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PubMedDate not supplied

[X-ray and ultrasonic diagnosis of noninflammatory benign diseases of the gallbladder].

The author analyzes the results of x-ray (cholecystography) and ultrasonic examinations carried out in patients with noninflammatory benign diseases of the gallbladder (71 with cholesterosis and 28 with adenomyomatosis). X-ray and ultrasonic symptoms of these conditions are presented and the diagnostic potentialities of both methods in the detection of such diseases assessed. The author considers ultrasonic scanning the method of choice for the diagnosis of any forms of gallbladder cholesterosis, whereas an x-ray examination appears to be informative only in a polypous form of the disease. X-ray contrast examination is preferable for the recognition of gallbladder adenomyomatosis, for it presents a clear-cut pattern characteristic of each form of this condition, whereas ultrasonic symptoms of such involvement are nonspecific.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurement in kidney stones: correlation to constituents and hardness.

In this investigation, ultrasonic parameters of kidney stones are measured, in vitro, using a double probe ultrasonic-through-transmission technique. Due to the complex chemical structure of these stones, a large variation in the values of the ultrasonic parameters is found. A correlation between ultrasonic properties and variation in pathology of the renal calculi is also discussed.

Acoustics↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical manifestation and ultrasonic characteristics of five patients with acute arsenic poisoning].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical manifestation and ultrasonic characteristics of liver, kidney and heart of five patients with acute arsenic poisoning. METHODS: The activity of serum myocardial enzymes, function of liver and kidney, and urinary As concentrations were measured. HDI 3000 Enhanced, and Toshiba 38A two dimensional ultrasound was used to examine the ultrasonic echogram of heart, liver, kidney of the patients. RESULTS: (1) The arsenic concentrations in the urine (1.9 approximately 15.6 micromol/L) were higher than the normal value (1.17 micromol/L) in these patients (blood dialytic fluid of one patient with anuria was measured); (2) Four of them had increased WBC, or anemia, and abnormal urine routine to various degree; (3) The activities of serum myocardial enzymes (CK, AST, LDH and HBDH) in 4 patients were at least 2 items increased; (4) Serum bilirubin and urea nitrogen in all patients were increased; (5) The ultrasonic echogram of liver and kidney in these 5 patients showed abnormality to various degree, one of them had slight enlargements in left atrium and ventricle as well as a little pericardial fluid. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestation and ultrasonic characteristics of liver, kidney, and heart were consistent with the pathologic changes in acute arsenic poisoning. Early blood dialysis may reduce visceral damage.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2003

[Using ultrasonically activated scalpels as major instrument for vessel dividing and bleeding control in minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To establish new techniques on the control of vessel dividing and bleeding in minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgeries. METHODS: One hundred and seventy volunteer patients with nodular goiter, adenoma and Graves' disease consecutively received the endoscopic thyroid operation according to Miccoli's mode from April 2002 to June 2003. The approach was designed to use ultrasonically activated scalpels [Harmonic Scalpel (R), Johnson & Johnson, USA] as a major, suction-dissector or others as supplementary instruments during the whole process. During the operations, two methods, "sequenced dissect-coagulate-cut" and "pre-coagulation + interlaced cut-suck-coagulate-dissect", were employed and separately evaluated for their safety or efficacy. RESULTS: All of the procedures, except that 2 (their lesions were proven to be "cancer" by frozen section and need different treatment), were successfully completed. None of them were interrupted and converted to open surgery due to uncontrolled bleeding or severe postoperative hematoma. Branches of major thyroid vessels can be directly divided by ultrasonic scalpel without ligation or using hemoclips, supposing the technique of "sequenced dissect-coagulate-cut" method was strictly used. Bleeding during intra-gland dissection can be effectively controlled by the combined techniques of precoagulation of the vessels and the capsule vessel network near and around the incision, and then, by coordinating manipulation with a special multiple functional ultrasonic scalpel and a suction-dissector, supposing the technique of "interlaced cut-suck-coagulate-dissect" was properly employed. CONCLUSIONS: Using ultrasonic scalpels as major, suction-dissector or others as supplementary instruments, manipulating cooperatively during the whole process, can be an ideal fashion in the site of a narrow gasless working space via a small single incision in anterio-inferior neck. And this may dramatically simplify the manipulation, and hence greatly reduce the operative difficulty. The reforms resolved two key technique problems in Miccoli's endoscopic operation: vessel-dividing and bleeding-control, therefore, laying a sound basis for the clinical application of this special approach.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Ultrasonic testing of reactive powder concrete.

Concrete is a critical material for the construction of infrastructure facilities throughout the world. Traditional concretes consist of cement paste and aggregates ranging in size from 6 to 25 mm that form a heterogeneous material with substantial compressive strength and a very low tensile strength. Steel reinforcement is used to provide tensile strength for reinforced concrete structures and as a composite the material is useful for structural applications. A new material known as reactive powder concrete (RPC) is becoming available. It differs significantly from traditional concrete; RPC has no large aggregates, and contains small steel fibers that provide additional strength and, in some cases, can replace traditional steel reinforcement. Due to its high density and lack of aggregates, ultrasonic inspections at frequencies 10 to 20 times that of traditional concrete inspections are possible. This paper reports on the initial findings of research conducted to determine the applicability of ultrasonic testing techniques for the condition assessment of RPC. Pulse velocities for shear and longitudinal waves and ultrasonic measurement of the modulus of elasticity for RPC are reported. Ultrasonic crack detection for RPC also is investigated.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of manual and ultrasonic subgingival scaling using image analysis]

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of hand and ultrasonic instrumentation in removing subgingival plaque and calculus.In experiment one,forty-eight teeth from patients were randomly assigned to be scaled with curettes or ultrasonic scaler.Probing depth,clinical attachment level and bleeding index were reexamined 2 months latter.The results demonstrated that no significant differences between the two mehtods.In experiment two,seventeen teeth from six patient were also randomly scaled manualty ultrasonic or uninstrumented as a control.All these teeth were extracted immediately after subgingival scaling.The proportion of tooth surfaces covered by residual plaque and calculus(relative to the total surface area of the side of the tooth)was analysed on each tooth using computerized graphic processing.The findings showed the proportional areas of residual plaque and calculus in teeth.But the hand scaled root surface were much smoother than those treated with ultrasonic scaler.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

[Ultrasonic examination of gastric stump and gastroenteroanastomosis in complex diagnosis of postresection dumping syndrome].

Long-term results of laparoscopic resections of the stomach were studied, a comparative analysis with similar open surgeries was carried out. The comparative analysis was based on the results of ultrasonic examination (USE) of the gastric stump (GS) and gastroenteroanastomosis (GEA). Basing on ultrasonic parameters of GS, digital parameters of GEA in mild, moderate and severe degree of dumping-syndrome were determined. Ultrasonic examinations of the gastric stump permitted to study its function in dumping-syndrome of different degree, to reveal sizes of GEA in relaxation and contraction stage, and based on these data to determine its gradients of contractility. Ultrasonic method in long-term period after resection of the stomach has advantages compared with gastroscopic and X-ray methods.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed2005

[Ultrasonic technologies in diagnosis and surgery planning in patients with nodular pathologies of the thyroid gland].

Twenty patients of the control group without pathology of the thyroid gland were examined for development of the method of 3D-ultrasonic reconstruction and 3D-angiography. The study group consisted of 74 patients with nodular pathologies of the thyroid gland, 53 of them underwent surgery. Ultrasonic data was compared with results of clinical and laboratory studies, puncture biopsy and intraoperative data. Three-dimensional ultrasonic pictures permitted to detect spatial orientation of the nodes relative to lobes and segments of the thyroid gland, vascular structures, to evaluate character of nodes vascularization, to analyze nature and invasiveness of the tumor. Based on these data optimal variant of surgery was chosen. In 12 cases virtual modeling of surgeries with 3D-echography and ultrasonic angiography was performed. These methods permit to choose optimal variant of surgery and make possible prediction and prevention of complications.

Angiography↗

PubMed2005

[Clinical and ultrasonic diagnosis of colon diverticulitis and its complications].

Clinical presentations and ultrasonic criteria of colon diverticulitis and its complications in 31 patients (14 men, 17 women) were analyzed. Diverticulitis of the colon was diagnosed at ultrasonic examination (USI) in 23 (74.2%) of 31 patients. USI was carried out with device "SONOLINE Elegra" (Siemens) with convex and linear multifrequency sensors (2-9 MHz). All the patients were examined in scanning regimens of grey scale, tissue harmony, color doppler and energetic Doppler. In some patients with pain syndrome and absence of diverticulitis symptoms according to trans abdominal ultrasonic examination additional transrectal and transvaginal scanning were performed. Clinical picture and ultrasonic criteria of colon diverticulitis and its complications as well as limitations of ultrasonography in diagnosis of this disease were analyzed. In 8 (25.8%) patients false-negative results were seen, there were no false-positive diagnostic mistakes.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Measurement of low-frequency ultrasonic wave in water using an acoustic fiber sensor.

An acoustic fiber sensor for measurement of ultrasonic waves, which used the approximate Raman-Nath diffraction effect where light diffraction waves were generated in an optical fiber by strain due to the ultrasonic waves, was proposed and examined. In order to characterize the acoustic fiber sensor as a basic study, measurements of low-frequency ultrasonic waves in water were examined using a step index fiber operating as a detection sensor. The results showed that characteristics of detected signals agreed with the theoretical prediction based on Fraunhofer diffraction. This indicates that our proposed fiber sensor can be used for the detection of low-frequency ultrasonic waves as well as the transmission of light diffraction signals.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1991

[Ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities].

Noninvasive diagnosis of chronic diseases of the lower limb venous system is an urgent problem of modern phlebology. Ultrasonic examination (USE) makes it possible to judge adequately the condition of the deep and surface veins and, consequently, to improve significantly the management of varicose and post-thrombophlebitic diseases. The authors elaborated an original method for the diagnosis and appraisal of the condition of the lower limb venous system by means of ultrasonic scanning and various functional tests for determining the character of affection of the venous valvular apparatus. Examination of more than 200 patients with primary varicosities and post-thrombophlebitic disease, the use of highly-resolving ultrasonic equipment, and comparison of the results of USE with the findings of radiocontrast phlebography (agreement in 99.8% of cases) allow the conclusion that noninvasive ultrasonic methods must be used widely in appraising the venous status in patients with chronic diseases of the venous system of the lower limbs.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of ultrasonic diagnosis in pediatric laryngology].

In order to have a visual picture of the larynx, laryngeal preparations and larynxes of 50 healthy children were exposed to ultrasonic scanning. Also, 48 children, aged 9 months to 15 years, were examined 77 times: their complaints were dysphonia and/or impaired breathing. On the basis of the findings sonographic signs of laryngeal papillomatosis were described (18 children). Ultrasonic observations were in the norm in catarrhal laryngitis (10 children) and limited forms of hyperplastic laryngitis (18 children). Ultrasonic examination helped diagnose impaired mobility of vocal cords. It is recommended to use ultrasonic visualization for rapid diagnosis of ENT diseases in children as well as for surveillance of children with laryngeal papillomatosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Can ultrasonic scanning replace phlebography in the diagnosis of deep thrombophlebitis of the leg?].

Until recently, phlebography with contrast agents has been the standard method for demonstration of deep venous thrombosis in the lower limb (DVT). In recent years, however, this has been replaced to an increasing extent by ultrasonic scanning. In contrast to radiographic examination, this method does not require injection of a contrast agent and it does not employ ionizing irradiation. The principle of ultrasonic scanning is that a normal vein may be compressed flat by means of slight pressure from the transducer whereas a vein filled with thrombi cannot be compressed. Ultrasonic examination is not (yet?) of diagnostic value in the leg but, more centrally, it is of the same diagnostic value as radiographic examination. It is suggested that ultrasonic scanning can replace phlebography in patients with their first DVT. If this gives a negative result, it may possibly be supplemented by phlebography of the veins of the leg.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1990

[The diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by the data from ultrasonic study methods].

The purpose of the present investigation was to elaborate diagnostic criteria for stenosing of renal arteries according to ultrasonic dopplerography. The investigation included 35 patients suffering from vasorenal hypertension with stenoses of the renal arteries documented by angiography and 63 patients with stage II essential hypertension, who made up the control group. Ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys and dopplerography of the renal arteries were performed with the use of the Acuson-128 ultrasonic system fitted out with a sector transducer operating at a frequency of 3.5 MHz. The authors have devised a method of an ultrasonic study of the renal arteries by means of the posterolateral access. Established criteria for diagnosing stenosis of the renal artery. Among these are a decline of the pulsation index, the resistive index, and the systolic-diastolic velocity ratio as compared to the contralateral artery and nonstenosed renal arteries in the control group patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Accuracy of ultrasonic weight prediction in the fetus with preterm premature rupture of membranes.

The accuracy of ultrasonic fetal weight prediction in the low birth weight fetus was evaluated, comparing measurement errors in 86 fetuses with premature rupture of membranes with 112 fetuses with intact membranes. Using two ultrasonic formulas for estimation of fetal weight, we found no significant differences in the mean error of ultrasonic weight measurement between these groups. In both groups, the mean measurement error was approximately 9%, with a standard deviation of 7%. It appears that ultrasonic methods for estimation of fetal birth weight are equally applicable to preterm fetuses with or without ruptured membranes.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1989

Avoidance of embolic complications by ultrasonic characterization of the ascending aorta.

Surgical manipulation of the atherosclerotic ascending aorta in elderly patients is often accompanied by serious complications. To reduce the risk of disrupting highly degenerated but nonpalpable plaques, we used quantitative ultrasonic techniques to intraoperatively image the ascending aorta in 33 patients (mean age, 71 years) as a guide to selection of cross-clamping or cannulation sites. Two-dimensional, integrated backscatter images (integration time, 1.6 mu sec) were obtained with a 5-MHz transducer wrapped in a sterile sheath and placed directly on the aorta. Significant atherosclerotic disease was detected in 18 patients. Calcified lesions were found in 13 patients, and fibrofatty lesions were found in five. In four patients undergoing repair of degenerative aneurysms, the extent and distribution of ultrasonically delineated regions of calcification and fibrosis were confirmed histologically. In eight (24%) patients, the composition, severity, and location of plaques delineated ultrasonically led to selection of alternate cannulation sites without resultant atheroembolism. Thus, ultrasonic tissue characterization sensitively delineates the extent of aortic atherosclerosis, and its use may decrease the risk of atheroembolism.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration of suggested enlarged parathyroid glands.

Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration from 22 ultrasonically suspect enlarged parathyroid glands was performed in 21 consecutive patients with biochemically confirmed hyperparathyroidism. Histologic examination revealed parathyroid tissue in 20 and thyroid tissue in 2 of the 22 ultrasonically suspect parathyroid glands. The aspirated material (21 patients) was analysed for PTH content and compared with the PTH content in aspirates from corresponding thyroid tissue. In all but one, a higher PTH content was found in aspirates from parathyroid glands. Further, the aspirated material (16 patients) was cytologically examined for parathyroid cells. In 10 of 14 histologically confirmed parathyroid glands cells of parathyroid origin were found, but in 4 cases only cells of endocrine origin were seen. The results and the use of fine needle aspiration in relation to the ultrasonic findings are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Roentgenoradiological and ultrasonic diagnosis of liver and spleen involvement in patients with Hodgkin's disease].

A combined study including selective angiography of the liver and spleen, angioscintigraphy with 99mTc-TCK-5, polypositional scintigraphy with 99mTc-frosstimag-phytate, and ultrasonic scanning was conducted to detect specific liver and splenic involvement in 57 patients with Hodgkin's disease, CT was performed in 4 patients. A high diagnostic value of all methods was shown in macronodal liver involvement (node sizes over 3 cm); of ultrasonic scanning--in the detection of nodes in the liver (node sizes from 1 to 3 cm); of ultrasonic scanning, angiography and angioscintigraphy--in nodal splenic involvement. Signs of diffuse-infiltrative liver involvement detected in angiography and angioscintigraphy were described. The informative value of ultrasonic scanning and CT in this type of involvement was much lower.

Adolescent↗