[Psychopharmacological treatment of the obsessive neuroses].
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Administration, Oral↗
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Results for “NEUROSES, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE”
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[Functional motor asymmetries in various mental disorders (according to the results of a psychodiagnostic myokinetic test)].
A subtest ("lineograms") of Mira Lopez's method was used for investigating interhemispheral functional asymmetry in 42 patients with schizophrenia, 102 patient-with various neuroses, and 40 psychically healthy subjects. It was found that the character and degree of the asymmetry in the patients with schizophrenia and neuroses differed from those observed in the healthy subjects. The results obtained show a high informative value of the method used for examining the interhemispheral interrelations in psychic diseases, and well agree with the presently existing concepts on relative functional specialization of the psychic activity of each brain hemisphere and the central nervous system peculiarities characteristic of some forms of neuroses.
Adult↗
[Initial results of treatment with the new antidepressant Upstene].
On 52 cases treated with Upstene IV or per os, in double blind with clomipramine or in open study, we have obtained 47 good or excellent results. The remission can be spectacular and obtained very rapidly in 1 to 4 days. Upstene does not give any secondary effects. A remarquable specificity of Upstene has been observed in obsessionnal and phobic neuroses: 25 positive results on 27 cases. Upstene is very active on 5 HT reuptake, particularly in the limbic system; it reduces cutral 5 HIAA metabolism which would probably explain its beneficial effect on obsessional or phobic neuroses, in which 5 HIAA is increased in the brain. Furthermore, limbic lobectomy gives 84% of positive results.
Antidepressive Agents↗
[The nature of the neurohormonal reorganizations in patients with neuroses].
Neurohormonal balance was studied in patients suffering from neurasthenic, hysteric of obsessive-phobic neuroses. The peculiarities of functional restructuring in sympathoadrenal, opioid and pituitary-adrenal cortex systems were considered as related to clinical form or stage of the disease. Irrespective of the neurosis clinical form, a considerable rise in the endorphin blood levels with increasing sympathoadrenal and adrenocortical activities were typical of its initial stages. With long-lasting neuroses, the neurohormonal shifts characteristic of chronic emotional stress were detected.
Adult↗
Clinical experience in the treatment of obsessional states (2).
There is no adequate classification of obsessive/compulsive phenomena and they frequently co-exist with other psychiatric symptoms, notably depression. Seven years experience in the use of intravenous clomipramine in these conditions is reviewed. Good results have been obtained in the treatment of depression, and obsessive/compulsive/phobic states, and mixed patients. The results in neuroses and personality disorders are poor. It is concluded that clomipramine is the treatment of choice for obsessive/compulsive disorders, with or without accompanying depression.
Clomipramine↗
[Early childhood experience and neurosis. Scizoid and depressive neuroses as sequellae of early childhood traumatic experience in wartime].
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Adolescent↗
[Effect of neuroses on the development of hypertensive disease and ischemic heart disease].
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Adult↗
[Reflexotherapy of asthenic conditions in neuroses].
The results of clinico-psychological examination of 121 patients have demonstrated that acupuncture is a fairly effective method of treating asthenic states in neurotic patients. Thus, considerable improvement and improvement has been observed in 67% of the patients. The absence of positive effect in the remaining cases is explained by an aggravated history, a stubborn course of the disease, and depletion of the functional activity of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) and the adrenal cortex. Normalization of EEG rhythm is effected through activation of the synchronizing and inactivation of the desynchronizing cerebral systems; the positive dynamics of the structure of nocturnal sleep is reflected in an increased duration of slow sleep and rapid sleep which were initially reduced, in more regular alternation of the cycles and phases of sleep, and in a shorter period of falling asleep. Biochemical examinations have revealed activation of the mediatory component of the SAS and elevation of the function of the adrenal cortex, while baroalgesimetric studies have shown that acupuncture is characterized by antinociceptive and activizing effects. On the whole the efficacy of acupuncture in controlling asthenic conditions related to neuroses is due to its integral action.
Acupuncture Therapy↗
Dose-response relationship between number of comorbid anxiety disorders in adolescent bipolar/unipolar disorders, and psychosis, suicidality, substance abuse and familiality.
OBJECTIVES: To ascertain rates of panic, obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and social phobic disorders among adolescents with bipolar disorder (BP), unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychiatric comparison patients, to assess their relationships to suicidality, psychosis, comorbidity patterns and familiality. METHODS: The first author (SCD) interviewed 313 Latino adolescents using a structured interview based on the SCID. Family history was ascertained by live interview or interview by proxy. Patients were classified as BP, MDD, or non-affectively ill comparison controls (CC). Data regarding suicidality and psychosis were collected. Regression analysis was used to test associations and control for confounding effects. Positive likelihood ratios were used to measure the dose-response relationships between number of anxiety disorders and measures of severity of illness and familial loading for affective illness. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 36.7% were BP, 44.7% MDD and 18.5% CC. In BP vs. MDD the odds of panic disorder were 4.4, of OCD 5.1, and of social phobia 3.3. MDD, in turn, were more likely to have these disorders than CC. BP (but not MDD) with panic disorder and social phobia, were more likely to have suicidal ideation; among the anxiety disorders, only social phobia was associated with having greater odds of suicide attempts. Among BP and MDD, patients with all three anxiety disorders were more likely to be psychotic. Presence of any mood disorder among first-degree relatives substantially increased the odds of having panic disorder and social phobia. The presence of one comorbid anxiety disorder increased the odds of having another. Finally, there were dose-response relationships between number of anxiety disorders and measures of severity of illness and familial loading for affective illness. LIMITATIONS: Single interviewer using the SCID; cross sectional exploratory study. CONCLUSIONS: BP adolescents have a greater anxiety disorder burden than their MDD counterparts. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that heavy familial-genetic loading for affective illness in juveniles is associated with bipolarity, cumulative anxiety disorder comorbidity, suicidality and psychosis. These observations are in line with pioneering psychopathologic observation in the early 1900s by two French psychiatrists, Gilbert Ballet and Pierre Kahn, who saw common ground between what until then had been considered the distinct categories of the neuroses and cyclothymic (circular) psychoses. This perspective has much in common with current complex genetic models of anxious diatheses in bipolar disorder.
Adolescent↗
[Problems in the pathomorphosis of neuroses].
Overall 2,991 case reports of patients who stayed at the department for neuroses and psychotherapy during 1948-1988 underwent a clinico-socio-psychological analysis. Certain aspects of interisomorphism, intranosomorphism and intersyndromic pathomorphism of neuroses for the 40-year period are indicated. It is assumed that the main causes of pathomorphism as applicable to the patterns of neuroses are social and psychological mechanisms whereas the dominant syndrome is the combination of individual psychological factors with social and psychological ones as well as organic insufficiency.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Dynamics of the main forms of neurosis].
A total of 162 patients (55 with neurasthenia, 53 with hysteric neuroses, 54 with neurosis of obsessive states) have been followed up with emphasis on the evolutional and age-specific characteristics. The authors have established a peculiar nature of the predisposing and pathogenetic factors in the genesis of neuroses and their subsequent dynamics in relation to age (infantile-adolescent, mature, late). The obtained data have made it possible to develop the principles of the pathogenetic therapy of the main forms of neuroses. These principles are based on the mandatory consideration of age-specific features.
Adolescent↗
[Dynamics and outcome of obsessive neuroses with onset in childhood and adolescence in the light of follow-up studies].
A total of 52 patients (28 males and 24 females from 16.5 to 21.5 years of age) observed in childhood because of obsessional neuroses were studied. All the studied cases were divided into 3 groups: patients with obsessional movements and actions, patients with obsessional fears and patients with obsessions of the mixed type. Follow-up studies of the patients demonstrated that the prognosis of obsessional states with an onset in childhood and adolescency should not be based only on the duration of the disease. It depends on the combination of a number of factors: the clinical form of neuroses, type of development, traits of the "basis", stage of psychophysical development, determing evolution of the disease and degree of social adaptation.
Adolescent↗
[Psychopathologic symptoms in torticollis spasmodicus].
The paper presents the results of detailed diagnosis of 51 patients with torticollis spasmodicus. A discussion of the results would seem to indicate the possibility of there being one group with prior neuroses, one group compulsive in nature, and one group whose diminished performance arises from the condition of the brain. Reliable diagnosis is only possible when both mental and physical parameters have been taken into consideration.
Adult↗
[Therapy of subclinical (subdiagnostic) syndromes of schizophrenia spectrum].
Since 1911, when E. Bleuler thought of the so-called latent schizophrenia as the most frequent type of schizophrenia, but most seldom diagnosed as such, the question, whether there exist abortive forms of schizophrenia, was discussed again and again; so in 1932 by Mayer-Gross, who devoted to the uncharacteristic onset of schizophrenia a special chapter, in 1938 by Stern (so-called borderline neuroses) und in 1949 by Hoch and Polatin (pseudoneurotic schizophrenias). Since the 50s Huber had described by means of follow-up studies the uncharacteristic basic stages occurring long before the onset and after remission of the florid symptomatology, in 1957 the cenesthetic schizophrenia and in 1961 and 1966 the asthenic or pure defect of schizophrenia, which he also counts to the subclinical syndromes or formes frustes of endogenous psychoses just as the endogenous juvenile-asthenic failure syndromes, the larvate schizophrenia, the endogenous obsessive-compulsive disorder and the circumscribed cenesthopathy. The recognition of these subthreshold stages and types of the schizophrenia spectrum, which cannot be diagnosed by valid diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, is the presupposition for an adequate therapy. The patients complain about subjectively experienced mainly dynamic, affective, cognitive (thought, perception and action disturbances), cenesthetic and vegetative basic symptoms, can be registered and documented by the Bonn Scale BSABS. We will deal with symptomatology, course and therapy of the mentioned sublinical syndromes. The psychopharmacological treatment is chosen according to the psychopathological cross-section picture and will be continued until improvement or remission of the symptomatology and after stepwise reduction stopped. If dynamic and affective basic symptoms predominate, we prefer antidepressants (e. g. amitriptyline-type or the newer SSRIs), in case of prevailing cognitive and cenethetic basic symptoms neuroleptics, today mainly atypical ones. In the past also classical neuroleptics, e. g. haloperidol, fluphenazine or pimozide in low dosage of or low potent drugs as thioridazine or perazine have proved to be worthwhile.
Adult↗
[Use of the M.H.Q. test (Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire) in the diagnosis of neuroses].
A psychological interview and the MHQ, Koch, Rorschach, TAT, Machover and family design psychological tests were conducted in pneumopathic patients. The results obtained with the MHQ were compared with those of the other tests with respect to the diagnosis of psychoneurosis. A perfect fit was observed.
Anxiety Disorders↗
Psychophysiological studies of eating disorders by means of visual evoked responses.
The psychic conditions of 14 patients with eating disorders were examined psychophysiologically. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and vertex potentials (V-potentials) as visual evoked responses (VERs) were recorded simultaneously at rest and during hyperventilation. The correlation between manifest anxiety measured by the MAS test and the increased amplitudes of VERs during hyperventilation was examined. The results showed that the psychic conditions of the typical anorexia nervosa patients were similar to a state of alexithymia, as they showed less manifest anxiety. The amplitudes of the VEPs and V-potentials did not increase during hyperventilation as did those of hysteric and obsessive-compulsive neurotic patients. Psychic conditions of patients suffering from the other type of eating disorders were contrary to the former group, viz., they showed much manifest anxiety. The amplitudes of the VERs increased markedly during hyperventilation as did those of anxiety neurotic patients. Mechanisms of increased amplitudes during hyperventilation as well as the correlation between manifest anxiety and anorexia nervosa are discussed. In conclusion, we would suggest that the typical cases of anorexia nervosa can be classified as psychosomatic disease and the atypical cases and the other eating disorders as neuroses.
Adult↗
[Age-related characteristics of neuroses].
The authors investigated some social, psychological, clinical features in 72 patients suffering of neuroses with an early and late onset of the disease. Statistically important differences between the groups were observed. These data should be considered in treatment strategy, determination of the prognosis of the disease, tactics of subsequent outpatient therapy.
Adult↗
[Clinicopsychological study of the "internal picture of the disease" in neuroses in the process of their psychotherapy].
Using clinical and experimental psychological methods a number of characteristics of the disease insight was studied in 72 patients with neuroses. An analysis of the time course of the patients' attitude to their disease and treatment has enabled the author to disclose the peculiarities of understanding the disease cause by the patients as a criterion of psychotherapy efficacy. The most characteristic variants of psychological defence in various forms of the neuroses, as well as the inner personal conflicts in the patients and their self-estimation are described. On the basis of the data obtained peculiarities of the psychotherapeutic strategy contributing to improvement of the therapy efficacy are indicated.
Adult↗