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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

VDR and NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis among the Chinese Han population: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Chinese Han population. DESIGN: In an unmatched case-control study, 120 well defined PTB patients and 240 unrelated normal controls were enrolled. Information on potential risk factors of PTB was collected using a standard questionnaire. Genetic polymorphisms of VDR gene (TaqI and FokI) and NRAMP1 gene (INT4, D543N and 3'UTR) were analysed using PCR and RFLP. Unconditional logistic regression was performed, and odds ratios (ORs), their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and P values were estimated using maximum likelihood methods. RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated that FokI-ff homozygotes, D543N G/A and 3'UTR TGTG+/del heterozygotes occurred more frequently in patients than in controls. The crude ORs were 2.345 (95%CI 1.222-4.499), 2.590 (95%CI 1.043-6.434) and 1.890 (95%CI 1.171-3.051), respectively, compared with their corresponding common genotypes. The P values were 0.033, 0.041 and 0.030, respectively. After adjusting for exposure history and BCG immunisation in the multivariate analysis, the adjusted ORs were 4.625 (95%CI 1.737-12.312), 2.415 (95%CI 1.079-8.759) and 2.187 (95%CI 1.146-4.175), with P values of 0.002, 0.036 and 0.018, respectively. Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis disclosed any significant association between the disease and TaqI or INT4. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in the VDR and NRAMP1 gene are statistically associated with susceptibility to PTB in the Chinese Han population.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in West Africa: a case-control and family study.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), but reports have been inconsistent. We genotyped the VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI in 1139 case patients and control subjects and 382 families from The Gambia, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau. The transmission-disequilibrium test on family data showed a significant global association of TB with SNP combinations FokI-BsmI-ApaI-TaqI and FokI-ApaI that were driven by the increased transmission to affected offspring of the FokI F and ApaI A alleles in combination. The ApaI A allele was also transmitted to affected offspring significantly more often than expected. Case-control analysis showed no statistically significant association between TB and VDR variants. BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI showed strong linkage disequilibrium. The significance of the family-based associations found between TB and FokI-BsmI-ApaI-TaqI and the FA haplotype supports a role for VDR haplotypes, rather than individual genotypes, in susceptibility to TB.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor in systemic lupus erythematosus: effects of disease activity and infection.

Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) was measured in patients with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The concentration of sIL2R was higher in inactive SLE than in normal controls and was significantly increased in active compared with inactive SLE. When patients with active SLE were followed up serially it was found that the sIL2R concentration fell when the disease became inactive. There was no statistically significant association between sIL2R and the grades of disease activity, however. In patients with either active or inactive SLE and infection the sIL2R concentration was much higher than in those without infection. Chronic infection (tuberculosis or candida) was associated with a much higher concentration of sIL2R than pyogenic or herpes zoster infection. The sIL2R concentration helps to distinguish infection in patients with SLE.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caspase 1 and caspase 8 in HIV infected patients with and without tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Caspase 8 is involved in apoptosis mediated by Fas and p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor ligation in HIV infection. Apoptosis is partially mediated by interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (caspase-1). AIMS: We determined apoptosis, using caspase-1 and caspase-8, among patients with HIV infection, with and without tuberculosis (TB), those with TB alone and healthy individuals. SETTING AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of caspase-1 and caspase-8 among patients with HIV infection, with and without TB, those with TB alone and healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen HIV infected patients with TB (HIV+/TB+) and 20 with HIV infection without TB (HIV+/TB-) were studied. Fifteen individuals with TB alone were disease controls (HIV-/TB+) and 20 were healthy controls (HIV-/TB-). Caspases were measured by single-step ELISA using commercially available monoclonal antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Two-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Mean CD4 counts of HIV+/TB+ were lower than HIV+/TB- (p<0.05). OD value of caspase 1 in HIV+/TB+ was 0.295+0.05, while that in HIV+/TB- it was 0.302+0.18. It was 0.293+0.07 in HIV-/TB+ and in HIV-/TB- the values were 0.287+0.06. OD value of caspase 8 in HIV+/TB+ was 0.307+ 0.07, lower than HIV+/TB- (0.927+0.25). It was 0.008+0.03 in HIV-/TB+ and in HIV-/TB-, 0.074+0.004. Values of caspase 8 in patients with HIV infection (with/without TB) were higher than those with TB alone or healthy individuals (p<0.01). Levels of caspase 8 in HIV+/TB- were higher than patients with HIV+/TB+ (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Levels of caspase-1 are not different irrespective of presence or otherwise of TB and HIV infection. Fas-related apoptosis is higher in HIV infection. With concomitant TB, levels of caspase 8 were lower as compared with those without TB.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The average annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a calculated average from an observed prevalence of infection, approximating the incidence of infection. It has the potential to be informative about the extent of transmission in a community. Where serial surveys are available, secular trends in transmission might be ascertained. The prerequisite for calculating the average annual risk is the successful determination of the prevalence of infection. Difficulties arising with tuberculin skin-test surveys include logistical problems in sampling a representative portion of the population. Therefore, a compromise assesses the prevalence of infection among school children as an indicator of transmission in the community at large. The utilisation of tuberculin surveys is further compounded by the unpredictable specificity of the tuberculin skin test and, thus, the predictive value of a positive test result. Statistical approaches using mixture analysis may overcome this problem to some extent, but the experience is limited. Cytokine-derived assays, such as the interferon-gamma release assays, are promising in providing higher specificity, but they require venepuncture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A novel thiocationic liposomal formulation of antisense oligonucleotides with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

This study describes the development of a novel thiocationic (OBEHYTOP) lipid-based formulation of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (PAOs) showing inhibitory activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mTB) as measured by an in vitro BACTEC 460TB assay. PAOs were designed based on sequences complementary to essential regions of the mycobacterial genome from published nucleic acid databases in GenBank. These included the superoxide dismutase sod A gene (TBS3), catalase-peroxidase katG gene (TBK1, TBK10), RNA polymerase beta-subunit rpo B gene (TBR5) and diaminopimelate decarboxylase lys A gene (TBL5). The effect of PAOs (TBS3, K1, K10, R5 and L5) alone on mTB was not significant compared with the no-drug control over a period of exposure of 150 h (ranges of -11.8 to +23.58% at 72 h; 15.26 to +25.82% at 96 h and -5.51 to +24.00% at 150 h). Liposomal formulations (10:5:2 OBEHYTOP:oleic acid:vitamin D3) of PAOs resulted in statistically significant (p < 0.05 in all cases) inhibition (ranges of -51.45 to -63.00% at 72 h; -56.75 to -67.96% at 96 h; -51.45 to -60.26% at 150 h) compared with PAOs alone, thiocationic liposomal control and liposomal components. Positive controls of streptomycin and isoniazid used at their minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2.00 and 0.10 microM, respectively, resulted in average % inhibition values of -94% and -97.36%, respectively, indicating that these thiocationic lipid-formulated PAOs showed inhibitory activity directed against mTB in vitro.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Guanylate kinase, induced fit, and the allosteric spring probe.

Since the introduction of the induced-fit theory by D. E. Koshland Jr., it has been established that conformational motion invariably accompanies the execution of protein function. The catalytic activity of kinases, specifically, is associated with large conformational changes ( approximately 1 nm amplitude). In the case of guanylate kinase, upon substrate binding, the LID and nucleotide-monophosphate-binding domains are brought together and toward the CORE with large concerted movements about the alpha3 (helix 3) axis. However, whether the change in conformation mostly affects the catalytic rate or mostly increases binding affinities for one or the other substrate is unclear. We investigate this question using a nanotechnology approach based on mechanical stress. Using an "allosteric spring probe", we bias conformational states in favor of the "open" (substrate-free) conformation of the enzyme; the result is that the binding constant for the substrate guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is reduced by up to a factor of 10, whereas the binding constant for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the catalytic rate are essentially unaffected. The results show that the GMP-induced conformational change, which promotes catalysis, does not promote ATP binding, consistent with previous mutagenesis studies. Furthermore, they show that this conformational change is of the induced-fit type with respect to GMP binding (but not ATP binding). We elaborate on this point by proposing a quantitative criterion for the classification of conformational changes with respect to the induced-fit theory. More generally, these results show that the allosteric spring probe can be used to affect enzymatic activity in a continuously controlled manner, and also to affect specific steps of the reaction mechanism while leaving others unaffected. It is presumed that this will enable informative comparisons with the results of future molecular dynamics or statistical mechanics computations.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Risk factors for primary lung cancer among non-smoking women in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: Although cigarette smoking is considered to be the most important cause of lung cancer, smoking behaviour cannot fully explain the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Taiwanese women, who rarely smoke but contract lung cancer relatively often. There are other causes of lung cancer that have produced variability in lung cancer incidence. METHODS: A case-control study involving interviews with 117 female patients (including 106 non-smoking) suffering from lung cancer and the same number of individually matched hospital controls was conducted in Kaohsiung, Taiwan between 1992 and 1993. The questionnaire administered to cases and controls collected information on cigarette smoking and suspected risk factors for lung cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to assess smoking for all women and suspected risk factors for non-smoking women. RESULTS: The relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer was statistically significant although only a small proportion (9.4%) of female patients had smoked. However, the risk of contracting cancer for non-smoking women appears to be associated with certain cooking practices, especially preparing meals in kitchens not equipped with a fume extractor at cooking age of 20-40 years (odds ratio [OR] = 8.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-22.7. These factors and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis plus low consumption of fresh vegetables explained 78% of the summary attributable risks for non-smoking women in a multivariate logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to fumes from cooking oils, when not reduced by an extractor, may be an important factor in causing lung cancer in non-smoking Taiwanese women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Viability, heat stability and immunogenicity of four BCG vaccines prepared from four different BCG strains.

Four BCG strains, French 1173-P2, Danish 1331, Japanese 172 and Glaxo-1077, among those most widely used throughout the world for tuberculosis vaccination, were prepared according to the respective conditions in each BCG-production unit. These 16 vaccine preparations were distributed and compared using standardized in vitro and in vivo conditions, based on optical density and bacillary mass/ml. The results presented in this report concern only the 4 freeze-dried BCG strains prepared by the Institut Pasteur BCG unit. It is shown that these 4 preparations differ in their in vitro characteristics such as growth, morphology, heat stability and viability, tested by colony-forming units and the ATP content. In addition, statistically significant differences were observed in biological control tests performed in guinea-pigs and mice when they were immunized with the same concentrations of 4 reconstituted vaccines. For instance, in tests measuring hallmarks of cell-mediated immunity--such as local granuloma formation, spleen index, delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin, and non-specific immunopotentiation to unrelated antigen--a ranking order of relative immunopotency of the four strains was made, giving the following classification in decreasing order: French 1173-P2, Danish 1331, Japanese 172 and Glaxo-1077. Specific acquired resistance after BCG vaccination in mice was obtained with all four vaccines. However, higher protection was observed in mice vaccinated with Glaxo-1077 and French 1173-P2 strains. No obvious correlation existed between the intensity of cellular post-vaccination resistance and the above CMI tests, except those concerning the three-week index of BCG infection measured in the spleen, which correlated with the protection test.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

Tuberculosis among European patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The AIDS in Europe Study Group.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with tuberculosis in Europe; to assess the incidence and risk factors of tuberculosis after AIDS; to compare survival of AIDS patients with and without extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) at the time of AIDS diagnosis. DESIGN: Multicentric retrospective cohort study of 6544 AIDS patients diagnosed in 52 clinical centres and 17 European countries. METHODS: Description of patient characteristics and comparisons of tuberculosis incidence and mortality after AIDS with multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: 14.6% of AIDS patients had tuberculosis and 78% of those with tuberculosis had EPTB. EPTB was the AIDS-defining condition in 8.7% of the patients. Tuberculosis incidence after AIDS was 3.1 per 100 person-years. Age, gender and HIV-transmission category were not significantly associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis and the strongest risk factor for both EPTB and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was the region of origin. The adjusted hazard ratio of EPTB and PTB in Southern Europe compared to Northern Europe were 5.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.0-6.1) and 2.0 (CI: 1.4-2.7) respectively. The apparent survival advantage of AIDS patients with EPTB compared to patients diagnosed with other conditions (median survival time: 22 vs 16 months) was statistically not significant when confounding variables were adjusted for (Hazard ratio: 0.85; CI: 0.62-1.07). CONCLUSIONS: In Europe, there are large differences in the incidence of tuberculosis among AIDS patients in different countries. They do not seem to be due to differences in age or in the prevalence of injecting drug use and likely reflect differences in the prevalence of tuberculosis infection. The role of recent transmission should also be considered, and national tuberculosis control efforts and Europe-wide surveillance need to be reinforced accordingly.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Activity of capuramycin analogues against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare in vitro and in vivo.

OBJECTIVES: The antimycobacterial activities of RS-112997, RS-124922 and RS-118641, three capuramycin analogues that inhibit phospho-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide translocase, were tested against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. METHODS AND RESULTS: MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method using a modified Middlebrook 7H9 broth. RS-118641 was the most potent compound overall. The MIC50/90 (mg/L) results for RS-118641 were: M. tuberculosis, 1/2; multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis, 0.5/2; M. avium, 4/8; and M. intracellulare, 0.06/0.5. No statistically significant differences in MIC distributions were observed between non-MDR and MDR M. tuberculosis for any of the capuramycin analogues tested. In order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of RS-112997 and RS-124922 in a murine lung model of tuberculosis, both compounds were administered intranasally at 0.1 or 1 mg/mouse/day for 12 days. The mycobacterial load in the lungs was significantly lower in all treatment groups than in the untreated controls. Additional experiments were performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the three compounds against the M. intracellulare infection in mice. All compounds were administered intranasally at 0.1 mg/mouse/day for 21 days. The mycobacterial load in the lungs was significantly lower in all treatment groups than in the untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that capuramycin analogues exhibit strong antimycobacterial potential and should be considered for further evaluation in the treatment of M. tuberculosis and M. avium-M. intracellulare complex infections in humans.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1997

[Tuberculosis infection prevalence in children younger than 7 years of age in Cantabria. What is the recommended periodicity for the tuberculin tes?].

OBJECTIVE: Because of the disparity between the recommendations regarding age and frequency for the realization of tuberculin testing during childhood, a study of tuberculous infection prevalence according to age was made in order to establish at which ages tuberculin testing would be recommendable and to determine if there is a difference in prevalence between vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study was carried out by performing annual tuberculin tests (4,454) using the Mantoux technique on 1,710 boys and girls between 1 and 6 years of age. Of these, 796 (46.54%) had been vaccinated with BCG at birth. Children on which a diagnostic tuberculin test had been carried out were excluded from the study. Indurations larger or equal to 10mm were considered positive, in vaccinated as well as in non-vaccinated children, until the publication and adoption of the criterion recommended by the National Concensus for Tuberculosis Control in Spain in 1992. Thereafter, indurations larger or equal to 5 mm in non-vaccinated children and larger than 14 mm in vaccinates children were considered positive. RESULTS: The prevalence of tuberculosis infection was 0.49%, 1.87%, and 6,66% at one, 4 and 6 years of age, respectively, in non-vaccinated children and 0.31%, 2.25% and 8,69% at the same ages in vaccinated children was compared and no statistically significant difference was found. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the realization of tuberculin tests at one and 4 years of age and show that, in our medium, vaccinated children have a tuberculous infection prevalence during early childhood similar to their non-vaccinated counterparts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

The immunoserological diagnosis of tuberculosis: a comparison of two tests.

A comparative study of the diagnostic value of the ICT-TB test and the TB-Dot test, based on laboratory examination, was carried out in 39 patients suffering from sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis (25 males and 14 females, aged 16-50 years) and in 48 patients (27 males and 21 females, aged 17-55 years) suffering from non-tuberculosis pulmonary diseases, that had attended the Tembagapura Hospital and the TB Control Health Center Timika-Mimika, Papua. The diagnostic sensitivity of the ICT-TB test was 87.18%, the diagnostic specificity was 81.25%, the diagnostic positive predictive value was 79.07%, the negative predictive value was 88.64%, and the diagnostic efficiency was 83.91%. The diagnostic sensitivity of the TB-Dot test was 93.31%, the diagnostic specificity was 95.83%, the diagnostic positive predictive value was 94.74%, the negative predictive value was 93.85%, and the diagnostic efficiency was 94.25%. The results of the statistical analysis of the data obtained in this study revealed that the diagnostic specificity, the diagnostic positive predictive value and the diagnostic efficiency of the TB-Dot test were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the ICT-TB test. However, the diagnostic sensitivity and the negative predictive value of both tests did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Viewed from the point of their practicability, it can be justified that the ICT-TB test is a very practicable test, which needs only 15 minutes and does not require special instruments to perform the test, but is more expensive than the TB-Dot test. On the other hand, though the TB-Dot test is not very practicable and relatively time consuming, it has a significantly higher degree of diagnostic value and is much cheaper when compared to the ICT-TB test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Consensus statement. Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country. WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk and prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and tuberculosis (TB) incidence, prevalence, and mortality, including disease attributable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for 212 countries in 1997. PARTICIPANTS: A panel of 86 TB experts and epidemiologists from more than 40 countries was chosen by the World Health Organization (WHO), with final agreement being reached between country experts and WHO staff. EVIDENCE: Incidence of TB and mortality in each country was determined by (1) case notification to the WHO, (2) annual risk of infection data from tuberculin surveys, and (3) data on prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary disease from prevalence surveys. Estimates derived from relatively poor data were strongly influenced by panel member opinion. Objective estimates were derived from high-quality data collected recently by approved procedures. CONSENSUS PROCESS: Agreement was reached by (1) participants reviewing methods and data and making provisional estimates in closed workshops held at WHO's 6 regional offices, (2) principal authors refining estimates using standard methods and all available data, and (3) country experts reviewing and adjusting these estimates and reaching final agreement with WHO staff. CONCLUSIONS: In 1997, new cases of TB totaled an estimated 7.96 million (range, 6.3 million-11.1 million), including 3.52 million (2.8 million-4.9 million) cases (44%) of infectious pulmonary disease (smear-positive), and there were 16.2 million (12.1 million-22.5 million) existing cases of disease. An estimated 1.87 million (1.4 million-2.8 million) people died of TB and the global case fatality rate was 23% but exceeded 50% in some African countries with high HIV rates. Global prevalence of MTB infection was 32% (1.86 billion people). Eighty percent of all incident TB cases were found in 22 countries, with more than half the cases occurring in 5 Southeast Asian countries. Nine of 10 countries with the highest incidence rates per capita were in Africa. Prevalence of MTB/HIV coinfection worldwide was 0.18% and 640000 incident TB cases (8%) had HIV infection. The global burden of tuberculosis remains enormous, mainly because of poor control in Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and eastern Europe, and because of high rates of M tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in some African countries.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of adverse effects in corticosteroid dependent asthmatics.

Eighty-five corticosteroid dependent patients with respiratory diseases requiring alternate day prednisone were studied for certain adverse effects that have been reported to be associated with corticosteroid therapy. The mean age of the patients was 52 years, the average years of prednisone therapy was 5.3, and the mean dose of alternate day prednisone was 26.2 mg. In this group of 85 patients the prevalence of hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, pathologic fractures and psychosis was not statistically increased over that of the general population. None of the patients was diagnosed as having steroid-induced psychosis, pancreatitis or tuberculosis. One patient developed aseptic necrosis of the hip; however, she received daily prednisone for approximately 3.2 years before being converted to an alternate day schedule. Our results demonstrate that alternate day corticosteroid therapy can be used without significant risk of adverse effects in patients in whom it is essential for control of respiratory disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV infected patients from South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the spectrum of pulmonary disease in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients of African and European origin, with particular reference to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. DESIGN: Descriptive study with retrospective record review. SETTING: Tertiary care, university teaching hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Sixty seven HIV-infected patients and 36 HIV-negative renal transplant patients (who served as controls) whose sputa were negative for tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii, and who had fibreoptic bronchoscopic evaluation for pulmonary disease between January 1985 and August 1992. MEASUREMENTS: Histological and cytological evaluation of pulmonary diseases. RESULTS: In the HIV infected group Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most frequent disease in patients of both African and European origin but occurred less commonly in Africans than in Europeans (27.3% and 58.8%, respectively; p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between patients of African and European origin in the frequency of any other diagnosis. In the renal transplant group the most frequent diagnosis was non-specific interstitial pneumonitis (Africans 33.3%, Europeans 37.0%), followed by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (Africans 22.2%, European 14.8%). There was no difference between HIV-infected and renal transplant patients in the frequency of any diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be considered in the diagnosis of HIV-infected African patients with pulmonary disease whose sputum smears for tuberculosis are negative.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Symptomatology and chest roentgenographic changes of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetics.

Symptoms and chest x-ray findings in 28 diabetics and 38 non diabetics with pulmonary tuberculosis were compared. The two groups of patients were age and sex-matched. There was no statistical difference in respiratory or constitutional symptoms between the two groups. Distribution of chest x-ray involvement including cavitary disease was again similar in the two groups of patients. These findings are contrary to previous reports and beliefs that diabetics were less symptomatic and that x-ray findings were more frequent in lower lung fields.

Adult↗