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PubMed1990

Isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria from ovine foot rot in Spain.

A microbiological study was made of 125 Merino sheep showing clinical signs of foot rot. A total of 435 strictly anaerobic strains were isolated, belonging to the following genera: Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Tissierella, Fusobacterium, Megasphaera, Eubacterium, Acidaminococcus, Clostridium, Peptococcus and Propionibacterium. Of the 35 species obtained, the following were found in more than 10 per cent of animals sampled: Bacteroides nodosus, B putredinis, B buccae, B ruminicola subspecies brevis, Tissierella praeacuta, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Megasphaera elsdenii. Six culture media were used for isolation. Agar brucella and agar brucella enriched with G-N anaerobe supplement proved to be the most efficient for isolating anaerobic bacteria.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Ischaemic mouse thigh model for evaluation of pathogenicity of non-clostridial anaerobes.

A mouse thigh model has been devised in which the growing culture of non-clostridial anaerobe in the ischaemic tissue produces inflammatory swelling and death. The swelling of the right thigh served as an index of pathogenicity of the test strain in comparison to the negatively reacting left thigh which received injection of the control strain of Bifidobacterium infantis. Actinomyces naeslundii exceptionally caused death in all animals within 24 h. Mortality and thigh swelling were pronounced (greater than 75%) in case of Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and Propionibacterium acnes but less (less than 50%) in Acidaminococcus fermentans. High (less than 75%) rate of thigh swelling was also encountered in case of Bacteroides oralis, Bacteroides corrodens, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium plauti, Peptococcus prevotii, Streptococcus intermedius, Eubacterium lentum and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ss. shermanii.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Catabolism of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate in procaryotes. Purification and properties of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (symmetrical) pyrophosphohydrolase from Escherichia coli K12.

Enzymatic activity which hydrolyzes diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) yielding ADP has been identified in extracts of eubacteria, Escherichia coli and Acidaminococcus fermentans, and of a highly thermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrodictum occultum. Specific Ap4A (symmetric) pyrophosphohydrolase from Escherichia coli K12 has been purified almost 400-fold. The preparation was free of phosphatase, ATPase, phosphodiesterase, AMP-nucleosidase, and adenylate kinase. The Ap4A pyrophosphohydrolase molecular weight estimated by gel filtration is 27,000 +/- 1,000. Activity maximum is at pH 8.3. The Km value computed for Ap4A is 25 +/- 3 microM. The sulfhydryl group(s) is essential for enzyme activity. Metal chelators, EDTA, and o-phenanthroline, inhibit Ap4A hydrolysis; I0.5 values are 3 and 50 microM, respectively. Co2+ is a strong stimulator with an almost 100-fold increase in rate of Ap4A hydrolysis and a plateau in the range of 100-500 microM Co2+, when compared with the nonstimulated hydrolysis. Other transition metal ions, Mn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+, stimulate by factors of 8, 3.5, and 3.5, respectively, with optimal concentrations in the range 200-500, 2-5, and 4-8 microM, respectively. Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+, up to 30 microM, are without effect and they inhibit at higher concentrations. Mg2+ or Ca2+, in the absence of other divalent metal ions, are weak stimulators (1.5-fold stimulation occurs at 1-2 mM concentration), but act synergistically with Co2+ at its suboptimal concentrations. Stimulation in the presence of 10 microM Co2+ and either 1 mM MgCl2 or CaCl2 increases up to 75-fold. The same degree of synergy is found at 10 microM Co2+ and either 2-5 mM spermidine or 0.5-1.5 mM spermine. Besides Ap4A, bacterial Ap4A pyrophosphohydrolase hydrolyzes effectively Ap5A and Gp4G, and, to some extent, p4A, Ap6A, and Ap3A yielding in each case corresponding nucleoside diphosphate as one of the products.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗

PubMed1983

[Cefotiam passage into the maxillary sinus tissues].

Clinical study was made on cefotiam (CTM) and the following results were obtained. Tissue concentrations of CTM were determined 1 hour after intravenous injection (CTM 1 g) in chronic sinusitis and maxillary cyst. Concentrations of CTM were 16.53 micrograms/g, 13.26 micrograms/g in mucosa of the maxillary sinus, maxillary cyst, respectively. Antibacterial activity of CTM was measured on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aerococcus, Acidaminococcus fermentans, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius; that were isolated from pus of maxillary sinus. The highest MIC on them was 3.13 micrograms/ml.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Ticarcillin disodium in anaerobic infections.

Twenty-five patients were treated with ticarcillin disodium, 18 of whom had anaerobic infections that included pleuropulmonary infections (seven), mandibular osteomyelitis (four), perirectal abscess (two), sepsis, primary site unknown (one), liver abscess (one), pelvic abscess (one), decubitus ulcer (one), and synergistic gangrene (one). Seven had no anaerobic infections. Three had anaerobic septicemia. Culture results included anaerobes: peptococci (ten), peptostreptococci (ten), Bacteroides fragilis (six), Bacteroides not fragilis (ten), eubacteria (three), fusobacteria (two), Clostridium (one), Veillonella (one), and acidaminococcus (one); aerobes: Proteus (three), Klebsiella (two), Escherichia coli (two), and streptococci (two). Six patients with mixed aerobic infections initially received gentamicin sulfate in addition. The serum levels were 110 +/- 20 microgram/ml one hour after intravenous infusion of 5 g of ticarcillin disodium. All anaerobic isolates were susceptible at less than or equal to 100 microgram/ml and 85% by less than or equal to 25 microgram/ml of ticarcillin. Sixteen patients responded well to ticarcillin and two failed to respond. Our study suggests that ticarcillin is useful in the treatment of anaerobic infections.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1994

Rapid diagnosis of anaerobic gram-positive cocci by salt tolerance.

The maximum salt tolerance was 2.5% in cases of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Peptococcus prevotii, 3% in Ruminococcus albus, 4% in Acidaminococcus fermentans, Peptococcus niger and Megasphaera elsdenii and 5% in Peptococcus magnus. The biochemical tests being largely inactive and time consuming the findings of salt tolerance if combined with those of morphological data provide clue to the rapid identification of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1995

Non-sporing anaerobes in certain surgical group of patients.

The magnitude of non-sparing anaerobic (NSA) infections has been defined in the postoperative wounds on colorectum in children (57.1%), general surgery (0%), abdominoperineal and uterocervical operations (11-45%) in gynaecologic and obstetrical cases and perforative peritonitis (25.8-32.3%). Children below the 6 months age group bear less risk of acquiring NSA infection. Under certain situations, metronidazole combats NSA infections in a better way than other antibacterials. The bacteriology of NSA infections has been probed at the species level in the gynaecologic and obstetrical patients. The species of normal cervix (44.6%) are represented in wounds involving abdominal wall (11%), perineum (22.8%) and uterocervix (45.6%) to suggest endogenous infection. Out of the 22 species of NSA isolated, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Acidaminococcus fermentans and Peptococcus prevotii are the commonest. Others were Peptococcus niger, Gaffkya anaerobia, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Actinomyces bovis, Bacteroides oralis, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and the different species of peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, propionibacterium and fusobacterium. The weight of evidence indicated a pathogenic role of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, in view of their heavy growth. The umbrella of antibacterials reduced Gram-positive anaerobic cocci from 40% to 16%. The facultative anaerobes Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Kl pneumoniae and proteus appeared as the exogenous agents of nosocomial infections.

Adolescent↗