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PubMedDate not supplied

Hundredth anniversary of August Müller's inaugural dissertation on contact lenses.

In celebration of the centenary of August Müller's pioneering work on contact lenses, we present, for the first time, a full translation into English of Part III of his inaugural dissertation. Müller describes his attempts to correct his own -14.00 diopters of myopia with "cornea-lenses," which were essentially glass scleral lenses. His inability to tolerate lens wear for more than half an hour was probably due to a) limbal pressure as a result of the primary optic diameter being too small, and b) the use of water to occupy the space between the lens and cornea, which would have induced severe corneal edema. Many of the observations and recommendations embodied in Müller's thesis, such as the importance of a good fit, adequate tear flow and rounded edges, are still relevant to contact lens practice today.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Guidelines for the PhD degree in immunology. International Union of Immunological Societies Education Committee.

The International Union of Immunological Societies, recognizing the need for internationally acceptable standards for the PhD degree in immunology, commissioned the IUIS Education Committee to prepare recommendations on the subject. This document, the result of a two-year study of PhD programs in many countries, presents these recommendations.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Towards a doctoral thesis through published works.

Doctoral theses submitted in medical schools under a system dependent on publications (Sweden) and one which was not (UK) were compared. A subset consisting of UK theses containing papers (about 1/3 of all UK theses) was used. The publication-based theses gave candidates a significantly higher (P < 0.03) profile in terms of key authorship positions. Nevertheless, in 66% of the UK theses with papers the candidate was either the first or sole author. Swedish and UK theses with papers were of equal quality when assessed by the number of papers in journals: a) ranked in the top 100 (14% vs 10%) or 200 (26% vs 32%); or b) used more than once and either ranked in the top 1000 (median 224 vs 218) or in the top two thirds by subject section (98 vs 100%). UK theses benefitted from the greater impact of journals emanating from the UK compared to continental Europe (P < 0.001). An estimated 13% of UK PhD theses overall included three or more papers per thesis despite no requirement of publication. A publication-based doctorate should be introduced on trial in parallel with the existing systems to ensure efficiency and international comparability.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The first 5 years after the dissertation.

To succeed in academia, nursing faculty members must devote the first 5 years following the dissertation to achieving a standard to tenure characteristic of the profession. Most institutions in the country adhere to the American Association of University Professors' guidelines for tenure. These guidelines mandate excellence in teaching, scholarship, and service. A fourth characteristic, leadership, is increasingly considered in tenure decisions. The expectations of an academic career in nursing serve as the foundation for a framework to evaluate the likelihood of success in a particular setting. A detailed 5-year plan for achieving tenure is proposed.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the way to scholarship: from master's to doctorate.

Progress in the discipline of nursing is predicated on the development of a community of scholars who have passion for substance. Nurse educators are challenged to develop programs and environments that stimulate and nurture scholarship. However, doctoral education that enhances scholarship encompasses more than coursework. Strategies for the development of scholarly doctoral education are discussed in this article.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Status and trends in Swedish dissertations in the area of cardiovascular nursing.

In Europe, cardiovascular nursing (CVN) is a young branch of nursing science. The explicit knowledge contained in CVN dissertations has, so far, not been studied in Europe, and this is especially true in the case of Sweden. Accordingly, the aim of this literature study was to describe the status of and compare trends in Swedish dissertations in the area of CVN in terms of organisational structure, approach, research strategy, social orientation and socio-demographic aspects. The literature search resulted in 29 dissertations and a 26-item questionnaire that illuminated the problem areas. Most dissertations were produced in the universities of Göteborg, Halmstad and Linköping; a minority had a nurse as main supervisor; rehabilitation was the most common CVN approach; very few of the dissertations had an experimental design; and the majority was hospital-based. The main trends were (A) an increase in dissertations that were written during the last 6 years, (B) an increased number of nurses as main supervisors as well as publication in nursing journals, (C) an increase in hospital care settings while a decrease in community settings, and finally, (D) an increased number of dissertations addressing the issues of tertiary prevention as well as focusing on patients and next-of-kin as target groups. An important implication is to stimulate nurse-led interventions at all preventative levels in order to maintain or improve the cardiac health of both healthy and sick individuals, but also in order to visualize CVN and distinguish it from cardiology.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Locating the evidence base for musculoskeletal nursing: an overview of the rheumatology nursing literature.

The main aim of this study was to locate and classify publications, particularly research publications, produced by nurses working and/or researching in the area of rheumatology in order to develop a research strategy for a newly established academic and clinical nursing unit. Database searches were undertaken to identify journal articles. Theses, dissertations, research reports, conference abstracts and books were also included in the study. The publications once located were entered into a Reference Manager electronic database and the facilities of this package were used to analyse and classify the data. The findings of the study demonstrated that over the past 40 years nurses have been steadily increasing the publication output in this area and in the last 10 years there has been a substantial increase in all publications, but particularly research and investigative articles. However there is a lack of clinical research in this area and this needs to be addressed in future as nurses develop more advanced roles in this speciality. The main limitations was the difficulty in accurately identifying nursing publications because of inadequate details of authorship.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Global quality criteria, standards, and indicators for doctoral programs in nursing; literature review and guideline development.

BACKGROUND: Nursing profession has intensified education and training of nurse researchers who could enhance the health of people through the discovery and dissemination of knowledge. This resulted in rapid increase in the number of doctoral programs in nursing in many countries in recent decades, but the guidelines for quality programs are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To develop guidelines for quality criteria, standards, and indicators for doctoral programs in nursing that may be used worldwide. METHODS: The work of the quality criteria, standards and indicators (QCSI) committee of the International Network for Doctoral Education in Nursing formed the basis of this paper and authors supplemented it by a literature review and consultation with international experts. FINDINGS: The major criteria of quality of doctoral program were: the nature of the mission, the quality of faculty, the students, the curriculum, program administration, and resources. Sub-criteria, standards and indicators for each of these criteria were identified in sufficient detail to provide guidance for quality doctoral programs in nursing. Concerns as to whether the QCSI would apply to those countries and doctoral programs that focus on a research thesis only, without formal coursework were addressed. Experts from across the world felt that the QCSI would be applicable for most program types. CONCLUSIONS: Global criteria, standards, and indicators for doctoral programs in nursing presented in this article may serve as guidelines for most doctoral programs in the world as these were developed by experienced nurse scholars representing eight countries from five continents. The degree of detail in these parameters is sufficient to enhance the utility of the QCSI for all doctoral programs worldwide.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Nursing doctoral education in Turkey.

Quality health care is an issue of concern worldwide, and nursing can and must play a major and global role in transforming the healthcare environment. Doctorally prepared nurses are very much needed in the discipline to further develop and expand the science, as well as to prepare its future educators, scholars, leaders, and policy makers. In 1968, the Master of Science in Nursing Program was initiated in Turkey, followed by the Nursing Doctoral Education Program in 1972. Six University Schools of Nursing provide nursing doctoral education. By the graduating year of 2001, 154 students had graduated with the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D.), and 206 students were enrolled in related courses. Many countries in the world are systematically building various collaborative models in their nursing doctoral education programs. Turkey would like to play an active role in creating collaborative nursing doctoral education programs with other countries. This paper centres on the structure and model of doctoral education for nurses in Turkey. It touches on doctoral programs around the world; describes in detail nursing doctoral education in Turkey, including its program structure, admission process, course units, assessment strategies and dissertation procedure; and discusses efforts to promote Turkey as a potential partner in international initiatives to improve nursing doctoral education.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of learning outcomes in a research process and the utilization of research knowledge from the viewpoint of nursing students.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the learning that takes place in a research process of nursing students when writing their Bachelor's theses and to describe the learning outcomes in utilizing research knowledge. The sample comprised nursing students from a Finnish polytechnic. All of them worked with their Bachelor's theses. The data were collected by a questionnaire constructed for this study and 257 nursing students participated in the study. The data were analysed by SPSS 10.0 software. The students knew the steps of the research process moderately well. Most of the students responded that research results had been implemented in nursing practice. More than half of the students found the attitudes towards research positive in their clinical placements. Students' self-evaluation of learning outcomes was positive and they felt able to use research knowledge. The results indicated improving learning outcomes during the working process of the Bachelor's thesis. Working with the Bachelor's thesis is an effective way to lead the students to use research knowledge. The results are useful in guiding the students through their Bachelor's theses as well as in developing the curriculum and working life.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcomes of scholarly inquiry: an analysis of Master's of Nursing students' projects/theses.

This study examined the first scholarly projects/theses of 112 graduates of a newly formed Master of Nursing (MN) program. The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether MN graduates' scholarly projects/theses addressed the American Association Colleges of Nursing's (1996) Essentials of Master's Education for Advanced Practice Nursing, met program outcomes, and adhered to campus and program values. Other specific questions were formulated to ascertain the method of inquiry most used, the population group most examined, and the outcomes of the inquiry. The sample of 106 scholarly projects and six theses were categorized according to method of inquiry, population group, population type, and scholarly outcomes and then entered into a database software program. The findings showed the method of inquiry most used was literature review, followed by program critique, community assessment, and secondary analysis. The community was the most frequently examined population group, with patient, children, provider, minority, and elderly the most used population type. The most frequent scholarly outcomes were recommendations, study reports, educational materials, and program development. Findings supported the campus's and program's mission statement that values community partnership and diversity, improved health care outcomes, as well as an outcome objective of master's-level proficiencies in research competencies.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Academic research on solid waste in Sweden 1994-2003.

A small desk survey was conducted in the spring of 2004 to get an overview on the development of waste research. The survey targeted the last 10 years of waste research at Swedish academic institutions trying to identify the total amount of research and trends over time with regard to issues, volume and distribution over academic disciplines. In the survey, only the theses written at major Swedish universities were considered. All post-graduate theses from major Swedish universities were reviewed. Data were obtained from the homepages and search engines of the various libraries as of May 13 2004. Altogether 90 theses were identified from nine universities, i.e., an average of 1 thesis per University per year. The results of the survey indicate that: (1) the academic waste research is very small in comparison to the R&D performed by the industry; there seems to be a lack of interaction between industry and academia; (2) waste research is slowly getting into established academic environments and gains in quantity and diversion over time; (3) in addition to being driven by environmental protection legislation, there also seems to be emerging more industry interest from a production perspective.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Factors affecting fellowship satisfaction, thesis completion, and career direction among maternal-fetal medicine fellows.

OBJECTIVE: To determine fellowship satisfaction through a survey of maternal-fetal medicine fellows. METHODS: We constructed a survey using multiple choice, Likert scale, ordinal, and categorical scale questions. The questions focused on faculty involvement, mentorship, research time and productivity, education, fellowship selection, ultimate goals of fellows, and satisfaction. We sent the survey in two mailings to all maternal-fetal medicine fellows during April and May 1996. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight surveys were mailed, and 136 were returned (98.5% return rate). Twenty-seven percent of fellows did not believe they would complete their thesis by the end of their fellowship. No statistically significant relationship was noted between the fellows' predicted thesis completion and the availability of funding, support for statistical analysis, the presence of animal research facilities, age, number of dependents, or year of fellowship. The presence of a mentor on the maternal-fetal medicine faculty increased the likelihood of thesis completion from 52.3% to 83.5% (P < .001). Similarly, the presence of a faculty advisor increased the likelihood of thesis completion from 58.9% to 83.5% (P = .001). Thirty-two percent of the respondents did not have a mentor on the faculty, and 41% did not have a faculty advisor. Forty percent indicated that they were too involved in clinical pursuits to perform research. This group was significantly more likely to believe that their theses would not be completed (63% versus 80%, P = .029). Overall, 22% of the fellows would not recommend their fellowships. Fellows with a mentor (88.2% versus 55.8%; P < .001) or faculty advisor (87.3% versus 64.9%; P = .002) were more likely than those without to recommend their fellowship. CONCLUSION: A mentor or faculty advisor plays a significant role in the training of maternal-fetal medicine fellows and is associated with a higher incidence of satisfaction with the fellowship program, thesis completion, and entrance into academic practice.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗