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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Relations between the brain and the endocrine system from its chronobiological aspects. II. The hypophysis, adrenal gland, thyroid islet organ, gonads and kidney].

The presence of biorhythms in the endocrine organs (pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, islet organ, gonades , and kidney) are reviewed. Biorhythms ( circadian and circannual rhythms) have an influence on the action of this organs. The acrophases of the hormones in the serum have different peaks and their time-correlation is different. The importance of this data for experiments and for the clinical practice is discussed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2000

Expression of stanniocalcin in zona glomerulosa and medulla of normal human adrenal glands, and some adrenal tumors and cell lines.

Stanniocalcin (STC) is a calcium (Ca)-regulating hormone that was originally discovered in the fish Stannius body, which is a unique endocrine organ. Hypercalcemia increases STC secretion, which inhibits Ca uptake by the gills and normalizes serum Ca level. In this study we investigated the STC expression in human normal and abnormal adrenal cells. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody against STC revealed specific staining in zona glomerulosa and medulla of normal human adrenal glands. STC was also detected in human adrenal tumors, such as pheochromocytoma, differentiated neuroblastoma, and aldosterone-producing adenoma, and cultured adrenal tumor cells (rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells and human neuroblastoma NB-1 cells). However, undifferentiated human adrenal neuroblastoma was negative for STC staining. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated STC mRNA expression in cultured PC-12 cells and NB-1 cells. Following several studies indicating that zona glomerulosa cells of adrenal glands express neuroendocrine properties, STC expression in normal and abnormal adrenal cells provides additional evidence to support the neuroendocrine differentiation of these cells. In conclusion, STC may be useful as a new cell marker of adrenal glands under physiological and pathological conditions.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic to the adrenal gland mimicking normal adrenal cortical epithelium on fine needle aspiration.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of enlarged adrenal glands detected by computed tomography is a valuable method for extrathoracic staging of pulmonary carcinomas. This paper presents the case of a middle-aged man with pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic to the adrenal glands, the FNA sample of which closely resembled normal adrenal cortical epithelium. Through review of the case and comparison with cytologic preparations from normal adrenal glands, the aspiration cytologic features suggesting carcinoma are described.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Role of the adrenal gland and adrenal-mediated chemosignals in suppression of estrus in the house mouse: the lee-boot effect revisited.

Mature female mice, grouped in the absence of a male stimulus, exhibit a suppressed estrous cycle (the so-called Lee-Boot effect). We have designed a series of experiments to elucidate the involvement of the adrenal gland in this phenomenon. Our initial results indicate that adrenalectomized mice exhibit a regular estrous cycle in either isolated or grouped conditions. A single, intact mouse caged with five adrenalectomized females showed repeated normal cycles. When the urine samples from group-caged intact mice or group-caged adrenalectomized mice were applied to the external nares of singly caged females, estrous cycles were inhibited in the animals receiving urine from the intact mice but not from the adrenalectomized mice. In addition, corticosterone therapy restored the function of estrus suppression in grouped, adrenalectomized mice. We had previously shown that the urinary excretion of several volatile compounds (2-heptanone, trans-5-hepten-2-one, trans-4-hepten-2-one, pentyl acetate, cis-2-penten-1-yl acetate, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine) was adrenal mediated (Science 1986; 231:722-725). A further testing of these compounds in relation to estrus suppression has now revealed that a mixture of these compounds is effective, but removing 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine from the mixture abolished the biological response. The overall results of this study show conclusively an important role of the adrenal gland and adrenal-mediated urinary metabolites in estrus suppression.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2003

Corticomedullary mixed tumor of the adrenal gland with concurrent adrenal myelolipoma.

We report the case of a corticomedullary mixed tumor of the adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman with a left adrenal mass who presented with mild symptoms of Cushing syndrome and an elevated urinary cortisol level. The patient underwent a left adrenalectomy. A well-circumscribed 2.5-cm mass, composed of an admixture of adrenal cortical cells and pheochromocytes, and an incidental 0.7-cm myelolipoma were present in the resected left adrenal gland. The diagnosis of adrenal corticomedullary mixed tumor was confirmed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the eighth well-documented report of this rare tumor.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

bcl-2 expression in normal adrenal glands and in adrenal neoplasms.

Archival paraffin-embedded tissue from 5 normal adrenal glands (including 1 from a fetus of 28 weeks' gestation), 6 cases of adrenal cortical hyperplasia, 9 cortical adenomas, 14 cortical carcinomas, and 11 pheochromocytomas were immunostained with monoclonal antibody against bcl-2. Ultrastructural localization of bcl-2 protein was also performed on selected cases. Positive immunostaining for bcl-2 was seen in all of the layers of the normal adrenal cortex, with different staining characteristics. bcl-2 expression was never observed in the normal adrenal medulla. Electron microscopic studies revealed bcl-2 to be localized predominantly to mitochondria, with a small number of labels along the nuclear envelope. Analysis of adrenal neoplasms showed expression of bcl-2 in cortical tumors, but only one positive case in pheochromocytomas. Restriction of bcl-2 expression to adrenal cortex-derived tissue versus adrenal medulla-derived tissue might prove to be helpful for the differential diagnosis between cortical and medullary tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Coenzyme A glutathione disulfide. A potent vasoconstrictor derived from the adrenal gland.

The adrenal gland is involved in the regulation of vascular tone by secretion of vasoactive agents such as catecholamines, neuropeptide Y, or endogenous ouabain. A further potent vasoconstrictor is isolated from bovine adrenal glands and is identified by chromatography, mass spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, and enzymatic cleavage as coenzyme A glutathione disulfide (CoASSG). CoASSG is found in chromaffin granules of adrenal glands and is released from adrenal medulla slices by carbachol. At a concentration of 10(-12) mol/L CoASSG increases renal vascular resistance. Intra-aortic injection of 5 x 10(-10) mol CoASSG increases blood pressure in the intact animal. Besides its vasopressor properties, this substance potentiates the effects of angiotensin II on vascular tone. It is concluded that CoASSG could play a role in blood pressure regulation not only by direct effects but also by modulation of the action of angiotensin II.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1996

Localization of diazepam-binding inhibitor-related peptides and peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors in the frog adrenal gland.

The adrenal gland of mammals contains high concentrations of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) and diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), a polypeptide which acts as an endogenous ligand for PBR. The aim of the present study was to investigate the localization of DBI and PBR in the adrenal gland of the frog Rana ridibunda. Reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for the frog DBI cDNA showed the presence of DBI mRNA in frog adrenal gland extracts. The cellular distribution of DBI and PBR was investigated using an antiserum against the octadecaneuropeptide DBI [33-50] (ODN) and antibodies against the 18-kDa isoquinoline binding protein subunit of PBR (IBP), respectively. ODN-like immunoreactivity was found in chromaffin cells and in Stilling s cells, but not in adrenocortical cells. IBP-like immunoreactivity was observed in chromaffin cells, in Stilling s cells and in a small proportion (11%) of steroid-secreting cells. The ODN- and IBP-immunoreactive materials were homogeneously distributed in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells and concentrated at the periphery of large cytoplasmic vesicles in Stilling s cells. The proportion of ODN-positive Stilling s cells showed marked circannual variations with a maximum in July. Similarly, the proportion of IBP-positive Stilling s cells was 17 times higher in July than in December. These results indicate that, in the frog adrenal gland, DBI-related peptides and PBR are simultaneously expressed in chromaffin cells and Stilling s cells, suggesting that endogenous ligands for PBR may play a physiological role in the control of adrenal cell activity.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2001

[Specific binding of GABA in the adrenal glands and catecholamine blood and adrenal gland levels in rats under stress with inhibited functioning of the hypothalamus-hypophyseal-adrenocortical systems].

Forced swimming of intact rats was accompanied by an activation of the hormonal link in sympatho-adrenal system and by a decrease in the level of specific binding of 14C-GABA by adrenal plasma membranes; the former was prevented with the administration of GABAergic preparations (baclofen, GABA-taurine) before stress. Under inhibition of the function of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis following multiple hydrocortisone administration and, in presence of developing metabolic disorders and adrenal secretion of catecholamines, the latter reacted to stress by a decrease in adrenalin, noradrenaline and dopamine secretion without changing the intensity of specific binding of GABA. Administration of GABAergic preparations before stress prevented the development of stress disorders of noradrenaline and dopamine secretion partially or completely, and sodium thiosulphate administration increased acutely specific binding of GABA with adrenal plasma membranes simultaneously preventing the accumulation of adrenal noradrenaline and the decrease in blood DOPA level.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

Receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I in the human adrenal gland.

Human adrenal glands contain high-affinity receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Comparative studies with rat, hamster and human adrenal membranes confirmed that IGF-I receptors are most abundant in rat and hamster adrenals, whereas insulin and IGF-I receptors are present in equivalent numbers in human adrenal glands. Covalent crosslinking studies revealed that the human adrenal gland IGF-I receptor binding subunit migrated on dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels with Mr = 135,000, which is identical to the migration of IGF-I receptor binding subunits isolated from other tissues. Autoradiography of frozen human adrenal slices incubated with [125I]insulin showed prominent, displaceable binding of this radioligand to the zona reticularis, zona glomerulosa, vasculature and medulla; in contrast, [125I]IGF-I binding to human adrenal tissue was most prominent in the zona reticularis and negligible in the medullary region.

Adrenal Glands↗