SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Recovery phases”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

A longitudinal study of circulating lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood during the acute stage of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Activated T cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Blood samples from 16 patients with GBS were studied with flow cytometry during the acute stage of their disease to define circulating lymphocyte populations. During the progressive phase of GBS the T-suppressor/inducer (CD4/CD45RA) subset was decreased (10.3 +/- 4.4%, P < 0.05) and the T-helper/ inducer (CD4/CD29) subset was increased (34.9 +/- 9.2%, P < 0.05) compared to sex and age matched patients with other neurological diseases (OND, 15.5 +/- 5.7% and 27.8 +/- 8.6%, respectively) and healthy controls (16.5 +/- 6% and 28.1 +/- 8.5%, resp.). Within the CD8 population, the activated T-cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8/CD38) subset was increased during the progressive (13 +/- 10.1%, P < 0.05) and plateau phase (16.4 +/- 16.9%, P < 0.01) of GBS compared to OND patients (6.2 +/- 2.3%) and healthy controls (5.8 +/- 2.5%). The proportion of activated T cells (CD3/CD25) was increased during the progressive (9.3 +/- 3.8%, P < 0.05) and plateau phase (11.5 +/- 5.5%, P < 0.01) compared to OND patients (6.6 +/- 2.7%) and healthy controls (5.5 +/- 2.5%). The changes of T cell subsets normalized during the early recovery phase of GBS. 2 patients with serological evidence of antecedent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection had abnormal high proportions (mean +/- 2 (SD) of healthy controls) of CD8 lymphocytes and correspondingly abnormal low proportions of CD4 lymphocytes during all phases of GBS. In contrast, the CD8 proportions were abnormal low in 3 patients with serological evidence of recent Campylobacter jejuni infection. There was no correlation between the proportions of lymphocyte subsets and the disability score during the maximum of the disease and after half a year. In conclusion, we found further evidence of T cell activation during the acute stage of GBS by the demonstration of an increased proportion of activated CD8+ T cells, which may be directly cytotoxic to Schwann cells. The abnormalities of the CD8 subset in some GBS patients seem to depend on the nature of the preceding infection.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Oxygenation in patients with chronic airflow obstruction after cessation of exercise.

Although oxygenation has been widely investigated in patients with chronic airflow obstruction both at rest and during exercise, very little is known about their oxygenation in the postexercise recovery period. Recently, it has been shown that PaO2 may in fact be higher during the initial 20 to 120 seconds recovery phase, compared to rest and peak exercise levels. Since it is not established to what extent this improvement persists, we investigated the changes in oxygenation during this phase in patients with CAO. We measured arterial blood gas values, expired gases and ventilation at rest, peak exercise and during the first seven minutes of recovery in 18 male patients with moderate-severe CAO. Mean rest PaO2 (77 mm Hg) and peak exercise PaO2 (76 mm Hg) did not change significantly. Compared to peak exercise, PaO2 was significantly higher during recovery at one minute (93 mm Hg, p = 0.005) and at four minutes (91 mm Hg, p = 0.005), but not at seven minutes (86 mm Hg, p = 0.155) after exercise. All of the recovery PaO2 levels were significantly higher than resting PaO2. These results indicate that during the postexercise recovery period, oxygenation is better than at peak exercise or at rest. Regression analysis of the data predicts that oxygenation may return to resting levels 8 to 9 minutes after cessation of exercise.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Role of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies].

Physical exercise plays a crucial role in the treatment of inflammatory myopathies. In the phase of active muscle inflammation the prevention of contractures in the joints and physiotherapy for the respiratory system are the most important goals, whereas in the recovery phase of dermatomyositis and polymyositis the emphasis must be on the strengthening of the remaining muscle fibers and the treatment of the myopathy caused by corticosteroids. The authors discuss in detail the special rehabilitation problems of myositis patients depending on the activity and subtype of the disease and the possible solutions.

Connective Tissue Diseases↗

PubMed1992

Thyroid hormone levels in hepatitis B.

Thyroid hormone levels were estimated in fifty patients with hepatitis B. In acute phase, T3 was raised in 10% and T4 in 60%. This rise was directly proportional to the transaminases levels. Twenty cases were also studied in the recovery phase where thyroid hormones returned to within normal limits. This rise of T3 and T4 in acute phase is attributed to increased thyroxin binding capacity due to release of thyroid binding globulin into circulation from necrosing hepatocytes.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

Effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for fattening pigs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, deoxynivalenol balance and clinical serum characteristics.

A dose response study was carried out with pigs in order to examine the effects of increasing dietary deoxynivalenol (DON)-concentrations on performance, clinical serum characteristics, nutrient digestibility and DON-metabolism. For this purpose, wheat contaminated naturally with Fusarium toxins was incorporated into pig diets at increasing proportions to give calculated dietary DON-concentrations of 0, 2.3 and 4.6 mg/kg during the starter period of phase 1 (14 d) of the experiment, and 0/0, 1.2/1.4, 2.3/3.7 mg/kg starter/grower diet during phase 3 (56 d) of the experiment. Each diet was tested on 16 pigs of both sexes with an initial average live weight of approximately 28 kg. A recovery phase (phase 2, 21 d) was intercalated between phase 1 and 3 of the growth experiment where all groups were fed with the uncontaminated control diet since some pigs exposed to the highest dietary DON-concentration during phase 1 nearly completely refused the offered feed. Affected pigs completely recovered during this phase. In phase 3, when diets with lower DON-concentrations were fed, no differences in performance could be detected. Serum clinical characteristics (enzymes indicating liver damage, total protein, immunoglobulins) did not respond to increasing DON-concentration in the diets. DON-concentration in serum increased in a dose-response-related manner as dietary DON-concentration increased. However, this parameter was not or only weakly correlated to any of the examined performance parameters or serum characteristics. Also, nutrient digestibility of the diets and N-retention were not affected by treatments with the exception of crude fat digestibility which was not consistently influenced. Concentration of DON and its metabolite de-epoxy-DON increased in urine with increasing dietary DON-concentration in a strongly linearly related fashion. The proportion of the excretion of de-epoxy-DON of the total urinary excretion of DON plus de-epoxy-DON rose linearly up to approximately 4%. Total recovery of DON plus de-epoxy-DON as percentage of DON-intake varied between 45 and 57% and was not influenced by dietary DON-concentration. Only a very small fraction of approximately 0.1% of ingested DON was recovered in faeces.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1994

Facilitation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by irradiation and virus infection: role of inflammatory cells.

Infection with an avirulent strain of Semliki Forest virus (SFV-A7) facilitates the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a genetically resistant BALB/c mouse strain. Irradiation which is necessary for EAE induction caused a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes and an increase in CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in the spleen of BALB/c mice. EAE induction increased the ratio further until clinical and histological signs of EAE appeared. Entry of perivascular CD4+ and CD8+ cells preceded the onset of clinical signs and the appearance of MAC-1+ cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In the acute phase of EAE, cellular infiltrates, which were sparse, consisted mainly of MAC-1+ cells and a few CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Inflammatory cells gradually disappeared during the recovery phase. SFV-A7 infection after irradiation and EAE induction did not significantly change the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the spleen or in the CNS infiltrates but enhanced the entry of inflammatory cell into the CNS. Similar perivascular cell influx was also seen in untreated mice infected with SFV-A7. We conclude that observed rapid reduction of splenic mononuclear cells and increase of the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio caused by irradiation prior EAE induction are early crucial events in disease induction in this resistant strain of mice. SFV-A7 infection, which further facilitates the development of EAE, does not induce immunoregulatory changes but provides its effect by enhancing the entry of inflammatory cells into the CNS. The combination of these two mechanisms thus effectively breaks the natural resistance against EAE in this genetically resistant mouse strain.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Direct liquid chromatography method for retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in rat plasma.

An HPLC method for Vitamins A and E in rat plasma has been developed. The main goals of the method are the small amount of sample, 50 microl, and the direct extraction of analytes in one step with acetone, which is a solvent compatible with the reverse-phase mobile phases. Recoveries, as compared with classical and more tedious methods, were near 100%. The method employs a Supelco Discovery C18 column and methanol/water (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase. After being developed, the method was validated following ICH guidelines, with UV, fluorescence and electrochemical detectors. It proved to be selective, lineal, accurate and precise. This method greatly simplifies sample treatment and that is a critical point when working with a large number of samples.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Symmetry of the elbow kinematics during racing wheelchair propulsion.

The purpose of this study was to establish whether bilateral symmetry exists during wheelchair propulsion in the elbow movement pattern of trained wheelchair racers. Seven endurance-trained wheelchair racers volunteered to participate in the study. Each subject was recorded by two-dimensional video analysis while pushing on a single-roller wheelchair ergometer at 14 mph (6.58 ms-1) in their own racing wheelchair. The range of elbow flexion, elbow orientation and selected timing parameters including cycle time and time spent in contact with the handrim (propulsion phase) were obtained from both left and right sides. Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks tests determined the differences between the left and right sagittal plane images of wheelchair propulsion. Furthermore, the Bland-Altman method determined the agreement between the left and right sagittal plane images. The results indicated that the propulsion phase, elbow height and elbow angular displacement characteristics were not significantly different between right and left sides. The right elbow was higher than the left during the recovery phase, but the magnitude of this difference was only 0.03 m (N.S). Factors associated with chair design and the athlete's posture may have contributed to the small differences noted between left and right sides. In conclusion, the results appear to suggest that the assumption of bilateral symmetry of the elbow movement pattern during wheelchair propulsion is valid for the group. However, it is important to note that asymmetries exist in individuals and further research is warranted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Inhibition of ovulation by low-dose mifepristone (RU 486).

Mifepristone (RU 486) is a potent antigestagen and antiglucocorticoid which when given at a dose of 25-600 mg disrupts folliculogenesis, inhibits ovulation and induces menses in healthy women. This study reports the effects of much lower doses of mifepristone than used previously, given for the duration of a complete menstrual cycle. Healthy female volunteers (n = 11) with regular menstrual cycles were given mifepristone at a daily dose of 5 mg (n = 6) or 2 mg (n = 5) for 30 days, beginning immediately after an ovulatory placebo cycle. Mifepristone prevented menstruation for the duration of the treatment period, with recurrence of menses 15-29 days after replacement of mifepristone with placebo. Daily mifepristone given in either 5 mg or 2 mg doses inhibited ovulation, as indicated by the lack of a rise in urinary pregnanediol excretion. The excretion of oestrone glucuronide in urine rose during treatment, suggesting ovarian follicular development. Inhibition of ovulation appeared to result from a failure of the positive feedback effect of oestradiol on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, as no surges of luteinizing hormone were seen despite pre-ovulatory levels of oestrone glucuronide being measured during exposure to mifepristone. The cycle immediately following treatment was shorter than the pre-treatment cycle, with lower peak levels of pregnanediol glucuronide, suggesting an inadequate luteal phase. Recovery from the effects of mifepristone treatment was more rapid after 2 mg than after 5 mg and one subject conceived in the immediate post-treatment phase, indicating adequate ovulation and luteinization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Beta-endorphin, ACTH, and cortisol response to hemorrhage in conscious pigs.

Some of the interrelations of neuroendocrine changes associated with hypovolemia were investigated in a model simulating an arterial hemorrhage. beta-Endorphin, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), and cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay before, during, and after controlled bleeding of conscious splenectomized pigs. All animals showed significant (P less than 0.05) increases in the three neuroendocrine substances during hemorrhage. beta-Endorphin values initially were 55 +/- 7 pg/ml (+/- SE) and rose to a peak of 386 +/- 44 pg/ml at the nadir of blood pressure (mean arterial pressure = 47.5 mmHg). ACTH showed a similar pattern, increasing from 49 +/- 10 to a peak of 518 +/- 56 pg/ml. Cortisol values reached their peak of 18.2 +/- 2.5 micrograms % during the recovery phase. beta-Endorphin values displayed a close inverse correlation to blood pressure during hemorrhage, but returned to basal levels more rapidly than blood pressure during the recovery period. Plasma ACTH levels rose significantly more slowly than beta-endorphin as the hemorrhage progressed. An equimolar ratio of ACTH and beta-endorphin returned only as levels declined following the hemorrhagic insult. In awake pigs therefore an arterial hemorrhage is accompanied by endorphin release proportional to the decrement in blood pressure, a somewhat retarded buildup of ACTH, and a still later cortisol peak during recovery.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1990

Pressure responses of hypertensive patients treated with thiazides, beta blockers and clonidine during a psychological experimental stress situation.

A total of 61 hypertensive patients treated during more than six months with antihypertensive drugs and showing a satisfactory evolution and normal basal arterial pressure values were studied. Patients were subjected to a psychological stress test in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the pharmacological treatment during and after an emotional situation. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) were measured in three instances: before (I), during (II) and after the test (III). Patients were divided in two groups: a) moderate hypertensive subjects (N = 38) treated with thiazides and beta-blockers and b) severe hypertensive subjects (N = 23) treated with the same drugs plus clonidine. A group of 26 normotensive subjects was used as control. Reactivity was determined comparing SAP and DAP values in instances I and II, whereas the recovery phase was evaluated by comparing instances I and III. SAP and DAP reactivity were highest in severe hypertensive patients and lowest in normal subjects. SAP and DAP recovery was partial in severe hypertensive subjects and complete in the other two groups. All reactivity and recovery differences were statistically significant. These results suggest that antihypertensives treatment that normalized basal arterial pressure values in these patients was not sufficiently effective to protect them during a psychological stress situation.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1981

[Effect of bunitrolol on heart rate, metabolic parameters during physical exercise, and performance].

Plasma catecholamines, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, and glycerol in the blood, as well as heart rate, oxygen intake, and work capacity have been examined in 9 healthy subjects (28.5 +/- 2 years) at rest, during submaximum and maximum ergometric exercise, after oral administration of a placebo and of 10 mg O-[3-(tert.-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-benzonitril (bunitrolol, Stresson), respectively. The results are as follows: 1. As caused by the intrinsic activity of bunitrolol, the heart rate does not show nearly any reduction at rest and during submaximum physical exercise. At maximum exercise level the heart rate is 37 beats/min lower with bunitrolol. The limitation of heart function leads to a work capacity reduction of approx. 14%. 2. After administration of bunitrolol, adrenaline level is significantly lower at rest and during submaximum exercise than with placebo. At a 200 W level, the concentration is higher with bunitrolol, but the maximum results are not attained with placebo. In relation to the percentile of the maximum work capacity, plasma catecholamine level shows no differences with placebo and with bunitrolol, respectively, except that it is lower during maximum exercise and the recovery phase. 3. Glucose, free fatty acids, and glycerol levels show no significant changes with bunitrolol. Lactate decreases significantly after bunitrolol at submaximal exercise levels and during the recovery stage, which can be looked upon as an indication of a glycolysis restriction.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Electrophysiologic studies on the course of the adaptation phase following noise stress].

It was the aim of this study to settle the problem whether the post-stimulatory pattern of the extent of excitation (amplitude, latency) registered with the cortical evoked potentials can be verified in the recovery phase via leads from the brain stem region and cochlea. In this context electrophysiological measurements with human and animal material were performed. After a five-minute stimulation with a wide-band noise of various intensity we examined in the post-stimulation phase the specific stimulus pattern of the evoked potentials during an interval of 5 minutes with a resolution of 5 sec. We determined the change in response patterns of evoked potentials. Finally, the relevance of the results with regard to various nuclei of the auditory pathway is compared with corresponding electrophysiological measurements of the cochlear microphonics potentials, the VIII nerve compound action potential, and evoked potentials of different units of the brain stem and brain.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Relaxant effect of amiloride on canine tracheal smooth muscle.

Amiloride, a K+-sparing diuretic, relaxed canine tracheal smooth muscle strips contracted isometrically with high potassium (KCl), carbachol, serotonin and histamine. This indicated that relaxation was not linked to an interaction with an agonist specific receptor. Amiloride-induced relaxation was also not mediated through the production of relaxant prostaglandins, or by the endogenous release of catecholamines. During potassium contractions, amiloride addition produced a slow monophasic, dose-dependent relaxation (IC50 = 12.3 microM). In carbachol contracted strips, 1 and 10 microM amiloride induced a slow monophasic relaxation. With 35 to 250 microM, an initial rapid phase (IC50 = 75.5 microM) was superimposed onto this slow phase (IC50 = 23.5 microM), producing a biphasic relaxation. The rates of relaxation decreased with increased external [Na+] regardless of stimulus, suggesting possible competitive inhibition of a sodium-dependent process. Exposure caused a rapid decline in tension followed by a recovery phase. Tension maintenance during potassium contraction decreased transiently upon the addition of acid to a much lesser extent. Amiloride (100 microM) depressed tension recovery after acid exposure in both cases. Based on the known actions of this drug, inhibition of the Na+-H+ antiporter appears to be consistent with these data. This suggests amiloride may well belong to a new class of smooth muscle relaxants.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed2004

Aquaporin expression is downregulated in a murine model of colitis and in patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and infectious colitis.

Colitis is associated with alterations in electrolyte and water transport. These changes give rise to some of the symptoms experienced by patients with colitis. Alterations in fluid flux may also contribute to increased susceptibility to mucosal injury. Recently, endogenous water channel proteins (aquaporins; AQPs), have been identified in colonic tissue. The expression of AQP4, AQP7 and AQP8 was examined, via reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, in a murine model of colitis and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or infectious colitis. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by the addition of 2.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) to their drinking water. AQP expression in these mice was assessed following 12 h to 7 days of DSS exposure and during the recovery phase from 1 to 15 days following cessation of DSS exposure. Colonic water transport was measured after 1 and 3 days of DSS and following 7 days of recovery. The expression of AQP4 and AQP8 mRNA was significantly decreased after 12-24 h of DSS exposure and remained depressed throughout the treatment period. Expression of AQP7 was more variable. Protein expression followed a similar pattern to that observed for AQP mRNA. Significant alteration in colonic fluid secretion was correlated with reduced expression of AQP isoforms. Significantly, patients with active ulcerative colonic, Crohn's colitis or infectious colitis had similar dramatic reductions in AQP expression that appeared to be correlated with disease activity. Thus, colonic injury in both mouse and man is associated with a downregulation in AQP expression.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Recovery of body weight following starvation or food restriction in rats.

Recovery of body weight and food intake have been studied and compared after a 25% weight loss produced by total starvation in one group of rats or by food restriction in a second group. It was shown that rats in both groups returned to their initial body weight within the same time on the average, but the hyperphagia observed during the recovery phase was significantly higher in restricted than in starved rats. In the former, the increase of food intake fully accounted for the weight gain. On the contrary, the recovery of body weight in previously starved rats involved both hyperphagia and a long lasting persistence of the fasting hypometabolism. In addition, it was shown that in those rats the higher the contribution of hypometabolism the longer the recovery. Starvation diabetes was higher in starved than in restricted rats and might be one factor which impairs weight regulation through hyperphagia after a weight loss induced by food deprivation.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Acute and delayed effects of diisopropyl fluorophosphate on body temperature, heart rate, and motor activity in the awake, unrestrained rat.

Acute exposure to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) causes irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, leading to various behavioral and autonomic sequelae including hypothermia, reduced motor activity, and other neurological dysfunctions. To characterize the acute response and recovery of autonomic and behavioral processes to DFP exposure, rats of the Long-Evans strain were implanted with radiotransmitters that allowed the monitoring of core temperature, heart rate, and motor activity in unrestrained animals 24 h/d. These parameters were monitored for 96 h following subcutaneous injection of DFP at a dose of 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg. Rats given 0 and 0.1 mg/kg DFP displayed an increase in core temperature and motor activity during the first 24 h postinjection. The 1.0 mg/kg group showed a typical hypothermic response for the first 24 h following DFP administration. Core temperature decreased a maximum of 1.9 degrees C by 5 h after DFP and then started to recover, reaching control levels by 17 h after DFP treatment. Motor activity was also depressed during the first 24-h period in the 1.0 mg/kg group. Heart rate was initially elevated above basal levels in all treatment groups for several hours after treatment, but the 1.0 mg/kg group showed a decrease in heart rate at the time when core temperature began its recovery from hypothermia. Core temperature was the only parameter significantly affected by DFP during the 24-96 h recovery phase. The 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg groups showed a significant elevation in core temperature for the 3 d after DFP administration. The elevation in core temperature during the recovery from DFP treatment may represent an important facet of the acute cholinergic neurotoxicity of organophosphate compounds.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thallium pulmonary scintigraphy. Relationship to pulmonary fluid volumes during left atrial hypertension and the acute release of pressure.

To evaluate the relationship between thallium-201 lung activity and pulmonary fluid volumes, we compared thallium pulmonary scintigrams with measures of intravascular (PBV), extravascular (EVLW) and total lung water (TLW) during gradual left atrial (LA) hypertension and then serially after the acute release of pressure. The study group was composed of nine mongrel dogs who were each studied at seven levels of elevated LA pressure, and then every 15 minutes for 2 hours after the acute release of pressure. During LA pressure (congestion phase) elevation, lung counts (normalized for myocardial activity), correlated best with TLW (r = .91), rather than PBV (r = .84) or EVLW (r = .81). After the release of pressure (recovery phase), lung counts correlated well with EVLW (r = .92) and TLW (r = .82), but not with PBV (r = .28). Postmortem lung counts from 197 separate lung sections correlated well with the corresponding wet weight/dry weight ratio from that section (r = .81). Thus, we conclude that changes in pulmonary thallium emissions during cardiogenic pulmonary edema relate to corresponding changes in pulmonary fluid volumes. During congestion, the confounding effects of nonlinear increases in EVLW and PBV make thallium emissions more a marker of TLW than either the intravascular or extravascular pulmonary fluid compartment. After pressure release, PBV immediately returns to normal, at which time EVLW and pulmonary emissions correlate closely. These latter data, more applicable to postexercise stress thallium data, lend support to the hypothesis that elevated pulmonary emissions during postexercise thallium scintigrams reflect elevations in EVLW that develop during exercise.

Animals↗