functions.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

A lipid mobilizing factor in serum of tumor-bearing mice.

There is considerable evidence that the growing tumor requires a source of unsaturated fatty acids, but the nature of this source and the mechanism of mobilizing the fatty acids from it are obscure. These experiments make use of AKR mice with implanted adipose tissue labeled with 1-14C linoleic acid. With this experimental animal, it has been found that: (a) in the normal, fed mouse, fat is mobilized slowly and appears largely as respiratory CO2, following oxidation, (b) in the normal, fasted mouse, fat is mobilized rapidly and appears largely as respiratory CO2; (c) in the tumor-bearing, fed mouse, fat is mobilized rapidly and appears largely in the tumor; and (d) the serum from tumor-bearing mice, when injected into normal mice, produces an immediate massive fat mobilization that does not respond to feeding, whereas the serum from normal, fed mice does not. It is concluded that a mobilizing factor of unknown nature is present in the serum of tumor-bearing AKR mice.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2005

Mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells in CLL patients after front-line fludarabine treatment.

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is performed in an increasing number of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients who are in the first remission following fludarabine treatment. There are contradictory data about the adverse impact of fludarabine on stem cell harvest. We analysed retrospectively mobilization results in 56 poor-risk CLL patients (median age: 56 years) who underwent first-line treatment with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. The mobilization, consisting of cyclophosphamide 3 g/m(2) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 10 microg/kg per day, was performed with a median of 77 days following the last fludarabine course. The target yield was >or=2.0x10(6) CD34+ cells/kg. The procedure was successful in 23 (41%) patients. A median of 3.3x10(6) CD34+ cells/kg was collected per patient. The successful mobilization was associated with a longer interval from the last chemotherapy (>2 months). The mobilization result was not influenced by the number of fludarabine cycles. No correlation was found in other parameters such as disease stage at diagnosis, disease status at stimulation or age. The poorly mobilized patients had significantly lower prestimulation blood counts (platelets, WBC and haemoglobin). Our data show that fludarabine does not generally prevent the stem cell mobilization; nevertheless, mechanisms related to the impact of fludarabine on stem cell harvest must be further investigated.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Factors influencing G-CSF-mediated mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells during steady-state hematopoiesis in patients with malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

We retrospectively analyzed factors influencing PBPC mobilization during steady-state hematopoiesis in 52 patients with malignant lymphoma (n=35) or multiple myeloma (n=17) who received 77 cycles of G-CSF (12.5-50 microg G-CSF/kg/day). For 15 of these patients, the first mobilization cycle (12.5 microg G-CSF/kg/day) was followed by a second course with an increased dose of G-CSF (25 or 50 microg/kg/day). Leukapheresis was started on day 4, about 2 h after s.c. G-CSF administration, and repeated on 2-5 consecutive days. CD34+ cells were determined by flow cytometry in each apheresis product and in the peripheral blood prior to G-CSF administration, beginning on day 4. Colony assays were performed on cryopreserved samples prior to autografting. In the 15 patients receiving two mobilization cycles the higher G-CSF dose was associated with higher levels of CD34+ cells, a higher mean yield of CD34+ cells per apheresis (p<0.05), and a higher percentage of successful (>2x10(6) CD34+ cells/kg) collections (p=0.058). Patients with limited previous cytotoxic therapy (n=19, up to six cycles of a standard regimen such as CHOP and/or less than 20% marrow irradiation) who received a daily dose of 12.5 microg G-CSF/kg had higher levels of circulating CD34+ cells, a higher mean yield of CD34+ cells per apheresis (p<0.05), and a higher percentage of successful collections (p<0.05) compared with patients previously treated with more intensive radiochemotherapy (n=15). Ten of 20 patients (50%) who failed during the first cycle were successful during subsequent cycles with escalated doses of G-CSF. Trough levels of circulating CD34+ cells on day 4 were predictive for success or failure to achieve >2x10(6) CD34+ cells/kg, especially in heavily pretreated patients. In conclusion, a daily dose of 12.5 microg G-CSF/kg seems sufficient to mobilize PBPC during steady-state hematopoiesis in the majority of patients who have received limited previous radiochemotherapy. Higher doses of G-CSF, up to 50 microg/kg/day, mobilize more PBPC and should be considered for patients previously treated with intensive radiochemotherapy or those failing to mobilize sufficient numbers of CD34+ cells with lower doses of G-CSF.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Correlations between hematopoietic progenitor cell counts as measured by Sysmex and CD34+ cell harvest yields following mobilization with different regimens.

PURPOSE: The Sysmex SE-9000 cell counter provides an estimate of immature cells referred to as hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). HPC counts should correlate with CD34+ counts in mobilized peripheral blood and apheresis to allow optimization of apheresis timing. METHODS: We correlated the HPC counts as measured in the immature information channel with CD34+ cell levels as determined by FACS (HPCA-2 antibody, Becton Dickinson) from mobilized peripheral blood in 40 samples (27 patients and three healthy donors) and in aphereses ( n=113, 41 patients and 20 healthy donors). RESULTS: In mobilized blood, HPC counts were correlated with CD34+ cells ( r=0.78, P<0.0001, n=40). The HPC counts were about 1.5-fold higher than CD34+ cell counts with a median (range) of 84 (1-747)/microl and 57 (1-370)/microl, respectively. In CD34+ selected cell preparations ( n=8), HPC counts were about fourfold lower than CD34+ cell counts with a median (range) of 179 (67-693)/microl and 760 (191-4309)/microl, respectively. In apheresis preparations, linear regression analyses were performed for the group of stem cell donors ( n=44), the group of lymphoma patients ( n=23), the multiple myeloma group ( n=21), and the group of solid tumors ( n=25). Interestingly, no correlation between HPC counts and CD34+ cell counts was found in the G-CSF-mobilized healthy donor group ( r=0.23, P=0.13). Pairing of HPC counts and CD34+ counts was effective in the group of patients receiving chemotherapy + G-CSF for stem cell mobilization: lymphoma group ( r=0.67, P=0.0005), multiple myeloma group ( r=0.56, P=0.008), and the group of solid tumors ( r=0.52, P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients who were moderately pretreated and mobilized with chemotherapy and G-CSF showed the best results in correlation analyses even at low HPC counts. Therefore, HPC measurement can be used for timing of apheresis in these patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

The effect of various clasping systems on the mobility of abutment teeth for distal-extension removable partial dentures.

Three clasping systems were placed in five patients, and measurements of abutment tooth mobility were made. These data were compared to previously established baselines and statistically analyzed. The findings of the study are: 1. There was no difference in abutment tooth mobility during the 4-week test period with each of the three clasping systems. The important factor may have been the fit of the distal-extension denture base over the residual ridge, which provides the stability to prevent increases in abutment mobility. 2. Any mobility increases were in a buccal direction only, or toward the flexible retentive clasp arm. There was never any change in lingual mobility. 3. All five patients chose the I-bar retainer as the design of choice due to its increased resistance to dislodgment. Periodic recall of distal-extension removable partial denture patients is mandatory to ensure proper stress distribution and prevent increases in abutment tooth mobility.

Dental Abutments↗

PubMed1990

Cost and output of mobile clinics in a commercial farming area in Zimbabwe.

Mobile clinics may be useful to improve the geographic accessibility of health services, but their cost may be higher than that of static clinics. In this paper it is determined to what extent mobile clinics in a commercial farming area in Zimbabwe improve geographic accessibility. The opportunity cost of mobile clinics, comprising cost of staff time and transport is estimated. Staff time appears to be more efficiently utilized in mobile clinics than in static clinics. The cost of transport comprises the cost to the health service and that to the population using the service. The consequences of two extreme assumptions are determined. If the first assumption (outreach does not increase coverage) were true, total transport cost would increase if outreach were discontinued. If the second assumption (outreach increases coverage by the number of attendances at mobile clinics) were true, a substantial increase in coverage would be obtained in particular for growth monitoring, immunizations and child spacing, without increasing the cost per contact. It is concluded that outreach clinics should continue in this commercial farming area. The sites of the mobile clinics are being reconsidered as a result of this study.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2006

Midlife physical activity and mobility in older age: The InCHIANTI study.

BACKGROUND: Among older adults, loss of mobility represents a critical stage in the disablement process, whereby the risk for disability is significantly increased. Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with reduced risk of losing mobility in older adulthood; however, few studies have examined physical activity performed earlier in life in relation to mobility later in life. METHODS: Data from a population-based study of 1155 adults aged 65 years and older living in the Chianti region of Italy in 1998-2000 were analyzed in 2005 and 2006. Participants retrospectively recalled their physical activity levels in midlife and underwent mobility testing and medical examination. Two objective mobility outcomes were examined as a function of past physical activity: the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the ability to walk 400 meters. RESULTS: Older Italian adults (mean age 74.8, standard deviation 7.3) who engaged in higher levels of physical activity in midlife were significantly more likely to perform better on the SPPB than individuals who were less physically active in midlife. In addition, failure to complete the 400-meter walk test was significantly less likely among physically active men (Level II) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15-0.93) and very active men (Level III) (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09-0.63) when compared to men who were less active (Level I) in the past (p for trend, 0.008). These associations remained after adjustment for demographic factors, medical conditions, and physiologic impairments. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults who reported higher levels of physical activity in midlife had better mobility in old age than less physically active ones.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

CD26 is essential for normal G-CSF-induced progenitor cell mobilization as determined by CD26-/- mice.

OBJECTIVE: In spite of the wide usage of mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) for transplantation, the mechanism of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced HSC/HPC mobilization has yet to be fully determined. Our previous studies suggested that that G-CSF-induced mobilization may involve the extracellular peptidase CD26 (DPPIV/dipeptidylpeptidase IV). We set out to establish whether CD26 was an essential component of normal G-CSF-induced mobilization of HSC/HPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal wild-type (WT) control C57BL/6 mice and CD26 knockout (CD26(-/-)) mice, also on a C57BL/6 background, were treated with or without G-CSF and peripheral blood cells, bone marrow cells, and spleen cells were assessed for CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM content. RESULTS: No statistical difference in the number of CFU-GM, BFU-E, or CFU-GEMM in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, or spleen of untreated WT vs untreated CD26(-/-) mice was observed. G-CSF treatment of WT mice resulted in the mobilization of HPC into the peripheral blood. The number of HPC detected in G-CSF-treated CD26(-/-) mouse peripheral blood was significantly less than the corresponding number of HPC detected in G-CSF-treated WT mouse peripheral blood after either a 2- or 4-day G-CSF regimen. CONCLUSIONS: CD26 plays a critical role in G-CSF-induced mobilization of HPC.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Increased plasma levels of stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) enhance human thrombopoiesis and mobilize human colony-forming cells (CFC) in NOD/SCID mice.

OBJECTIVE: Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) is chemotactic for lympho/hematopoietic stem cells. We have previously shown that increasing peripheral blood (PB) levels of SDF-1 with adenovectors expressing human SDF-1 complementary DNA (ad-SDF-1) leads to hematopoietic stem cell mobilization as well as migration of megakaryocytes and thrombocytosis in mice. Herein, we studied the in vivo effects of ad-SDF-1 and of an analogue peptide of SDF-1 (CTCE-0214) on human hematopoiesis in a xenotransplant model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sublethally irradiated (300 cGY) NOD/SCID mice transplanted with human cord blood mononuclear cells (CB MNC) were injected with ad-SDF-1 (10(9) plaque forming units, i.v., x 1) or CTCE-0214 (10 mg/kg/dose, i.v. q 24 hours x 7). Effects on megakaryocytopoiesis (CD41+ cells and platelets) as well as stem cell mobilization were monitored. RESULTS: CB MNC in NOD/SCID mice are able to differentiate into CD41+ cells and platelets, peaking at week 9 at a mean of 3.7 x 10(3)/microL. i.v. injection of ad-SDF-1 increased human CD41+ cells by day 4 in PB and was followed by an increase in human platelet production by day 5, with return to baseline by day 30. Human colony-forming cells (CFC) were mobilized from bone marrow to spleen (by day 6-13) and to PB (by day 13). Human CD34+ and CD33+ cells were mobilized by this treatment as well. A novel SDF-1 peptide agonist (CTCE-0214) also mobilized human CFC and enhanced human thrombopoiesis. CONCLUSION: SDF-1 and its analogue may be of clinical value in stimulating platelet recovery after chemo/radiation treatment as well as in stem cell mobilization.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed2004

Soluble c-kit receptor mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells to peripheral blood in mice.

OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms of mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from bone marrow to peripheral blood (PB) by cytokines are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that cytokines disrupt cytoadhesive interactions of stem cells with bone marrow stroma. The soluble portion of c-kit (s-kit) binds stem cell factor (SCF) and can specifically block the ability of SCF to bind HSC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine stem cell mobilization by s-kit, we prepared PB mononuclear cells from s-kit- or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-treated mice and assayed their colony-forming abilities and their long-term reconstituting abilities by transplantation into lethally irradiated Ly-5.2 congenic mice. RESULTS: We confirmed the published findings that human recombinant s-kit can block SCF-stimulated hematopoietic colony growing. We then found that s-kit could mobilize colony-forming cells from bone marrow to PB, and we found long-term reconstitution cells in the PB from s-kit-treated mice. The majority of s-kit-mobilized stem cells were in the CD34(+) cell population. We also tested the additive effect between G-CSF and s-kit. The mean percentages of donor cells in the mice transplanted with Lin(-) cells from the G-CSF-treated mice and the G-CSF/s-kit-treated mice were 44.6% and 64.8%, respectively (p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that stem cells with long-term engraftment capabilities can be mobilized by s-kit, and that s-kit combined with G-CSF treatment leads to significant enhancement of engraftment efficiency, suggesting mobilization via disruption between c-kit and SCF as the mechanism.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Mobile information and communication in the hospital outpatient service.

OBJECTIVES: Most healthcare providers provide mobile service for their medical staff; however, few healthcare providers provide mobile service as part of their outpatient service. The mobile outpatient service system (MOSS) focuses on illness treatment, illness prevention and patient relation management for outpatient service users. Initiated in a local hospital in Taiwan, the MOSS pilot project was developed to improve outpatient service quality and pursue higher patient safety. METHOD: This study focuses on the development of the MOSS. The workflow, architecture and target users of the MOSS are delineated. In addition, there were two surveys conducted as part of this study. After a focus group of medical staff identified areas in which outpatient services might be improved by the MOSS, the first survey was administered to outpatients to confirm the focus group's intuitions. The second administration of the survey explored outpatient satisfaction after they used the MOSS service. RESULTS: With regard to outpatient attitudes, about 93% of participants agreed that the mobile outpatient service improved outpatient service quality. In the area of outpatient satisfaction, about 89% of participants indicated they were satisfied with the mobile outpatient service. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Supported by our study finding, we propose that more diverse mobile outpatient services can be provided in the future.

Adult↗