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PubMed2006

Psychological testing in adolescent medicine.

Psychological and neuropsychological assessment remains an important aspect of clinical evaluation in adolescents with psychiatric and neurologic disorders. The primary care practitioner can refer for psychological and neuropsychological assessment when cognitive, behavioral, or psychiatric problems appear to be affecting the adolescent's learning, psychosocial development, or overall functioning. The most appropriate assessment depends upon the diagnostic issue at hand. Most referrals will include IQ and achievement testing to assess for learning disabilities; behavioral and personality assessment to aid in psychiatric diagnosis and treatment planning; and neuropsychological testing for more complex issues, such as the impact of neurological disorders and injuries on cognition and behavior. The patient can be referred to the school psychologist for IQ and achievement testing that complements any additional testing that may be required to help determine the best intervention. Psychological assessment can be invaluable in the early identification and intervention of learning, behavioral, and psychiatric difficulties in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Social support, life events, and behavioral characteristics of psychologically distressed adolescents at high risk for attempting suicide.

Differences in social support, behavioral characteristics and life events between four groups of adolescents were investigated, one group consisting of suicide attempters and depressed adolescents showing problematic psychological scores and high risk for attempting suicide, and three other groups with lower risk and other (combinations of) psychological characteristics. The high-risk group distinguished itself from the psychologically most "normal" group by reporting less support and understanding from siblings and relations outside the family, more changes in living situation (life-time), more changes in caretaker and physical abuse during childhood, more changes in living situation and sexual abuse during adolescence, and more siblings leaving home during the preceding year. On a behavioral level, they reported consuming more alcohol and running away more often. The only exception to this was support and understanding from other relations: high-risk adolescents experienced more, especially in the last year. A possible explanation is that these subjects, due to the turmoil in their families, relied more on persons outside their families. Differences between the high-risk group and the other two groups are described in terms of the relation between the dependent variables and the psychological characteristics. Implications for assessments in emergency rooms is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Impact of childhood abuses on the psychology and behaviors regarding harmful dietary pattern in adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of childhood abuses on adolescents' psychology and behaviors related to harmful dietary pattern. METHODS: Anonymous questionnaire study on childhood abuses, adolescents' psychology and behaviors regarding their dietary patterns was conducted among 5141 students in 9 middle schools in 2 areas of Anhui province. RESULTS: Among 5141 students, 29.9% reported having severe childhood physical abuse, 64.8% having intermediate childhood physical abuse, 51.4% having mental abuse, 5.3% having physical contact sexual abuse and 24.5% having non-physical contact sexual abuse. In junior, senior middle schools and vocational schools, the incidence rate of severe childhood physical abuse, physical contact sexual abuse and non-physical contact sexual abuse among male students was higher than that among female students. In total, the incidence rate of childhood mental abuse among female students (53.1%) was higher than that among male students (49.8%) and with significant difference (chi2 = 5.484, P < 0.05). The incidence rate of 5 kinds of childhood abuses among junior middle school students was relatively low, and the incidence rate of intermediate childhood physical abuse and mental abuse was higher among senior middle school students. The incidence rate of 9 among the 11 kinds of psychology and behaviors related to harmful dietary pattern among female students in the middle schools and vocational schools was higher than that among male students. By unconditional multivariate logistic regression model, results showed that the childhood abuses was among the 11 kinds of psychological and behavioral risk factors related to harmful dietary pattern. CONCLUSION: Childhood abuses had negative effects on dietary behaviors in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The false consensus bias as applied to psychologically disturbed adolescents.

In order to examine whether the false consensus bias applied to psychologically disturbed adolescents, outpatients at a rural mental health center who described themselves as very depressed or suicidal, and nondisturbed teenagers (who had no history of psychological treatment and were not at that time seeking psychological treatment), were asked to read a newspaper article about either a child's suicidal or viral illness death. Both groups of adolescents, like adults in previous research, viewed the suicidal child and the surviving family more negatively than they did the child and survivors of a viral illness death. Further, consistent with the false consensus hypothesis, adolescent clients viewed either child as more psychologically disturbed than did nonclients. Also, clients, as compared to nonclients, viewed both parents as more psychologically disturbed prior to either child's death. Results somewhat support the hypothesis of a false consensus bias which operates for depressed, suicidal adolescents when they view the tragedy of a child's death, but not when they are making recommendations about psychological help for the surviving family. Results are interpreted as suggesting that adolescent outpatients either view therapy as not particularly beneficial or as not particularly appropriate for bereaved individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Adolescent health psychology.

In this article, a biopsychosocial model of adolescent development is used as an organizing framework for a review of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention research with adolescent populations. During adolescence many critical health behaviors emerge, affecting future disease outcomes in adulthood. In addition, most of the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescence are unique to this period of development, indicating that health-focused interventions must be tailored specifically to adolescents. Moreover, it is during adolescence that lifelong patterns of self-management of and adjustment to chronic health conditions are established. Thus, an increased focus on adolescence in health psychology research is important both to improve the health of adolescents per se and to optimize health trajectories into adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of family relations for coping with psychological disorders--results of an empirical study of therapy prognosis of children and adolescents with psychological disorders].

The importance of family relations for the therapy of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is discussed reporting results from an empirical study carried out in an inpatient sample of a child and adolescent psychiatric unit with regard to the quality of mother-child resp, father-child relation and its influence on coping processes. Whether adolescents suffering from a psychiatric disorder are able to cope with their problems during the course of a therapy, depends on their individual and social resources. Therapy outcome is to a great extent influenced by the emotional quality of their family relations. Hostility and rejection as well as unstructured and disorganized parental behavior contribute to a negative outcome. A differentiated analysis shows further that the relation between the adolescents and their fathers is particularly important for therapy prognosis. Nevertheless, one has to consider the respective relations with both parents for therapy prognosis, as problems with one parent may be partly compensated by a good relationship with the other parent. Finally, the cooperation between parents and clinical staff is discussed. Data and experiences show that interest and readiness of parents (mothers as well as fathers) for a close cooperation are higher than generally expected.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

The reading grade level of common measures in child and adolescent clinical psychology.

The purpose of this article is to provide easily accessible readability information for 49 parent- and 35 child- and adolescent-report measures commonly used by clinicians and researchers. There is a great deal of variability in reading ability required across measures. The majority of parent-report measures (65%) required reading ability above the 8th grade level. The average child-/adolescent-report measure required reading ability above the 6th grade level. Given the potential contribution of readability to a measure's reliability, validity, and overall utility, examining and accounting for readability should be a more common practice in test construction and administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Perceived parental control processes, parent-child relational qualities, and psychological well-being in chinese adolescents with and without economic disadvantage.

The author assessed the relationships between poverty and perceived parenting style, parent-child relationships, and adolescent psychological well-being in Chinese secondary school students (N = 3,017). Participants completed questionnaires designed to assess (a) the degree to which their parents used monitoring, discipline, and other techniques to control their behavior; (b) the extent to which their parents attempted to control them in a way that undermined their psychological development; (c) the parent-child relational qualities, such as the child's readiness to communicate with the parents and perceived mutual trust; and (d) the child's psychological well-being. Although adolescents with economic disadvantage did not differ from adolescents without economic disadvantage on the maternal variables (except on parental knowledge and parental monitoring), adolescents whose families were receiving public assistance generally perceived paternal behavioral control and father-child relational qualities to be more negative than did adolescents who were not receiving public assistance. The author found psychological well-being (shown by hopelessness, mastery, life satisfaction, self-esteem) of adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage to be weaker than that of adolescents not experiencing economic disadvantage.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Paternal and maternal influences on the psychological well-being of Chinese adolescents.

Adolescents' (N = 378) perceptions of and satisfaction with parenting styles, perceived parent-adolescent conflict, perceived frequency of parent-adolescent communication and related feelings, perceived parent-adolescent relationship, and mental health were assessed with rating scales and structured interviews on 2 occasions separated by 1 year. Results showed that the questionnaire and interview measures at each time could be grouped into 2 stable factors: Paternal Parenthood Qualities (PPQ) and Maternal Parenthood Qualities (MPQ). Although both factors generally had significant concurrent and longitudinal correlations with adolescents' mental health, PPQ at Time 1-predicted changes in adolescent life satisfaction, hopelessness, self-esteem, purpose in life, and general psychiatric morbidity at Time 2, whereas MPQ at Time 1 did not predict those changes. Adolescents' mental health at Time 1 was found to predict changes in MPQ but not PPQ at Time 2. Relative to maternal qualities, paternal qualities were generally found to exert a stronger impact on adolescent psychological well-being.

Adolescent↗