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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Doppler evaluation of the fetal arterial circulation: reference values of the Resistance Index and Pulsatility Index between the 28th and 41st weeks of gestation].

The authors established reference ranges for the Resistance Index and the Pulsatility Index of the umbilical artery, the fetal descending aorta and the middle cerebral artery in order to facilitate the uniform evaluation of the Doppler ultrasound examination in obstetrics. 164 patients with uncomplicated pregnancies between the 28th and 41st weeks of gestation were recruited for the longitudinal assessment of Doppler Resistance Indices and Pulsatility Indices in the fetal and umbilical arteries. Data were retrospectively analysed in order to establish the weekly mean values and standard deviations. The mean values of the indices in three periods (I.: 28-31, II.: 32-36, III.: 37-41 weeks) were compared. The normal haemodynamic resistance is reflected by the Doppler indices within the weekly mean +/- 2SD range. The results designate decreasing haemodynamic impedance in the umbilical and in the middle cerebral arteries while the resistance to the blood flow in the abdominal aorta is constant throughout the third trimester of gestation. The introduction and the clinical application of the reference values provides appropriate interpretation of the physiologic fetal blood flow patterns which is the prerequisite of the diagnostic accuracy of the Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1980

[Normal reference values in frequently carried out laboratory analyses hematologic cytology and blood coagulation)].

In 310 individuals (165 men and 145 women) significant pathological processes were exluded by reference to the patient's history, by physical investigation and by detailed laboratory tests (clinical chemistry, hematological cytology and most important coagulation analyses). Hematological laboratory values were then evaluated for age and sex differences, and in women according to menstruation versus post-menopause an oral contraception. Only the well known sex-specific differences in hematocrit values, hemoglobin and red cell counts were statistically highly significant (Z > 10). All other hematological values were pooled after exclusion of methodological errors. According to the non-symmetrical distribution of hematological laboratory values, percentiles were calculated. The 2.5 to 97.5 percentiles thus established now serve as "normal hematological reference values" for our laboratory.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Reference values for serum zinc and selenium of French healthy children.

Age - and sex-specific reference intervals derived from a healthy pediatric population are presented for zinc, selenium and related analytes in serum. No strong correlations were found between age, sex and trace elements in serum. Serum variables were discussed to assess their ability as biochemical indicators of micronutrient status in the field of biological epidemiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical chemistry reference values of normal domestic animals in various age groups--as determined on the ABA-100.

Reference (normal) ranges for alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, urea nitrogen, chloride, cholesterol, total carbon dioxide, creatine phosphokinase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, glucose, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate and aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and triglycerides were established for cattle, sheep, pigs, ponies and ducks by use of the ABA-100 and A-Gent reagents (Abbott Laboratories). Most of the results agreed with those in the literature where methods were similar. Results were divided according to age for all species except ducks. Differences were noted between age groups with certain tests. The day-to-day reproducibility of control sera results are also presented.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Doppler flow velocities in children with controlled hydrocephalus: reference values for the diagnosis of blocked cerebrospinal fluid shunts.

Doppler flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery of children with blocked cerebrospinal fluid shunts show changes that can be used as a non-invasive method for assessing shunt function. The velocities also change with age, and the purpose of this study was to define a reference range of values for children with controlled hydrocephalus. Flow velocities were measured in 248 asymptomatic children with shunts and an age-reference range was derived. Twenty children were subsequently admitted with suspected shunt malfunction and 11 of these required a shunt revision. On admission 9 of the 11 children requiring operation had Doppler values outside the reference range, whereas none of the children whose symptoms settled without surgery had abnormal values. The reference range will facilitate the use of transcranial Doppler for the assessment of children with suspected shunt malfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Reference values for a field test to estimate inadequate glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium status in the blood of cattle.

A clinical screening procedure was developed for estimating glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and selenium status in the blood of dairy and beef cattle. The test is based on the rate of defluorescence under long waveform UV irradiation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in a coupled enzyme reaction involving glutathione reductase. Defluorescence rates were significantly correlated with blood GSH-Px activity and blood selenium concentrations as determined by conventional laboratory procedures. Blood selenium concentrations and blood GSH-Px activity in several herds were compared with the selenium content of the complete ration consumed to establish reference or base-line values for these blood characteristics under field conditions. The GSH-Px screening procedure provides rapid results, is relatively inexpensive, and appears to be useful in differentiating between the reference values and grossly inadequate selenium status in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prediction equations for forced spirometry from European origin populations. Barcelona Collaborative Group on Reference Values for Pulmonary Function Testing and the Spanish Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.

The objective of this study was the analysis of five sets of reference equations for forced spirometry (Crapo et al., ECSC, Knudson et al., Paoletti et al. and Roca et al.) using measurements of FVC and FEV1 obtained in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) in Spain. Standardized forced spirometry was measured in 998 non-asthmatic subjects (20-44 years), randomly selected from the general population, participating in the ECRHS in four different Spanish cities. Observed minus predicted values for both FVC and FEV1 were examined for each set of predicted equations. Observed FVC (4448 +/- 980 ml) and FEV1 (3715 +/- 813 ml) showed a good agreement with values predicted by Roca et al. (99% and 101%, respectively). The mean observed minus predicted difference (residual) for FVC and FEV1 were -34 +/- 527 ml and 30 +/- 455 ml, respectively. The regression line between observed and predicted values was not different from the identity line for both FVC and FEV1. These results indicate that reference values obtained by Roca et al. are useful for the assessment of the ventilatory capacity in the general population of Spain. In addition, the study indicates that discrepancies among the reference equations from different authors compared in the present study are unlikely to be due to ethnic differences within European origin populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Optimizing reference values for the measurement of alpha 1-antitrypsin in serum: comparison of three methods.

We studied three methods (rate nephelometry, radial immunodiffusion, and trypsin-inhibitory capacity) for their ability to detect those individuals with a deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin. The phenotype represented in 170 serum samples was determined by isoelectric focusing as the reference method. All three methods correctly identified Pi Z, Pi S, and Pi SZ phenotypes but varied in their ability to detect Pi MZ and Pi MS phenotypes. The rate-nephelometric method was the least sensitive in detecting Pi MZ and Pi MS variants because of the inappropriately low reference interval suggested by the manufacturer. We found that the three screening methods are comparable when the limiting values are properly selected. We suggest that the reference value for the rate-nephelometric method be increased from 0.85 g/L to 1.40 g/L to improve the sensitivity of the test.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Age-related reference values for urinary excretion of sialic acid and deoxysialic acid: application to diagnosis of storage disorders of free sialic acid.

We have established by HPLC age-related reference intervals for sialic acid urinary excretion in 364 control individuals to assist in evaluating the clinical significance of the free sialic acid concentration in urine. In addition, an HPLC method for quantitative analysis of free deoxysialic acid was developed, and age-related reference intervals for excretion of this compound in urine were established. In patients with storage disorders of free sialic acid (n = 11) the sialic acid excretion was increased 2- to 35-fold, compared with the mean value of the control subjects in the corresponding age group, and exceeded the interval in each case. The excretion of deoxysialic acid was within the reference interval in all of the patients, indicating that its metabolism was not affected in the disorders. The age-related reference values assist in evaluating the excretion of free sialic acid in the diagnosis of storage disorders of free sialic acid, especially in young children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Lysozyme concentration in tears--assessment of reference values in normal subjects.

The lysozyme content of tears in 126 healthy persons (249 samples) was studied by an initial rate immunoturbidimetric method. The lysozyme values kept a logarithmic distribution with logarithmic mean 1568 mg/l and median 1530 mg/l. The arithmetic mean with standard deviation was 1678 +/- 633 mg/l. Lower lysozyme concentrations were observed in elderly people and children than in adults, but the concentration distributions in different age groups overlapped considerably. Statistically, the difference between the age groups less than or equal to 60 years and over 60 years was almost significant (P = 0.012). No significant differences occurred between the sexes. Values within +/- 2 SD from the logarithmic mean were included in the reference material. For 10-60-year-old persons, the reference range is 750-3300 mg/l and over 60 years old 650-2900 mg/l.

Adolescent↗